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Does Unemployment Increase Crime?: Evidence from U.S. Data 1974–2000

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Craig A. Depken II & E. Frank Stephenson, 2017. "Copper Theft in the United States," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 62(1), pages 66-76, March.
  2. Snyder, Thomas J. & Ouattara, Saliou N., 2017. "Occupational Licensure and Property Crime," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 48(01), October.
  3. Corvalan, Alejandro & Pazzona, Matteo, 2019. "Persistent commodity shocks and transitory crime effects," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 110-127.
  4. Foureaux Koppensteiner, Martin & Manacorda, Marco, 2016. "Violence and birth outcomes: Evidence from homicides in Brazil," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 16-33.
  5. Brodeur, Abel & Yousaf, Hasin, 2019. "The Economics of Mass Shootings," IZA Discussion Papers 12728, IZA Network @ LISER.
  6. Christine Braun, 2019. "Crime and the minimum wage," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 32, pages 122-152, April.
  7. Arvate, Paulo & Souza, André Portela, 2022. "Armed police and violence: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in Brazil," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
  8. Pallab Kumar Ghosh, 2018. "The Short-Run Effects of the Great Recession on Crime," Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 92-111, September.
  9. Horst Entorf & Hannes Spengler, 2015. "Crime, prosecutors, and the certainty of conviction," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 167-201, February.
  10. Eduardo Rodrigues-Oreggia & Miguel Flores, 2012. "Structural Factors and the “War on Drugs” Effects on the Upsurge in Homicides in Mexico," Growth Lab Working Papers 30, Harvard's Growth Lab.
  11. Rege, Mari & Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Telle, Kjetil & Votruba, Mark, 2019. "Job displacement and crime: Evidence from Norwegian register data," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  12. Andrews, Rodney J. & Deza, Monica, 2018. "Local natural resources and crime: Evidence from oil price fluctuations in Texas," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 123-142.
  13. Entorf Horst, 2009. "Crime and the Labour Market: Evidence from a Survey of Inmates," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 229(2-3), pages 254-269, April.
  14. Ioannis Laliotis, 2016. "Crime and unemployment in Greece: Evidence before and during the crisis," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 5(1), pages 10-16.
  15. Friehe, Tim & Müller, Helge & Neumeier, Florian, 2018. "The effect of Western TV on crime: Evidence from East Germany," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 346-372.
  16. Martin Nordin, 2018. "Does Eligibility for Tertiary Education Affect Crime Rates? Quasi-Experimental Evidence," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 805-829, September.
  17. Brandyn F. Churchill & Andrew Dickinson & Taylor Mackay & Joseph J. Sabia, 2022. "The Effect of E-Verify Laws on Crime," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 75(5), pages 1294-1320, October.
  18. Hope Corman & Naci Mocan, 2015. "Alcohol Consumption, Deterrence and Crime in New York City," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 103-128, June.
  19. Giuliano Bianchi & Yong Chen, 2022. "Testing effects of hospitality employment on property crime in the United States," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(6), pages 1545-1565, September.
  20. Remco van Eijkel & Sander Gerritsen & Klarita Sadiraj & Maroesjka Versantvoort, 2021. "The causal effects of employment on mental health and criminality for disabled workers," CPB Discussion Paper 425, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
  21. Williams, Geoffrey Fain, 2015. "Property crime: Investigating career patterns and earnings," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 124-138.
  22. Vincent Bignon & Eve Caroli & Roberto Galbiati, 2011. "Stealing to Survive: Crime and Income Shocks in 19th Century France," PSE Working Papers halshs-00623804, HAL.
  23. Kangoh Lee, 2018. "Unemployment and crime: the role of apprehension," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 59-80, February.
  24. Tomáš Brabenec & Josef Montag, 2018. "Criminals and the Price System: Evidence from Czech Metal Thieves," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 397-430, June.
  25. Paolo Buonanno & Leopoldo Fergusson & Juan F. Vargas, 2017. "The Crime Kuznets Curve," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 753-782, December.
  26. Dan Brown & Elisabetta De Cao, 2017. "The Impact of Unemployment on Child Maltreatment in the United States," Working Papers 106, "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi.
  27. Fone, Zachary S. & Friedson, Andrew I. & Lipton, Brandy & Sabia, Joseph J., 2020. "The Dependent Coverage Mandate Took a Bite Out of Crime," IZA Discussion Papers 12968, IZA Network @ LISER.
