Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

---

Top JEL
/ J: Labor and Demographic Economics
/ / J6: Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
/ / / J61: Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

---

This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. Migration

2020

• Emmler, Julian & Fitzenberger, Bernd, 2020, "The Role of Unemployment and Job Change When Estimating the Returns to Migration," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13740, Sep.
• Chen, Simiao & Jin, Zhangfeng & Bloom, David E., 2020, "Act Early to Prevent Infections and Save Lives: Causal Impact of Diagnostic Efficiency on the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13749, Sep.
• Edo, Anthony & Ragot, Lionel & Rapoport, Hillel & Sardoschau, Sulin & Steinmayr, Andreas & Sweetman, Arthur, 2020, "An Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13755, Sep.
• Nicodemo, Catia & Barzin, Samira & Lasserson, Daniel S. & Moscone, Francesco & Redding, Stuart & Shaikh, Mujaheed & Cavalli, Nicolò, 2020, "Measuring Geographical Disparities in England at the Time of COVID-19: Results Using a Composite Indicator of Population Vulnerability," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13757, Sep.
• Bamieh, Omar & Ziegler, Lennart, 2020, "How Does the COVID-19 Crisis Affect Labor Demand? An Analysis Using Job Board Data From Austria," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13801, Oct.
• Zorlu, Aslan & van Gent, Wouter, 2020, "Economic Assimilation of the 'Third Generation': An Intergenerational Mobility Perspective on Immigration and Integration," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13855, Nov.
• Lin, Carl & van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana, 2020, "Social Disadvantage and Children's Nutritional Status in Rural-Urban Migrant Households," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13888, Nov.
• Sharma, Rishi & Sparber, Chad, 2020, "Buying Lottery Tickets for Foreign Workers: Search Cost Externalities Induced by H-1B Policy," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13892, Nov.
• Lee, Taehoon & Peri, Giovanni & Viarengo, Martina, 2020, "The Gender Aspect of Immigrants' Assimilation in Europe," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13922, Dec.
• Parsons, Christopher & Reysenbach, Tyler & Wahba, Jackline, 2020, "Network Sorting and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Chaotic Dispersal of the Viet Kieu," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13952, Dec.
• Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre & Bağır, Yusuf Kenan & Cilasun, Seyit Mümin & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2020, "Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13953, Dec.
• Fasani, Francesco & Mazza, Jacopo, 2020, "Being on the Frontline? Immigrant Workers in Europe and the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13963, Dec.
• Dale-Olsen, Harald & Schone, Pal, 2020, "Can Placement of Governmental Sector Jobs Spur Private Sector Employment and Performance?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13993, Dec.
• Orrenius, Pia M. & Zavodny, Madeline, 2020, "An Auctions Approach to Immigration Policy," IZA Policy Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 151, Feb.
• DeVoretz, Don J., 2020, "Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom: A Short Note on the Multidimensional Benefits of Chinese Immigrants to Canada," IZA Policy Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 152, Mar.
• Fasani, Francesco & Mazza, Jacopo, 2020, "Immigrant Key Workers: Their Contribution to Europe's COVID-19 Response," IZA Policy Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 155, Apr.
• Osea Giuntella, 2020, "Do immigrants improve the health of native workers?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 102-102, December.
• Pieter Bevelander, 2020, "Integrating refugees into labor markets," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 269-269, September.
• Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, 2020, "Skill-based immigration, economic integration, and economic performance," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 1-41, June.
• Katrín Ólafsdóttir, 2020, "The labor market in Iceland, 2000–2018," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 474-474, April.
• Tim Hatton, 2020, "European asylum policy before and after the migration crisis," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 480-480, September.
• Michael Irlacher & Michael Koch, 2020, "Working from home, wages, and regional inequality in the light of COVID-19," Economics working papers, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria, number 2020-08, Apr.
• Deniz ŞİŞMAN, 2020, "The Role Of China In Globalization: A New Hegemon?," JOURNAL OF LIFE ECONOMICS, Holistence Publications, volume 7, issue 1, pages 103-122, January, DOI: 10.15637/jlecon.7.007.
