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Jackknife Inference for Fixed Effects Models

Author

Listed:
  • Ayden Higgins

Abstract

This paper develops a general method of inference for fixed effects models which is (i) automatic, (ii) computationally inexpensive, (iii) tuning parameter-free, and (iv) highly model agnostic. Specifically, we show how to combine a collection of subsample estimators into a jackknife $t$-statistic, from which hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, and $p$-values are readily obtained.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayden Higgins, 2026. "Jackknife Inference for Fixed Effects Models," Papers 2602.21903, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2026.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2602.21903
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ayden Higgins & Koen Jochmans, 2024. "Bootstrap Inference for Fixed‐Effect Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 92(2), pages 411-427, March.
    2. Koen Jochmans & Taisuke Otsu, 2019. "Likelihood Corrections for Two-way Models," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 134, pages 227-242.
    3. Fernández-Val, Iván & Weidner, Martin, 2016. "Individual and time effects in nonlinear panel models with large N, T," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 192(1), pages 291-312.
    4. Geert Dhaene & Koen Jochmans, 2015. "Split-panel Jackknife Estimation of Fixed-effect Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 82(3), pages 991-1030.
    5. Jinyong Hahn & Guido Kuersteiner, 2002. "Asymptotically Unbiased Inference for a Dynamic Panel Model with Fixed Effects when Both "n" and "T" Are Large," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(4), pages 1639-1657, July.
    6. Moon, Hyungsik Roger & Weidner, Martin, 2017. "Dynamic Linear Panel Regression Models With Interactive Fixed Effects," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 33(1), pages 158-195, February.
    7. Jushan Bai, 2009. "Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(4), pages 1229-1279, July.
    8. Jinyong Hahn & David W. Hughes & Guido Kuersteiner & Whitney K. Newey, 2024. "Efficient bias correction for cross‐section and panel data," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 15(3), pages 783-816, July.
    9. Ayden Higgins & Koen Jochmans, 2025. "Inference in dynamic models for panel data using the moving block bootstrap," Papers 2502.08311, arXiv.org.
    10. Hahn, Jinyong & Kuersteiner, Guido, 2011. "Bias Reduction For Dynamic Nonlinear Panel Models With Fixed Effects," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(6), pages 1152-1191, December.
    11. Hughes, David W., 2026. "A jackknife bias correction for nonlinear network data models with fixed effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    12. Geert Dhaene & Koen Jochmans, 2015. "Split-panel Jackknife Estimation of Fixed-effect Models," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 82(3), pages 991-1030.
    13. Javier Alvarez & Manuel Arellano, 2003. "The Time Series and Cross-Section Asymptotics of Dynamic Panel Data Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(4), pages 1121-1159, July.
    14. Weidner, Martin & Zylkin, Thomas, 2021. "Bias and consistency in three-way gravity models," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    15. Jinyong Hahn & Whitney Newey, 2004. "Jackknife and Analytical Bias Reduction for Nonlinear Panel Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(4), pages 1295-1319, July.
    16. Iván Fernández-Val & Martin Weidner, 2018. "Fixed Effects Estimation of Large-TPanel Data Models," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 10(1), pages 109-138, August.
    17. Chen, Mingli & Fernández-Val, Iván & Weidner, Martin, 2021. "Nonlinear factor models for network and panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 220(2), pages 296-324.
    18. Nickell, Stephen J, 1981. "Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1417-1426, November.
    19. Manuel Arellano & Jinyong Hahn, 2016. "A likelihood-Based Approximate Solution to the Incidental Parameter Problem in Dynamic Nonlinear Models with Multiple Effects," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(3), pages 251-274, July.
    20. Gonçalves, Sílvia & Kaffo, Maximilien, 2015. "Bootstrap inference for linear dynamic panel data models with individual fixed effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 186(2), pages 407-426.
    21. Lee, Nayoung & Moon, Hyungsik Roger & Zhou, Qiankun, 2017. "Many IVs estimation of dynamic panel regression models with measurement error," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 200(2), pages 251-259.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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