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Bias and Consistency in Three-way Gravity Models

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. David J. Kuenzel, 2023. "Non‐tariff measures: What's tariffs got to do with it?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(1), pages 133-163, February.
  2. Arne J. Nagengast & Fernando Rios‐Avila & Yoto V. Yotov, 2026. "The European single market and intra‐EU trade: an assessment with heterogeneity‐robust difference‐in‐differences methods," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 93(369), pages 298-331, January.
  3. Chris Muris & Cavit Pakel, 2025. "Triadic Network Formation," Papers 2509.26420, arXiv.org.
  4. Javier Flórez Mendoza & Bernhard Moshammer, 2023. "FIW-PB 60 The EU–Mercosur agreement: Expectations and concerns in light of the new geopolitical situation," FIW Policy Brief series 60, FIW.
  5. Jung, Benjamin, 2020. "The heterogeneous effects of China's accession to the world trade organization," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 10-2020, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
  6. Eichenauer, Vera & Wang, Feicheng, 2024. "Mild deglobalization: Foreign investment screening and cross-border investment," Kiel Working Papers 2265, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  7. Zijie Pan & Stepan Gordeev & Jiahui Zhao & Ziyi Meng & Caiwen Ding & Sandro Steinbach & Dongjin Song, 2024. "International Trade Flow Prediction with Bilateral Trade Provisions," Papers 2407.13698, arXiv.org.
  8. Raphael Auer & Ulf Lewrick & Jan Paulick, 2025. "DeFiying gravity? An empirical analysis of cross-border Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoin flows," BIS Working Papers 1265, Bank for International Settlements.
  9. Jin, Jiashun & Ke, Zheng Tracy & Luo, Shengming, 2024. "Mixed membership estimation for social networks," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 239(2).
  10. Stefan Pauly & Fernando Stipanicic, 2022. "The Creation and Diffusion of Knowledge: Evidence from the Jet Age," Working Papers hal-04067326, HAL.
  11. Qingtun Kong & Masaaki Yamada & Chengcheng Yang & Haisong Nie, 2025. "Competition or complementarity? Assessing the interaction effects of RCEP and CPTPP on agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-31, February.
  12. Eichenauer, Vera & Köppl, Stefan & Köppl-Turyna, Monika, 2024. "Investment screening and venture capital," Research Papers 30, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  13. Breinlich, Holger & Corradi, Valentina & Rocha, Nadia & Ruta, Michele & Silva, J.M.C. Santos & Zylkin, Tom, 2021. "Machine learning in international trade research - evaluating the impact of trade agreements," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114379, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  14. Mario Larch & Yoto V. Yotov, 2024. "FIW-PB 64 Regional Trade Agreements: What Do We Know and What Do We Miss?," FIW Policy Brief series 64, FIW.
  15. Fabio Gaetano Santeramo & Emilia Lamonaca, 2022. "On the trade effects of bilateral SPS measures in developed and developing countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(10), pages 3109-3145, October.
  16. Ahn, Soojung & Kim, Dongin & Steinbach, Sandro, 2023. "Global Grain Trade Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War," 2023 Annual Meeting, July 23-25, Washington D.C. 335482, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  17. Roger Vicquéry, 2021. "The Common Currency Effect on International Trade: Evidence from an Accidental Monetary Union," Working papers 856, Banque de France.
  18. Sebastien Bradley & Federico Carril-Caccia & Yoto V. Yotov, 2025. "Reassessing the Effects of Corporate Income Taxes on Mergers and Acquisitions Using Empirical Advances in the Gravity Literature," National Tax Journal, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(4), pages 821-861.
  19. Cosimo Beverelli & Martin T. Braml & Lionel Gérard Fontagné & Alexander Keck & Gianluca Orefice, 2022. "Heterogeneous Trade Effects of Pre-Shipment Inspections," CESifo Working Paper Series 9833, CESifo.
  20. Jeffrey H. Bergstrand & Jordi Paniagua, 2024. "Do Deep Trade Agreements’ Provisions Actually Increase – or Decrease – Trade and/or FDI?," CESifo Working Paper Series 11526, CESifo.
  21. Andrzej Cieślik & Oleg Gurshev, 2023. "Factor Endowments, Economic Integration, Sanctions, and Offshores: Evidence from Inward FDI in Russia," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 65(4), pages 617-649, December.