• Sara Signorelli, 2020, "Do Skilled Migrants Compete with Native Workers? Analysis of a Selective Immigration Policy," 2020 Papers, Job Market Papers, number psi891, Sep.
• Yaghoob Jafari & Wolfgang Britz, 2020, "Brexit: an economy-wide impact assessment on trade, immigration, and foreign direct investment," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 47, issue 1, pages 17-52, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-018-9418-6.
• Joakim Ruist, 2020, "The fiscal aspect of the refugee crisis," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, volume 27, issue 2, pages 478-492, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09585-2.
• Koichi Fukumura & Atsushi Yamagishi, 2020, "Minimum wage competition," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, volume 27, issue 6, pages 1557-1581, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10797-020-09603-8.
• José Alberto Molina, 2020, "Family and Entrepreneurship: New Empirical and Theoretical Results," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, volume 41, issue 1, pages 1-3, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10834-020-09667-y.
• Dominik Buttler & Eva Sierminska, 2020, "Career or Flexible Work Arrangements? Gender Differences in Self-employment in a Young Market Economy," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, volume 41, issue 1, pages 70-95, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10834-020-09668-x.
• Chao Ma & Zhaopeng Qu & Zimeng Xu, 2020, "Internal Migration and Mental Health: An Examination of the Healthy Migration Phenomenon in China," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), volume 39, issue 3, pages 493-517, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11113-019-09552-z.
• Oded Stark & Lukasz Byra, 2020, "Can a deportation policy backfire?," Public Choice, Springer, volume 183, issue 1, pages 29-41, April, DOI: 10.1007/s11127-019-00685-5.
• Mats Hammarstedt & Chizheng Miao, 2020, "Self-employed immigrants and their employees: evidence from Swedish employer-employee data," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, volume 18, issue 1, pages 35-68, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11150-019-09446-1.
• Andreas Beerli & Jan Ruffner & Michael Siegenthaler & Giovanni Peri, 2020, "The Abolition of Immigration Restrictions and the Performance of Firms and Workers: Evidence from Switzerland," KOF Working papers, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, number 20-486, Aug, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000432769.
• Raj Kumar Bhattarai, 2020, "Higher Education Reforms in Nepal: Review, Reflection, and Requisition," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, volume 4, issue 1, pages 151-178, July.
• Dhruba Bhandari, 2020, "Are Households Utilizing Remittance on Quality Education? An Empirical Study from Nepal," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, volume 4, issue 1, pages 179-195, July.
• Mauro Caselli & Paolo Falco, 2020, "As long as they are cheap. Experimental evidence on the demand for migrant workers," Discussion Papers, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics, number 20-06, Sep.
• Sameh Hallaq, 2020, "The Palestinian Labor Market over the Last Three Decades," Economics Working Paper Archive, Levy Economics Institute, number wp_976, Nov.
• Fackler, Thomas A. & Giesing, Yvonne & Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya, 2020, "Knowledge remittances: Does emigration foster innovation?," Munich Reprints in Economics, University of Munich, Department of Economics, number 84758.
• Sergio Parra Cely & Clotilde Mahé, 2020, "Does Internal Displacement Affect Educational Achievement in Host Communities?," DEM Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg, number 20-05.
• Yutao Han & Patrice Pieretti, 2020, "On tax competition, international migration, and occupational choice," DEM Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg, number 20-07.
• Michel Beine, 2020, "Age, Desires and the Implicit Role of Out-Selection Factors of International Migration," DEM Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg, number 20-22.
• Piera Bello, 2020, "The environmental cost and the accident externality of driving: Evidence from the Swiss franc’s appreciation," IdEP Economic Papers, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, number 2001, Apr.
• Ashraful Alam & Indranil Dutta & M. Emranul Haque & Ricardo Nogales, 2020, "Impact of Rohingya Refugees on Food Prices in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Economics Discussion Paper Series, Economics, The University of Manchester, number 2007, Jun, revised Apr 2022.
• Arjola Arapi-Gjini & Judith Möllers & Thomas Herzfeld, 2020, "Measuring Dynamic Effects of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality with Evidence from Kosovo," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 58, issue 4, pages 283-308, July, DOI: 10.1080/00128775.2020.1720517.
