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Why the Referential Treatment? Evidence from Field Experiments on Referrals

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Karthik Muralidharan & Mauricio Romero & Kaspar Wüthrich, 2025. "Factorial Designs, Model Selection, and (Incorrect) Inference in Randomized Experiments," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 107(3), pages 589-604, May.
  2. Gagnon, Nickolas & Bosmans, Kristof & Riedl, Arno, 2020. "The Effect of Unfair Chances and Gender Discrimination on Labor Supply," Research Memorandum 005, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
  3. Osman, Adam & Speer, Jamin D. & Weaver, Andrew, 2022. "Connections, Referrals, and Hiring Outcomes: Evidence from an Egyptian Establishment Survey," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 342-355.
  4. Abebe, Girum & Caria, Stefano & Fafchamps, Marcel & Falco, Paolo & Franklin, Simon & Quinn, Simon & Shilpi, Forhad, 2017. "Matching firms and workers in a field experiment in Ethiopia," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 86572, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  5. Raffaele Miniaci & Michele Pezzoni, 2020. "Social connections and editorship in economics," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 1292-1317, August.
  6. Marc-Andreas Muendler & James E. Rauch & Sergio Mikio Koyama, 2024. "You Can Take Them With You: Recruiting Coworkers to One's Own New Firm," NBER Working Papers 33230, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  7. Fu, Xiaolan & Ghauri, Pervez & Lu, Jianan, 2025. "Digital technology and inclusive development during global crisis: Evidence from a randomised experiment in Bangladesh," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(3).
  8. Baptista, Dulce & Freund, Richard & Novella, Rafael, 2023. "Entrepreneurial skills training for online freelancing: Experimental evidence from Haiti," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
  9. repec:osf:socarx:q8a96_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  10. Afridi, Farzana & Dhillon, Amrita & Sharma, Swati, 2024. "The ties that bind us: Social networks and productivity in the factory," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 470-485.
  11. Matthew O. Jackson, 2025. "Inequality's Economic and Social Roots: the Role of Social Networks and Homophily," Papers 2506.13016, arXiv.org.
  12. Fabo, B., 2017. "Towards an understanding of job matching using web data," Other publications TiSEM b8b877f2-ae6a-495f-b6cc-9, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  13. Lukas Bolte & Nicole Immorlica & Matthew O. Jackson, 2026. "The Role of Referrals in Immobility, Inequality, and Inefficiency in Labor Markets," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 44(2), pages 447-479.
  14. Morgane Laouénan & Roland Rathelot, 2022. "Can Information Reduce Ethnic Discrimination? Evidence from Airbnb," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 107-132, January.
  15. Sheheryar Banuri & Catherine Eckel & Rick K. Wilson, 2022. "Does cronyism pay? Costly ingroup favoritism in the lab," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1092-1110, July.
  16. Dariel, Aurelie & Riedl, Arno & Siegenthaler, Simon, 2019. "Hiring Through Referrals in a Labor Market with Adverse Selection," Research Memorandum 009, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
  17. Koichiro ONISHI & Hideo OWAN, 2022. "Information Advantage or Bias Related to Social Ties: Evidence from a peer review system for national research grants," Discussion papers 22096, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  18. Yulia Evsyukova & Felix Rusche & Wladislaw Mill, 2025. "LinkedOut? A Field Experiment on Discrimination in Job Network Formation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 140(1), pages 283-334.
  19. Emre Ekinci, 2022. "Monetary rewards in employee referral programs," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 90(1), pages 35-58, January.
  20. R. Jason Faberman & Marianna Kudlyak, 2016. "What Does Online Job Search Tell Us about the Labor Market?," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue 1, pages 1-15.
  21. Julie Beugnot & Emmanuel Peterle, 2020. "Gender bias in job referrals: An experimental test," Post-Print hal-04526621, HAL.
  22. Berardi, Nicoletta & Lalanne, Marie & Seabright, Paul, 2018. "Professional networks and their coevolution with executive careers: Evidence from North America and Europe," SAFE Working Paper Series 243, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
  23. David E. Harrington & Jaret Treber, 2020. "Constraining Competition With State Mandated Facility Requirements," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(4), pages 659-674, October.