  28. Brett Watson & Mouhcine Guettabi & Matthew Reimer, 2020. "Universal Cash and Crime," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(4), pages 678-689, October.
  29. Amit Ghosh & Salvador Contreras, 2022. "Local Banking Market Frictions and Youth Crime: Evidence from Bank Failures," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 61(1), pages 43-75, February.
  30. Jessica Nguyen & Tue Dinh & Marcus Selart, 2025. "The Predicting Abilities of Social Trust and Good Governance on Economic Crisis Duration," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, March.
  31. Chletsos, Michael & Sintos, Andreas, 2023. "The effects of IMF conditional programs on the unemployment rate," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  32. Hope Corman & Naci H. Mocan, 2013. "Alcohol Consumption, Deterrence and Crime in New York City," NBER Working Papers 18731, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  33. Jean N. Lee & David Newhouse, 2012. "Cognitive Skills and Youth Labor Market Outcomes," World Bank Publications - Reports 12131, The World Bank Group.
  34. Abrams, David S., 2021. "COVID and crime: An early empirical look," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
  35. Mustard, David B., 2010. "How Do Labor Markets Affect Crime? New Evidence on an Old Puzzle," IZA Discussion Papers 4856, IZA Network @ LISER.
  36. Nicholas Le, 2018. "Evaluating Crime as a Negative Externality of Hosting Mega-Events: Econometric Analysis of the 2012 London Summer Olympics," Working Papers 18-01, Department of Economics, West Virginia University.
  37. Gaurav Khanna & Carlos Medina & Anant Nyshadham & Jorge Tamayo & Nicolas Torres, 2023. "Formal Employment and Organised Crime: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Colombia," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(654), pages 2427-2448.
  38. Leiva, Mauricio & Vasquez-Lavín, Felipe & Ponce Oliva, Roberto D., 2020. "Do immigrants increase crime? Spatial analysis in a middle-income country," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  39. Mocan Naci & Unel Bulent, 2017. "Skill-Biased Technological Change, Earnings of Unskilled Workers, and Crime," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(3), pages 1-46, November.
  40. Rafael Dix-Carneiro & Rodrigo R. Soares & Gabriel Ulyssea, 2018. "Economic Shocks and Crime: Evidence from the Brazilian Trade Liberalization," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 10(4), pages 158-195, October.
  41. Deiana, C, 2016. "Local Labour Market Effects of Unemployment on Crime Induced by Trade Shocks," Economics Discussion Papers 16529, University of Essex, Department of Economics.
  42. Jawadi, Fredj & Mallick, Sushanta K. & Idi Cheffou, Abdoulkarim & Augustine, Anish, 2021. "Does higher unemployment lead to greater criminality? Revisiting the debate over the business cycle," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 448-471.
  43. Helen Tauchen, 2010. "Estimating the Supply of Crime: Recent Advances," Chapters, in: Bruce L. Benson & Paul R. Zimmerman (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Crime, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  44. Mahesh Malvika, 2020. "The Effect of Remittances on Crime in India," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, March.
  45. repec:osf:socarx:4vfw7_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  46. Zhang, Yichuan & Shen, Jiezhong & Zhu, Tianyun, 2025. "Unintended negative impact of environmental regulation on public safety: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PB).
  47. Natalia Sypion & Tomasz Michalski & Michael Leitner New title: Influences of Social and Spatial Factors on Crime Patterns in Szczecin & Poland, 2024. "Social and Spatial Determinants of the Spatial Structure of Crime in Szczecin, Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 302-320.
  48. Martin Nordin & Daniel Almén, 2017. "Long-term unemployment and violent crime," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 1-29, February.
  49. Yu Liu & Thomas M. Fullerton Jr. & Nathan J. Ashby, 2013. "Assessing The Impacts Of Labor Market And Deterrence Variables On Crime Rates In Mexico," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 31(4), pages 669-690, October.
  50. Patrick Bennett & Amine Ouazad, 2020. "Job Displacement, Unemployment, and Crime: Evidence from Danish Microdata and Reforms [The Link between Human Capital, Mass Layoffs, and Firm Deaths]," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 18(5), pages 2182-2220.
  51. Corman, Hope & Dave, Dhaval M. & Reichman, Nancy E., 2014. "Effects of welfare reform on women's crime," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-14.
  52. Che, Yi & Xu, Xun & Zhang, Yan, 2018. "Chinese import competition, crime, and government transfers in US," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 544-567.