• Johannes Holler & Philip Schuster, 2020, "Long-Run Fiscal Consequences of Refugee Migration - The Case of Austria," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, volume 76, issue 3, pages 266-310, DOI: 10.1628/fa-2020-0009.
• Francesco Campo & Mariapia Mendola & Andrea Morrison & Gianmarco Ottaviano, 2020, "Immigrant Inventors and Diversity in the Age of Mass Migration," Working Papers, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, number 446, Jun, revised Jun 2020.
• Arthur Grimes & Shaan Badenhorst & David C. Maré & Jacques Poot, 2020, "Hometown wh?nau or big city millennials? The economic geography of graduate destination choices in New Zealand," Motu Working Papers, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, number 20_04, Apr.
• Benjamin Davies & David C. Maré, 2020, "Delineating functional labour market areas with estimable classification stabilities," Motu Working Papers, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, number 20_08, Sep.
• Arun K. Srinivasan & Kathleen G. Arano & Janardhanan A. Alse, 2020, "Explaining Change in County Unemployment Rates in Indiana during the Great Recession and Beyond," Journal of Economic Insight, Missouri Valley Economic Association, volume 46, issue 2, pages 1-19.
• Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2020, "The heterogeneous employment outcomes of first- and second-generation immigrants in Belgium," Working Paper Research, National Bank of Belgium, number 381, Jan.
• Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr, 2020, "Immigration Policy Levers for US Innovation and Start-Ups," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Innovation and Public Policy".
• Shalise Ayromloo & Benjamin Feigenberg & Darren Lubotsky, 2020, "States Taking the Reins? Employment Verification Requirements and Local Labor Market Outcomes," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26676, Jan.
• Brian K. Kovak & Rebecca Lessem, 2020, "How do U.S. Visa Policies Affect Unauthorized Immigration?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26790, Feb.
• Andreas Ferrara & Price V. Fishback, 2020, "Discrimination, Migration, and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from World War I," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26936, Apr.
• Jonathan I. Dingel & Brent Neiman, 2020, "How Many Jobs Can be Done at Home?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26948, Apr.
• Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr, 2020, "Immigration Policy Levers for US Innovation and Startups," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27040, Apr.
• Konrad B. Burchardi & Thomas Chaney & Tarek Alexander Hassan & Lisa Tarquinio & Stephen J. Terry, 2020, "Immigration, Innovation, and Growth," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27075, May.
• Joseph Price & Christian vom Lehn & Riley Wilson, 2020, "The Winners and Losers of Immigration: Evidence from Linked Historical Data," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27156, May.
• George J. Borjas & Hugh Cassidy, 2020, "The Adverse Effect of the COVID-19 Labor Market Shock on Immigrant Employment," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27243, May.
• William J. Collins, 2020, "The Great Migration of Black Americans from the US South: A Guide and Interpretation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27268, May.
• Yannay Spitzer & Gaspare Tortorici & Ariell Zimran, 2020, "International Migration Responses to Modern Europe’s Most Destructive Earthquake: Messina and Reggio Calabria, 1908," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27506, Jul.
• Britta Glennon, 2020, "How Do Restrictions on High-Skilled Immigration Affect Offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B Program," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27538, Jul.
• Benjamin Balsmeier & Lee Fleming & Matt Marx & Seungryul Ryan Shin, 2020, "Startups, Unicorns, and the Local Inflow of Inventors," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27605, Jul.
• Wenquan Liang & Ran Song & Christopher Timmins, 2020, "Frictional Sorting," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27643, Aug.
• Yuan Tian & Maria Esther Caballero & Brian K. Kovak, 2020, "Social Learning along International Migrant Networks," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27679, Aug.
• Giovanni Peri & Derek Rury & Justin C. Wiltshire, 2020, "The Economic Impact of Migrants from Hurricane Maria," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27718, Aug.
• Anna Maria Mayda & Francesc Ortega & Giovanni Peri & Kevin Y. Shih & Chad Sparber, 2020, "Coping with H-1B Shortages: Firm Performance and Mitigation Strategies," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27730, Aug.
