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Population ageing: how does it impact the macroeconomy?
[Les impacts macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population]

Author

Listed:
  • Noëmie LISACK
  • Rana SAJEDI
  • Gregory THWAITES

Abstract

This article quantifies the impact of past and future demographic change on real interest rates, house prices and household debt in a calibrated overlapping-generations model. Falling birth and death rates across advanced economies can explain a large part of the fall in world real interest rates and the rise in house prices and household debt observed since the 1980s. Since households tend to maintain relatively high wealth levels throughout their retirements, these trends will persist as the population continues to age. Countries that age relatively slowly, like the United States, will see their net foreign liability position grow. The availability of housing as a store of value attenuates these trends, while raising the retirement age has limited effects. À l’aide d’un modèle calibré à générations imbriquées, l’article quantifie l’impact des évolutions démographiques passées et futures sur les taux d’intérêt réels, les prix des logements et l’endettement des ménages. La baisse des taux de natalité et de mortalité dans les économies avancées peut expliquer en grande partie la baisse des taux d’intérêt réels mondiaux et la hausse des prix des logements et de l’endettement des ménages observées depuis les années 1980. Comme les ménages tendent à maintenir des niveaux de richesse relativement élevés tout au long de leur retraite, ces tendances persisteront à mesure que la population continuera de vieillir. Les pays qui vieillissent relativement lentement, comme les États-Unis, verront augmenter leur dette extérieure nette. Ces évolutions sont atténuées par la disponibilité du logement comme réserve de valeur alternative, tandis que le relèvement de l’âge de départ à la retraite a des effets limités.

Suggested Citation

  • Noëmie LISACK & Rana SAJEDI & Gregory THWAITES, 2019. "Population ageing: how does it impact the macroeconomy? [Les impacts macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 223.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2019:223:02
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lisack, Noëmie & Sajedi, Rana & Thwaites, Gregory, 2017. "Demographic trends and the real interest rate," Bank of England working papers 701, Bank of England.
    2. Marx, Magali & Mojon, Benoît & Velde, François R., 2021. "Why have interest rates fallen far below the return on capital?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(S), pages 57-76.
    3. Holston, Kathryn & Laubach, Thomas & Williams, John C., 2017. "Measuring the natural rate of interest: International trends and determinants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(S1), pages 59-75.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E13 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Neoclassical
    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

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