  53. Dan Brown & Elisabetta De Cao, 2017. "The Impact of Unemployment on Child Maltreatment in the United States," Economics Series Working Papers 837, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  54. Yuan Chen & Zheming Liang & Ciqiao Wang & Zhengle Xu, 2026. "Revisiting the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Crime: A Global Analysis," International Studies of Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(1), pages 9-28, March.
  55. Abel Brodeur & Hasin Yousaf, 2025. "On the Economic Consequences of Mass Shootings," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 107(1), pages 109-124, January.
  56. Baumann, Florian & Friehe, Tim, 2015. "Status concerns as a motive for crime?," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 46-55.
  57. Magaly Faride Herrera Giraldo & Carlos Giovanni GonzÔøΩlez Espitia, 2022. "Understanding the Spatial Relationship Between the Informal Labor Market and Violent Crime in Cali, Colombia," Icesi Economics Working Papers 20344, Universidad Icesi.
  58. repec:ere:journl:v:xxxvii:y:2018:i:2:p:155-176 is not listed on IDEAS
  59. Huang Li-Hsuan & Huang Yu-Tzu, 2015. "Impact of Unemployment on Crime in Europe," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 18(57), pages 3-36, September.
  60. Sieger, Philip, 2013. "Job Losses and Criminal Gains: Analyzing the Effect of Unemployment on Criminal Activity," VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order 79929, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  61. Siwach, Garima, 2018. "Unemployment shocks for individuals on the margin: Exploring recidivism effects," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 231-244.
  62. Altindag, Duha T., 2012. "Crime and unemployment: Evidence from Europe," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 145-157.
  63. Valentin Bolotnyy & Natalia Emanuel & Pim Welle, 2025. "A Danger to Self and Others: Health and Criminal Consequences of Involuntary Hospitalization," Staff Reports 1158, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
  64. Fone, Zachary S. & Sabia, Joseph J. & Cesur, Resul, 2023. "The unintended effects of minimum wage increases on crime," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
  65. Jose Fernandez & Thomas Holman & John V. Pepper, 2014. "The Impact of Living-Wage Ordinances on Urban Crime," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(3), pages 478-500, July.
  66. Aaron Chalfin & Justin McCrary, 2017. "Criminal Deterrence: A Review of the Literature," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(1), pages 5-48, March.
  67. Resul Cesur & Joseph J. Sabia & Erdal Tekin, 2020. "Post-9/11 War Deployments Increased Crime among Veterans," NBER Working Papers 27279, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  68. Povilas Lastauskas & Eirini Tatsi, 2013. "Spatial Nexus in Crime and unemployment in Times of crisis: Evidence from Germany," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1359, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  69. Simen Markussen & Knut Røed, 2016. "Leaving Poverty Behind? The Effects of Generous Income Support Paired with Activation," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 180-211, February.
  70. Magaly Faride Herrera Giraldo & Carlos Giovanni González Espitia & Héctor Ochoa Díaz, 2023. "The spatial and economic relationship between labour informality and homicides in Cali, Colombia," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(5), September.
  71. Jonathan Torres‐Tellez & Alberto Montero Soler, 2023. "After the economic crisis of 2008: Economic conditions and crime in the last decade for the case of Spain," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 82(3), pages 223-239, May.
  72. Axbard, Sebastian & Benshaul-Tolonen, Anja & Poulsen, Jonas, 2021. "Natural resource wealth and crime: The role of international price shocks and public policy," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
  73. Roberto Galbiati & Aurélie Ouss & Arnaud Philippe, 2021. "Jobs, News and Reoffending after Incarceration [Examining the generality of the unemployment–crime association]," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 131(633), pages 247-270.
  74. François Bonnet, 2025. "Less Eligibility, Welfare, and Punishment: The Econometric Evidence," Post-Print halshs-05165960, HAL.
  75. Nguyen,Ha Minh & Nguyen,Huong, 2016. "Unemployment and mortality : evidence from the great recession," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7603, The World Bank.
  76. Dix-Carneiro, Rafael & Soares, Rodrigo R. & Ulyssea, Gabriel, 2016. "Local Labor Market Conditions and Crime: Evidence from the Brazilian Trade Liberalization," IZA Discussion Papers 9638, IZA Network @ LISER.
  77. Li Li & Haoming Liu, 2024. "The minimum wage and cross-community crime disparities," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(2), pages 1-37, June.