• Elizabeth U. Cascio & Ethan G. Lewis, 2020, "Opening the Door: Immigrant Legalization and Family Reunification in the United States," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27874, Oct.
• Dany Bahar & Prithwiraj Choudhury & Britta Glennon, 2020, "An Executive Order Worth $100 Billion: The Impact of an Immigration Ban’s Announcement on Fortune 500 Firms’ Valuation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27997, Oct.
• Joshua D. Gottlieb & Avi Zenilman, 2020, "When Workers Travel: Nursing Supply During COVID-19 Surges," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28240, Dec.
• Smirnykh, L. & Polaykova, E., 2020, "Income and the integration of migrants in the Russian labour market," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 47, issue 3, pages 84-104, DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2020-47-3-4.
• Merab Putkaradze & George Abuselidze & Landa Putkaradze, 2020, "Political And Social-Economic Aspects Of Changes In Age And Gender Structure Of Population Of Georgia," Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics, SOUTH-WEST UNIVERSITY "NEOFIT RILSKI", BLAGOEVGRAD, volume 17, issue 1, pages 89-98.
• Yuan Tian & Maria Esther Caballero & Brian K. Kovak, 2020, "Social learning along international migrant networks," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, GEP, number 2020-12.
• Augustin de Coulon & Richmond Egyei & Jonathan Wadsworth, 2020, "Immigration Stocks and Flows, APS and Electoral Register Data," Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE) Discussion Papers, Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE), number ESCoE DP-2020-13, Jul.
• Haruki Seitani & Ben Westmore, 2020, "Technological diffusion and managing the associated economic transitions in Ireland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1610, Jun, DOI: 10.1787/ca48dd68-en.
• Mikkel Hermansen, 2020, "Anti-competitive and regulatory barriers in the United States labour market," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1627, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/38649656-en.
• Douglas Sutherland, 2020, "Modernising state-level regulation and policies to boost mobility in the United States," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1628, Nov, DOI: 10.1787/a06a959b-en.
• Damien Azzopardi & Fozan Fareed & Patrick Lenain & Douglas Sutherland, 2020, "Why are some U.S. cities successful, while others are not? Empirical evidence from machine learning," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1643, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/7f77c2e7-en.
• Damien Azzopardi & Fozan Fareed & Mikkel Hermansen & Patrick Lenain & Douglas Sutherland, 2020, "The decline in labour mobility in the United States: Insights from new administrative data," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1644, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/9af7f956-en.
• Hansjörg Blöchliger & Roland Tusz, 2020, "Regional development in Lithuania: A tale of two economies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1650, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/5d6e3010-en.
• Lenka Drazanova & Thomas Liebig & Silvia Migali & Marco Scipioni & Gilles Spielvogel, 2020, "What are Europeans’ views on migrant integration?: An in-depth analysis of 2017 Special Eurobarometer “Integration of immigrants in the European Union”," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 238, Feb, DOI: 10.1787/f74bf2f5-en.
• Rohen d’Aiglepierre & Anda David & Charlotte Levionnois & Gilles Spielvogel & Michele Tuccio & Erik Vickstrom, 2020, "A global profile of emigrants to OECD countries: Younger and more skilled migrants from more diverse countries," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 239, Feb, DOI: 10.1787/0cb305d3-en.
• Ricardo Espinoza & Laura Reznikova, 2020, "Who can log in? The importance of skills for the feasibility of teleworking arrangements across OECD countries," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 242, Jun, DOI: 10.1787/3f115a10-en.
• ANDRICA Nicoleta & GIURGIU Adriana & FORA Andreea-Florina, 2020, "Italy €“ The Country With The Largest Number Of Romanian Emigrants," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 439-445, July.
• Anderson, Dylan & Hesketh, Rachel & Kleinman, Mark & Portes, Jonathan, 2020, "Global City in a Global Pandemic: Assessing the Ongoing Impact of COVID Induced Trends on London’s Economic Sectors," SocArXiv, Center for Open Science, number 7m286, Jul, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/7m286.