  22. Dursun, Gökhan, 2023. "The impact of the customs union on the EU – Turkey trade," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 143-163.
  23. Gábor Békés & Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, 2025. "Cultural Homophily and Collaboration in Superstar Teams," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(10), pages 8149-8168, October.
  24. Habibi, Arash, 2025. "Analyzing the carbon pricing-leakage nexus through structural gravity estimation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  25. Claire Brunel & Thomas Zylkin, 2022. "Do cross‐border patents promote trade?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(1), pages 379-418, February.
  26. Soojung Ahn & Dongin Kim & Sandro Steinbach, 2023. "The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on grain and oilseed trade," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 291-299, January.
  27. Sonali Chowdhry & Julian Hinz & Katrin Kamin & Joschka Wanner, 2024. "Brothers in arms: the value of coalitions in sanctions regimes," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 39(118), pages 471-512.
  28. French, Scott & Zylkin, Tom, 2024. "The effects of free trade agreements on product-level trade," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  29. Mariam Camarero & Laura Montolio & Cecilio Tamarit, 2022. "Explaining German outward FDI in the EU: a reassessment using Bayesian model averaging and GLM estimators," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 487-511, February.
  30. Camilo Umana Dajud, 2025. "The Variance of Gravity," Working Papers 2025-12, CEPII research center.
  31. Ahn, Soojung & Steinbach, Sandro, 2022. "COVID-19 Trade Actions and Their Impact on the Agricultural and Food Sector," 2022 Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) Annual Meeting (Virtual), January 7-9, 2022 316789, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  32. Paudel, Nawaraj S. & Lahiri, Sajal, 2024. "The effects of state-level foreign manufacturing imports on domestic inter-state and intra-state sales in the U.S.A," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 297-305.
  33. Reshef, Ariell & Santoni, Gianluca, 2023. "Are your labor shares set in Beijing? The view through the lens of global value chains," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
  34. Sebastián Bustos & Miguel Ángel Santos, 2025. "Beneficiation vs. Knowledge-based: Dead ends and steppingstones to productive diversification," Working Paper Series of the School of Government and Public Transformation 13, School of Government and Public Transformation, Tecnológico de Monterrey.
  35. Valérie Mignon & Blaise Gnimassoun & Carl Grekou, 2024. "The industrial cost of fixed exchange rate regimes," Working Papers hal-04582964, HAL.
  36. Pauly, Stefan & Stipanicic, Fernando, 2021. "The creation and diffusion of knowledge: Evidence from the Jet Age," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2112, CEPREMAP.
  37. Lwin, Wuit Yi & Schaefer, K. Aleks & Hagerman, Amy D., 2024. "Animal disease outbreaks and upstream soybean trade," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  38. Andrzej Cieślik & Oleg Gurshev, 2022. "Friends with or without benefits? An empirical evaluation of bilateral trade and economic integration between some of the post-Soviet economies," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(4), pages 769-795, December.
  39. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H. & Clance, Matthew W. & Santos Silva, J.M.C., 2025. "The tails of gravity: Using expectiles to quantify the trade-margins effects of economic integration agreements," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  40. Thomas Bolli & Guillaume Morlet, 2023. "Does human capital theory govern the relationship between training provision and the business cycle? Evidence from Switzerland," French Stata Users' Group Meetings 2023 26, Stata Users Group.
  41. Dongin Kim & Sandro Steinbach, 2025. "Rising protectionism and foreign direct investment," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 161(2), pages 469-510, May.
  42. Herman, Peter R. & Oliver, Sarah, 2023. "Trade, policy, and economic development in the digital economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  43. Cerqua, Augusto & Montalbano, Pierluigi & Temerbulatova, Zhansaya, 2024. "A decade of Eurasian integration: An ex-post non-parametric assessment of the Eurasian economic union," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  44. Basak Bayramoglu & Jean-François Jacques & Julie Lochard, 2025. "Global value chains: Do they impact the allocation of foreign aid?," Post-Print hal-05417354, HAL.
  45. Georg Schneider & Frank Stähler & Georg U. Thunecke, 2022. "The (Non-)Neutrality of Value-Added Taxation," CESifo Working Paper Series 9663, CESifo.