  78. Jaewook Byeon & Iljoong Kim & Dongwon Lee, 2018. "Protest and property crime: political use of police resources and the deterrence of crime," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 175(1), pages 181-196, April.
  79. Lastauskas, Povilas & Tatsi, Eirini, 2017. "Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis," Working Paper Series 2/2017, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research.
  80. Ayesh, Abubakr, 2023. "Burned agricultural biomass, air pollution and crime," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
  81. Brugård, Kaja Høiseth & Falch, Torberg, 2013. "Post-compulsory education and imprisonment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 97-106.
  82. Timothy M. Komarek & Scott Loveridge, 2014. "Too Big? Too Small? Just Right? An Empirical Perspective on Local Firm Size Distribution and Economic Growth in U.S. Counties and High-Poverty Rural Regions," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 28(1), pages 28-41, February.
  83. Otsu, Yuki & Yuen, C.Y. Kelvin, 2022. "Health, crime, and the labor market: Theory and policy analysis," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  84. Gunadi, Christian, 2021. "On the Tragedy of Mass Shooting: the Crime Effects," GLO Discussion Paper Series 951, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  85. Lindgren, Petter Y. & Presterud, Ane Ofstad, 2021. "Expanding the Norwegian Armed Forces in the Time of Corona: Benefit-Cost Analysis in the Context of High Unemployment Rate," MPRA Paper 106405, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  86. Lovett Nicholas, 2018. "Food Stamps, Income Shocks, and Crime: Evidence from California," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 18(4), pages 1-19, October.
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  88. Calamunci, Francesca & Lonsky, Jakub, 2022. "Highway to Hell? Interstate Highway System and Crime," IZA Discussion Papers 15800, IZA Network @ LISER.
  89. Blakeslee, David & Chaurey, Ritam & Fishman, Ram & Malghan, Deepak & Malik, Samreen, 2021. "In the heat of the moment: Economic and non-economic drivers of the weather-crime relationship," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 832-856.
  90. Entorf, Horst, 2012. "Certainty and Severity of Sanctions in Classical and Behavioral Models of Deterrence: A Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 6516, IZA Network @ LISER.
  91. Diane Charlton & Alexander James & Brock Smith, 2022. "Seasonal agricultural activity and crime," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(2), pages 530-549, March.
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  93. Richard T. Boylan & Naci H. Mocan, 2009. "Intended and Unintended Consequences of Prison Reform," NBER Working Papers 15535, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  94. Rudolph, Maximilian & Starke, Peter, 2020. "How does the welfare state reduce crime? The effect of program characteristics and decommodification across 18 OECD-countries," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  95. Marloes Lammers & Lucy Kok, 2021. "Are active labor market policies (cost-)effective in the long run? Evidence from the Netherlands," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1719-1746, April.
  96. Satadru Das & Naci Mocan, 2020. "Analyzing The Impact Of The World'S Largest Public Works Project On Crime," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 58(3), pages 1167-1182, July.
  97. Allen Hardiman, 2025. "The Impact of Rainfall‐Induced Income Shocks on Crime: Evidence From Indonesia," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(5), pages 1104-1115, July.
  98. Wang, Wenyi & Worrall, John L. & Chen, Yiyi, 2025. "More than just visitors? Distinguishing the criminogenic effects of casinos from general tourism," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  99. Zachary S. Fone & Joseph J. Sabia & Resul Cesur, 2019. "Do Minimum Wage Increases Reduce Crime?," NBER Working Papers 25647, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  100. Iljoong Kim & Jaewook Byeon, 2017. "Discretionary prosecution of regulatory crimes: disproportionate emphasis and consequences to other serious crimes," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 559-587, October.
  101. Céline Odding & Lucy Kok & Lennart Kroon & Marloes Lammers, 2024. "From Unemployed to Self-Employed: Analysis of Treatment Effects of a Dutch Self-Employment Programme," De Economist, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 49-99, March.
  102. Entorf, Horst & Sieger, Philip, 2014. "Does the Link between Unemployment and Crime Depend on the Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 8334, IZA Network @ LISER.
  103. Clemens, Michael A., 2021. "Violence, development, and migration waves: Evidence from Central American child migrant apprehensions," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  104. Amedeo Argentiero & Bruno Chiarini & Elisabetta Marzano, 2020. "Does Tax Evasion Affect Economic Crime?," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(2), pages 441-482, June.
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