• , Stone Center & Davis, Jonathan & Mazumder, Bhashkar, 2020, "The Decline in Intergenerational Mobility After 1980," SocArXiv, Center for Open Science, number evfcx, Mar, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/evfcx.
• Ludovica Giua, 2020, "Removing the wall around welfare: What do We learn from A8 immigrants in the UK?," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, volume 35, issue 102, pages 305-356.
• Frédéric Docquier & Riccardo Turati & Jérôme Valette & Chrysovalantis Vasilakis, 2020, "Birthplace diversity and economic growth: evidence from the US states in the Post-World War II period
  [Cultural diversity and economic growth: evidence from the US during the age of mass migration]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 20, issue 2, pages 321-354.
• Rasmus Bode & Guido Buenstorf & Dominik P Heinisch, 2020, "Proximity and learning: evidence from a post-WW2 intellectual reparations program
  [Gone but not forgotten: knowledge flows, labor mobility, and enduring social relationships]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 20, issue 3, pages 601-628.
• Joel Blit & Mikal Skuterud & Jue Zhang, 2020, "Can skilled immigration raise innovation? Evidence from Canadian Cities
  [Explaining the deteriorating entry earnings of Canada’s immigrant cohorts: 1966-2000]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 20, issue 4, pages 879-901.
• Piera Bello, 2020, "Exchange rate effects on cross-border commuting: evidence from the Swiss–Italian border
  [Migration with endogenous moving costs]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 20, issue 4, pages 969-1001.
• Benedikt Herz & Thijs van Rens, 2020, "Accounting for Mismatch Unemployment," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, volume 18, issue 4, pages 1619-1654.
• Daniel Crown & Alessandra Faggian & Jonathan Corcoran, 2020, "High skilled immigration and the occupational choices of native workers: the case of Australia," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 72, issue 3, pages 585-605.
• David Escamilla-Guerrero & Moramay Lopez-Alonso, 2020, "Migrant self-selection in the presence of random shocks. Evidence from the Panic of 1907," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number _179, Apr.
• David Escamilla-Guerrero & Edward Kosack & Zachary Ward, 2020, "Life after Crossing the Border: Assimilation during the First Mexican Mass Migration," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number _183, Oct.

2019

• Violaine Faubert, 2019, "Why Has Labour Market Participation Not Fully Recovered in Ireland since the Recession?," European Economy - Economic Briefs, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission, number 051, Nov.
• Kalee Burns & Julie L. Hotchkiss, 2019, "Migration Constraints and Disparate Responses to Changing Job Opportunities," FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, number 2019-1, Feb, DOI: 10.29338/wp2019-01.
• Jack DeWaard & Janna Johnson & Stephan D. Whitaker, 2019, "Internal Migration in the United States: A Comprehensive Comparative Assessment of the Consumer Credit Panel," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 18-04R, Jun, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-201804r.
• Pia M. Orrenius & Madeline Zavodny, 2019, "Do Immigrants Threaten U.S. Public Safety?," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 1905, Aug, DOI: 10.24149/wp1905.
• Patrick Coate & Pawel Krolikowski & Mike Zabek, 2019, "Parental Proximity and Earnings After Job Displacements," Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 2019-062, Aug, DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2019.062.
• Mike Zabek, 2019, "Local Ties in Spatial Equilibrium," Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 2019-080, Nov, DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2019.080.
• Fabian Eckert & Mads Hejlesen & Conor Walsh, 2019, "The Return to Big City Experience: Evidence from Danish Refugees," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 24, Aug, DOI: 10.21034/iwp.24.
• Gizem Koşar & Tyler Ransom & Wilbert Van der Klaauw, 2019, "Understanding migration aversion using elicited counterfactual choice probabilities," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 883, Apr.
• Sebastian Heise & Tommaso Porzio, 2019, "Spatial Wage Gaps and Frictional Labor Markets," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 898, Oct.
• Gerald A. Carlino & Albert Salz, 2019, "Beautiful City: Leisure Amenities and Urban Growth," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 19-16, Mar, DOI: 10.21799/frbp.wp.2019.16.