  46. Lwin, Wuit Yi & Schaefer, K. Aleks, 2024. "Animal Disease Outbreaks and Upstream Soybean Trade," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 343942, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  47. Hinz, Julian & Stammann, Amrei & Wanner, Joschka, 2019. "Persistent zeros: The extensive margin of trade," Kiel Working Papers 2139, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  48. Jochmans, K. & Verardi, V., 2019. "Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Gravity Equations," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1994, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  49. Ahn, Soojung & Steinbach, Sandro, . "Agri-food trade resilience among food-deficit countries during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 26(3).
  50. Carter, Colin A. & Steinbach, Sandro & Zhuang, Xiting, 2022. "Global Shipping Container Disruptions and U.S. Agricultural Exports," Working Papers 320397, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
  51. Fatica Serena & Pycroft Jonathan & Stasio Andrzej & Stöhlker Daniel, 2024. "Economic Effects of Simplified Procedures for Claiming Cross-Border Tax Reliefs," Nordic Tax Journal, Sciendo, vol. 2024(s1), pages 2-24.
  52. Sandro Steinbach & Xiting Zhuang, 2025. "US agricultural exports and the 2022 Mississippi River drought," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(1), pages 289-303, January.
  53. Thais Nunez Rocha & Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Chahir Zaki, 2024. "What Type of Trade is Promoted by Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements?," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 156, pages 207-236.
  54. Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik, 2023. "Services in the India-EU free trade agreement," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
  55. Kox, Henk L.M., 2022. "A micro-macro model of foreign direct investment: knowledge-based gravity forces, self-selection and third-country effects," MPRA Paper 115542, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  56. Sabeer, Vadakke Cholakkakath, 2025. "International migration and trade: A comparative analysis of China and India," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  57. Mario Larch & Yoto V. Yotov, 2024. "Estimating the effects of trade agreements: Lessons from 60 years of methods and data," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(5), pages 1771-1799, May.
  58. Bernard Hoekman & Martina Ferracane & Erik van der Marel van der Marel, 2023. "Digital Trade, Data Protection and EU Adequacy Decisions," RSCAS Working Papers 2023/37, European University Institute.
  59. J. M. C. Santos Silva & Silvana Tenreyro, 2022. "The Log of Gravity at 15," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 21(3), pages 423-437, September.
  60. Harald Oberhofer & Zhenyi Wang, 2025. "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About EU Membership Trade Effects But Were Afraid to Ask," Working Papers 202523, Center for Global Policy Analysis, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
  61. Daniel Czarnowske & Amrei Stammann, 2019. "Fixed Effects Binary Choice Models: Estimation and Inference with Long Panels," Papers 1904.04217, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
  62. Kox, Henk L.M., 2022. "Explaining foreign direct investment patterns: a testable micro-macro gravity model for FDI," MPRA Paper 115273, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  63. Fonseca, Luís & Nikalexi, Katerina & Papaioannou, Elias, 2023. "The globalization of corporate control," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  64. Lamonaca, Emilia & Seccia, Antonio & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2023. "Climate cha(lle)nges in global wine production and trade patterns," MPRA Paper 119296, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  65. Anna D’Ambrosio & Sandro Montresor, 2022. "The pro-export effect of subnational migration networks: new evidence from Spanish provinces," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 158(1), pages 53-107, February.
  66. Díaz-Mora Carmen & Esteve-Pérez Silviano & Gil-Pareja Salvador, 2024. "Exploring the Heterogeneous Impact of Trade Agreements on Trade: Depth Matters," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 18(1), pages 1-13, January.
  67. David J. Kuenzel & Rishi R. Sharma, 2025. "Preferential Trade Agreements and Non-tariff Measures," Wesleyan Economics Working Papers 2025-001, Wesleyan University, Department of Economics.
  68. Lamonaca, Emilia & Bozzola, Martina & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2024. "Climate distance and bilateral trade," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
  69. Wang, Maria & Kuusi, Tero, 2024. "Trade flows, carbon leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  70. Egger, Peter H. & Li, Jie & Ouyang, Jie, 2024. "Taking Grubel and Lloyd to dance in the city: Domestic intra-industry trade in China," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
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  72. Fabien Candau & Geoffroy Guepie & Reine Kouakou, 2018. "In Gravity no Veritas: Dubious Trade Elasticiy and Weak Effects of Regional Trade Agreements in Africa," Working Papers hal-02625930, HAL.