  24. Park, YeJin & Nault, Kelly & Kuwabara, Ko, 2024. "When brokers don’t broker: Mitigating referral aversion in third-party help exchange," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  25. Martin Chegere & Paolo Falco & Andreas Menzel, 2023. "Social Ties at Work and Effort Choice: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp763, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
  26. Dodini, Samuel & Willén, Alexander, 2025. "The Power to Discriminate," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 10/2025, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
  27. Faberman, R. Jason & Menzio, Guido, 2018. "Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 67-79.
  28. Zahra Murad & Robert Dowell, 2020. "Foreign visa salary requirement and natives’ reservation wages," Working Papers in Economics & Finance 2020-06, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School, Economics and Finance Subject Group.
  29. Gomez-Herrera, Estrella & Mueller-Langer, Frank, 2024. "Does information disclosure affect the gender gap in bidding behavior? Empirical evidence from a natural experiment on a large online labor platform," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  30. Chika O. Okafor, 2020. "Social Networks as a Mechanism for Discrimination," Papers 2006.15988, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2022.
  31. Hederos, Karin & Sandberg, Anna & Kvissberg, Lukas & Polano, Erik, 2025. "Gender homophily in job referrals: Evidence from a field study among university students," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  32. Seung Han Yoo, 2016. "Organizational Design with Non-Contractible Quality," Discussion Paper Series 1604, Institute of Economic Research, Korea University.
  33. Abel,Simon Martin & Burger,Rulof Petrus & Piraino,Patrizio, 2017. "The value of reference letters," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8266, The World Bank.
  34. Chen-Zion, Ayal & Rauch, James E., 2020. "History dependence, cohort attachment, and job referrals in networks of close relationships," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 75-95.
  35. Vittorio Bassi & Aisha Nansamba, 2022. "Screening and Signalling Non-Cognitive Skills: Experimental Evidence from Uganda," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(642), pages 471-511.
  36. Elena Ashtari Tafti & Mimosa Distefano & Tetyana Surovtseva, 2024. "Gender, careers and peers' gender mix," CEP Discussion Papers dp2008, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  37. Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2021. "Hiring Your Friends: Evidence from the Market for Financial Economists," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 74(4), pages 977-1007, August.
  38. Daniel L. Chen & John J. Horton, 2016. "Research Note—Are Online Labor Markets Spot Markets for Tasks? A Field Experiment on the Behavioral Response to Wage Cuts," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 27(2), pages 403-423, June.
  39. Kensuke Sakamoto & Yuya Shimizu, 2025. "Design-Based and Network Sampling-Based Uncertainties in Network Experiments," Papers 2506.22989, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2025.
  40. Dhillon, Amrita & Peeters, Ronald & Bartrum, Oliver & Yüksel, Ayşe Müge, 2020. "Hiring an employee’s friends is good for business: Overcoming moral hazard with social networks," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  41. Dariel, Aurelie & Riedl, Arno & Siegenthaler, Simon, 2021. "Referral hiring and wage formation in a market with adverse selection," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 109-130.
  42. Fazio, Maria Victoria & Freund, Richard & Novella, Rafael, 2025. "Do entrepreneurial skills unlock opportunities for online freelancing? Experimental evidence from El Salvador," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  43. Mitchell Hoffman, 2017. "The value of hiring through employee referrals in developed countries," World of Labour, LISER, pages 369-369, June.
  44. Sam Jones & Kunal Sen, 2022. "Labour market effects of digital matching platforms: Experimental evidence from sub-Saharan Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-69, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  45. Harrington, David, 2018. "Constraining Rivals: The Effect of State-Mandated Facility Requirements on the Locations and Sizes of Funeral Homes," Working Papers 06958, George Mason University, Mercatus Center.
  46. Kim, Hyemin & Fahlenbrach, Rüdiger & Low, Angie, 2023. "CEO networks and the labor market for directors," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-21.
  47. Gürtzgen, Nicole & Pohlan, Laura, 2024. "Do employers learn more from referrals than from other recruitment channels?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  48. Fan, C. Simon & Wei, Xiangdong & Wu, Jia & Zhang, Junsen, 2022. "Observability and peer effects: Theory and evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 847-867.