• Sanghoon Lee & Seung Jung Lee & Jeffrey Lin, 2020, "The Well-Being of Nations: Estimating Welfare from International Migration," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 19-33, Jan, DOI: 10.21799/frbp.wp.2019.33.
• Patrick Coate & Kyle Mangum, 2019, "Fast Locations and Slowing Labor Mobility," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 19-49, Dec, DOI: 10.21799/frbp.wp.2019.49.
• Esteban Rossi-Hansberg & Pierre-Daniel G. Sarte & Felipe Schwartzman, 2019, "Cognitive Hubs and Spatial Redistribution," Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, number 19-16, Sep.
• Nicolas Morales, 2019, "High-Skill Migration, Multinational Companies, and the Location of Economic Activity," Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, number 19-20, Dec.
• Ivana Fellini & Raffaele Guetto, 2019, "Legal Status and Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes: Comparative Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Western and Southern Europe," Econometrics Working Papers Archive, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Statistica, Informatica, Applicazioni "G. Parenti", number 2019_11, Oct.
• Bobylev Yuri & Bozhechkova Alexandra & Trunin Pavel & Tsukhlo Sergey & Florinskaya Yulia & Mkrtchian Nikita, 2019, "Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-economic Development," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 12, pages 1-16, July.
• Khromov Mikhail & Tsukhlo Sergey & Florinskaya Yulia & Mkrtchian Nikita & Dobrolyubova E. & Yuzhakov V. & Mkrtchyan N., 2019, "Monitoring of Russia`s Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-economic Development," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 5, pages 1-18, April.
• Bobylev Yuri & Bozhechkova Alexandra & Trunin Pavel & Tsukhlo Sergey & Florinskaya Yulia & Mkrtchian Nikita, 2019, "Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-economic Development," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 12, pages 1-16, July.
• Khromov Mikhail & Tsukhlo Sergey & Florinskaya Yulia & Mkrtchian Nikita & Dobrolyubova E. & Yuzhakov V., 2019, "Monitoring of Russia`s Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-economic Development," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 6, pages 1-17, April.
• Burdyak Alexandra & Grishina Elena & Eliseeva Marina & Lyashok Viktor & Maleva Tatiana & Mkrtchian Nikita & Florinskaya Yulia & Seredkina E. & Khasanova Ramilya, 2019, "The households’ income, poverty and income inequality in Russia in 2018," Published Papers, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, number ppaper-2019-981, revised 2019.
• Chambru, Cédric, 2019, "Weather shocks, poverty and crime in 18th-century Savoy," Working Papers, University of Geneva, Paul Bairoch Institute of Economic History, number unige:120722.
• Rai, Khushbu, 2019, "Mapping the contemporary patterns in intra-regional migration: A comparative analysis of selected Pacific Island countries and Caribbean Island nations," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, volume 9, issue 2, pages 176-194.
• Marie Connolly & Miles Corak & Catherine Haeck, 2019, "Intergenerational Mobility between and within Canada and the United States," Working Papers, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, number 19-02, Apr.
• Nurul Komari, 2019, "Factors Affecting the Intention of Millennial Workers in Indonesia to Leave," GATR Journals, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise, number jber173, Jun.
• Timothy J. Halliday & Randall Q. Akee & Tetine Sentell & Megan Inada & Jill Miyamura, 2019, "The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Medical Utilization in a Vulnerable Population: Evidence from COFA Migrants," Working Papers, University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa, number 2019-1, Apr.
• Majah-Leah V. Ravago & Arlan Zandro I. Brucal & James Roumasset & Jan Carlo Punongbayan, 2019, "The Role of Electricity Prices in Structural Transformation: Evidence from the Philippines," Working Papers, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics, number 201904, Feb.
• Timothy J. Halliday & Tetine Sentell & Megan Inada & Randall Q. Akee & Jill Miyamura, 2019, "The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Medical Utilization in a Vulnerable Population: Evidence from COFA Migrants," Working Papers, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics, number 201905, Mar.
• Frédéric Docquier & Riccardo Turati & Jérôme Valette & Chrysovalantis Vasilakis, 2020, "Birthplace diversity and economic growth: evidence from the US states in the Post-World War II period," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number hal-02865160, Mar, DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbz016.