  73. Koen Jochmans & Vincenzo Verardi, 2022. "Instrumental‐variable estimation of exponential‐regression models with two‐way fixed effects with an application to gravity equations," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(6), pages 1121-1137, September.
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  75. Li, Chang & Wang, Chu & Yang, Lianxing & Chu, Baoju, 2023. "Impact of cultural trade on foreign direct investment: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
  76. Cheong, Juyoung, 2023. "Do preferential trade agreements stimulate high-tech exports for low-income countries?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  77. Asanka Wijesinghe & Chathurrdhika Yogarajah, 2022. "Trade Policy Impact on Global Value Chain Participation of the South Asian Countries," Journal of Asian Economic Integration, , vol. 4(1), pages 24-48, April.
  78. Frensch, Richard & Fidrmuc, Jarko & Rindler, Michael, 2023. "Topography, borders, and trade across Europe," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 816-832.
  79. Timo Tohmo & Kari Heimonen & Mika Nieminen, 2021. "Effects of the European Monetary Union on High-Technology Exports," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 251-285, June.
  80. Ahn, Soojung & Steinbach, Sandro, 2023. "The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Supply Chains from the Perspective of Low-Income Food Deficit Countries," 2023 Annual Meeting, July 23-25, Washington D.C. 335922, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  81. Ohyun Kwon & Jangsu Yoon & Yoto Yotov, 2022. "A Generalized Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator," School of Economics Working Paper Series 2022-13, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
  82. Steinbach, Sandro & Tome, Mawuena & Zurita, Carlos, 2025. "Free Trade Agreements and the U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit: Analyzing Past Impacts and Simulating Future Opportunities," 2025 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2025, Denver, CO 361038, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  83. Marczinek, Max & Maurer, Stephan & Rauch, Ferdinand, 2025. "Networks in trade — Evidence from the legacy of the Hanseatic league," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  84. Lionel Fontagné & Nadia Rocha & Michele Ruta & Gianluca Santoni, 2023. "The Economic Impact of Deepening Trade Agreements," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 37(3), pages 366-388.
  85. Carter, Colin A. & Steinbach, Sandro & Zhuang, Xiting, 2022. "Global Container Trade Disruptions and U.S. Agricultural Exports," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322364, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  86. Zhao, Yongzhi & Ji, Changjing & Chen, Yangfen & Zhu, Xueqin, 2024. "Who gains, who loses? – The impact of the belt and road initiative on bilateral agricultural trade," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  87. Shukai Liu & Zhe Chen & Wen Ma & Zhuo Chen & Yunsong Chen, 2025. "Impact of religious cultural similarity on internal migration: a regional perspective in contemporary China," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
  88. Hoch, Felix & Rudsinske, Jonas, 2022. "Institutional discrimination against female managers as a barrier to firm internationalization and international trade," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 1/2022, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
  89. Mnasri, Ayman & Nechi, Salem, 2025. "Heckman-type maximum likelihood estimators of the gravity equation: A Monte Carlo study," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  90. Rudi Purwono & Lilik Sugiharti & Rossanto Dwi Handoyo & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2022. "Trade Liberalization and Comparative Advantage: Evidence from Indonesia and Asian Trade Partners," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, March.
  91. Peiró-Palomino, Jesús & Rodríguez-Crespo, Ernesto & Suárez-Varela, Marta, 2022. "Do countries with higher institutional quality transition to cleaner trade?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
  92. Kuusi, Tero & Wang, Maria, 2022. "Trade Flows, Carbon Leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System," ETLA Working Papers 94, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
  93. Beverly Lapham & Daniel Teeter, 2023. "A Gravity Analysis of Inter-Provincial Trade," Working Paper 1507, Economics Department, Queen's University.
  94. Kim, Dongin & Steinbach, Sandro & Zurita, Carlos, 2024. "Deep trade agreements and agri-food global value chain integration," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  95. Stefan Pauly & Fernando Stipanicic, 2022. "The Creation and Diffusion of Knowledge: Evidence from the Jet Age," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-04067326, HAL.
  96. Anirban Sanyal & Nirvikar Singh & Rolly Kapoor, 2024. "Impacts of the COVID lockdown on household incomes: evidence from Punjab, India," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(1), pages 207-242, January.
  97. Kim, Dongin & Steinbach, Sandro, 2025. "The Impact of the WTO on Virtual Water Trade and Global Water Redistribution," 2025 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2025, Denver, CO 361029, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
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