  49. Chegere, Martin J. & Falco, Paolo & Menzel, Andreas, 2024. "Social ties at work and effort choice: Experimental evidence from Tanzania," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  50. Beugnot, Julie & Peterlé, Emmanuel, 2020. "Gender bias in job referrals: An experimental test," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  51. Peter Q. Blair & Tomas G. Castagnino & Erica L. Groshen & Papia Debroy & Byron Auguste & Shad Ahmed & Fernando Garcia Diaz & Cristian Bonavida, 2020. "Searching for STARs: Work Experience as a Job Market Signal for Workers without Bachelor's Degrees," NBER Working Papers 26844, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  52. Benjamin Lester & David A. Rivers & Giorgio Topa, 2021. "The Heterogeneous Impact of Referrals on Labor Market Outcomes," Working Papers 21-34, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  53. Lalanne, Marie, 2025. "Social networks and job referrals in recruitment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
  54. Kazakova, E. & Sandomirskaia, M. & Suvorov, A. & Khazhgerieva, A. & Shavshin, R., 2023. "Platforms, online labor markets, and crowdsourcing. Part 1. Traditional online labor market," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 60(3), pages 120-148.
  55. Heinz, Matthias & Friebel, Guido & Hoffman, Mitchell & Zubanov, Nick, 2019. "What Do Employee Referral Programs Do?," CEPR Discussion Papers 13770, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  56. Yann Bramoull'e & Kenan Huremovi'c, 2017. "Promotion through Connections: Favors or Information?," Papers 1708.07723, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
  57. Mueller-Langer, Frank & Gómez-Herrera, Estrella, 2022. "Mobility restrictions and the substitution between on-site and remote work: Empirical evidence from a European online labour market," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  58. Mitchell Hoffman & Christopher T. Stanton, 2024. "People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics," NBER Working Papers 32849, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  59. Nicoletta Berardi & Marie Lalanne & Paul Seabright, 2019. "Professional Networks and their Coevolution with Executive Careers," Working papers 723, Banque de France.
  60. Laurel Wheeler & Robert Garlick & Eric Johnson & Patrick Shaw & Marissa Gargano, 2022. "LinkedIn(to) Job Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from Job Readiness Training," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(2), pages 101-125, April.
  61. Odilon Câmara & Nan Jia & Joseph Raffiee, 2023. "Reputation, Competition, and Lies in Labor Market Recommendations," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(11), pages 7022-7043, November.
  62. Evangelos Mourelatos & Nicholas Giannakopoulos & Manolis Tzagarakis, 2022. "Personality traits and performance in online labour markets," Behaviour and Information Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(3), pages 468-484, February.
  63. Adina D. Sterling & Roberto M. Fernandez, 2018. "Once in the Door: Gender, Tryouts, and the Initial Salaries of Managers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(11), pages 5444-5460, November.
  64. Mylius, F., 2023. "Why Personal Ties (Still) Matter: Referrals and Congestion," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2356, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  65. Moreno Galbis, Eva & Wolff, Francois-Charles & Herault, Arnaud, 2020. "How helpful are social networks in finding a job along the economic cycle? Evidence from immigrants in France," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 12-32.
  66. María Paz Espinosa & Jaromír Kovárík & Sofía Ruíz-Palazuelos, 2021. "Are close-knit networks good for employment?," Working Papers 21.06, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics.
  67. Guido Friebel & Matthias Heinz & Mitchell Hoffman & Nick Zubanov, 2023. "What Do Employee Referral Programs Do? Measuring the Direct and Overall Effects of a Management Practice," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 131(3), pages 633-686.
  68. Afridi, Farzana & Dhillon, Amrita, 2022. "Social Networks and the Labour Market," IZA Discussion Papers 15774, IZA Network @ LISER.
  69. Berloffa, Gabriella & Piazzalunga, Daniela & Pieri, Fabio, 2024. "Firm Human Resource Practices and Educational Mismatch," IZA Discussion Papers 17424, IZA Network @ LISER.
  70. Levati, Lorenzo Maria & Lalanne, Marie, 2020. "The impact of job referrals on employment outcomes in top corporate positions," SAFE Working Paper Series 268, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
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