• Sekou Keita & Jérôme Valette, 2019, "Natives’ Attitudes and Immigrants’ Unemployment Durations," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number hal-02865203, Apr, DOI: 10.1007/s13524-019-00777-3.
• Eric Rougier, 2019, "The volatility effect of diaspora’s location," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02273196, DOI: 10.1111/twec.12773.
• Simone Bertoli & Frédéric Docquier & Hillel Rapoport & Ilse Ruyssen, 2019, "Weather shocks and migration intentions in Western Africa: Insights from a multilevel analysis," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02315013, Oct.
• Eva Moreno-Galbis & Jérémy Tanguy & Ahmed Tritah & Catherine Laffineur, 2019, "Immigrants’ Wage Performance in a Routine Biased Technological Change Era: France 1994-2012," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02349455, Oct, DOI: 10.1111/irel.12245.
• Nathalie Havet & Caroline Bayart & Patrick Bonnel, 2019, "Home-To-Work Mobility of Lyon’s Urban Area Workers: A Temporal Approach (1995-2015)
  [La mobilité domicile-travail des actifs de l’aire urbaine lyonnaise : une approche temporelle (1995-2015)]," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02440063, DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9552.
• Simone Moriconi & Giovanni Peri & Riccardo Turati, 2019, "Immigration and voting for redistribution: Evidence from European elections," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02498167, Dec, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101765.
• Simone Moriconi & Giovanni Peri, 2019, "Country-specific preferences and employment rates in Europe," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02498172, Jul, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.03.008.
• Frédéric Docquier & Riccardo Turati & Jérôme Valette & Chrysovalantis Vasilakis, 2020, "Birthplace diversity and economic growth: evidence from the US states in the Post-World War II period," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02865160, Mar, DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbz016.
• Sekou Keita & Jérôme Valette, 2019, "Natives’ Attitudes and Immigrants’ Unemployment Durations," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02865203, Apr, DOI: 10.1007/s13524-019-00777-3.
• Ernest Miguelez, 2019, "Collaborative patents and the mobility of knowledge workers," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03158146, DOI: 10.1016/j.technovation.2019.01.001.
• Clément Bosquet & Henry Overman, 2019, "Why does birthplace matter so much?," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03193933, Mar, DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2019.01.003.
• Konrad Buchardi & Thomas Chaney & Tarek Hassan, 2019, "Migrants, Ancestors and Foreign Investments," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03260190, Jul, DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdy044.
• Marco Caliendo & Deborah A Cobb-Clark & Juliane Hennecke & Arne Uhlendorff, 2019, "Locus of control and internal migration," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04354679, Nov, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.103468.
• Hippolyte d'Albis & Ekrame Boubtane & Dramane Coulibaly, 2019, "Immigration and public finances in OECD countries," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02072531, Feb, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2018.12.003.
• Hippolyte d'Albis & Ekrame Boubtane & Dramane Coulibaly, 2019, "International Migration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence from France," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02076535, Mar, DOI: 10.1177/0160017617749283.
• Olivier Dagnelie & Anna Maria Mayda & Jean-François Maystadt, 2019, "The labor market integration of refugees in the United States: Do entrepreneurs in the network help?," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02084459, Jan, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.10.001.
• Sergei Guriev & Biagio Speciale & Michele Tuccio, 2019, "How Do Regulated and Unregulated Labor Markets Respond to Shocks? Evidence from Immigrants During the Great Recession," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02087840, Mar, DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewy017.
• Alexia Lochmann & Hillel Rapoport & Biagio Speciale, 2019, "The effect of language training on immigrants’ economic integration: Empirical evidence from France," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02096347, Apr, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.01.008.
• Anthony Edo & Hillel Rapoport, 2019, "Minimum wages and the labor market effects of immigration," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02301124, Dec, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101753.
• Esther Mirjam Girsberger & Romuald Méango & Hillel Rapoport, 2020, "Regional migration and wage inequality in the West African economic and monetary union," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02491701, Jun, DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2019.10.002.
• Hillel Rapoport, 2019, "Diaspora Externalities," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-02491720, Aug, DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2019-0005.
• Julie Beugnot & Olivier Charlot & Guy Lacroix, 2019, "Does promoting homeownership always damage labour market performances?," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-03682834, Jul, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-018-0637-x.
• Hippolyte d'Albis & Ekrame Boubtane & Dramane Coulibaly, 2019, "Immigration and public finances in OECD countries," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02072531, Feb, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2018.12.003.
• Hippolyte d'Albis & Ekrame Boubtane & Dramane Coulibaly, 2019, "International Migration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence from France," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02076535, Mar, DOI: 10.1177/0160017617749283.
• Sergei Guriev & Biagio Speciale & Michele Tuccio, 2019, "How Do Regulated and Unregulated Labor Markets Respond to Shocks? Evidence from Immigrants During the Great Recession," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02087840, Mar, DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewy017.
• Alexia Lochmann & Hillel Rapoport & Biagio Speciale, 2019, "The effect of language training on immigrants’ economic integration: Empirical evidence from France," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02096347, Apr, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.01.008.
• Anthony Edo & Hillel Rapoport, 2019, "Minimum wages and the labor market effects of immigration," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02301124, Dec, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101753.
• Esther Mirjam Girsberger & Romuald Méango & Hillel Rapoport, 2020, "Regional migration and wage inequality in the West African economic and monetary union," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02491701, Jun, DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2019.10.002.
• Hillel Rapoport, 2019, "Diaspora Externalities," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-02491720, Aug, DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2019-0005.
• Konrad Buchardi & Thomas Chaney & Tarek Hassan, 2019, "Migrants, Ancestors and Foreign Investments," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-03260190, Jul, DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdy044.
• Sergei Guriev & Biagio Speciale & Michele Tuccio, 2019, "How Do Regulated and Unregulated Labor Markets Respond to Shocks? Evidence from Immigrants During the Great Recession," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number halshs-02087840, Mar, DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewy017.
• Catherine Laffineur & Eva Moreno-Galbis & Jérémy Tanguy & Ahmed Tritah, 2019, "Immigrants' Wage Performance in a Routine BiasedcTechnological Change Era: France 1994-2012," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02334055, Oct.
• Michal Burzynski & Christoph Deuster & Frédéric Docquier & Jaime de Melo, 2019, "Climate Change, Inequality, and Human Migration," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02394518, Sep.
• Isabelle Chort & Maëlys de La Rupelle, 2019, "Managing the Impact of Climate on Migration: Evidence from Mexico," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02938034, Jun.
• Eva Moreno-Galbis, 2019, "Risky Working Conditions: An Immigrant Trap or an Income Effect?," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02053438, Feb.
• Morgan Raux, 2019, "Looking for the "Best and Brightest": Hiring difficulties and high-skilled foreign workers," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02364921, Nov.
• Ingwersen, Kai & Thomsen, Stephan L, 2019, "The Immigrant-Native Wage Gap in Germany Revisited," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-653, May.
• Nina Boberg-Fazlić & Paul Sharp, 2019, "Immigrant Communities and Knowledge Spillovers: Danish-Americans and the Development of the Dairy Industry in the United States," Working Papers, European Historical Economics Society (EHES), number 0155, Jun.
• Ruist, Joakim, 2019, "The fiscal lifetime cost of receiving refugees," Working Papers in Economics, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics, number 751, Feb.
• Gidehag, Anton, 2019, "Firms’ labor cost savings and recruitment of nonwestern immigrants: The unintended effect of a payroll tax reform," HFI Working Papers, Institute of Retail Economics (Handelns Forskningsinstitut), number 5, Dec.
• Herzfeld Olsson, Petra, 2019, "Equal treatment for highly qualified labour migrants," Working Paper Series, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, number 2019:14, Jun.
• Henrekson, Magnus & Öner, Özge & Sanandaji, Tino, 2019, "The Refugee Crisis and the Reinvigoration of the Nation State: Does the European Union Have a Common Asylum Policy?," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1265, Feb, revised 23 Aug 2019.
• Wennström, Johan & Öner, Özge, 2019, "Political Hedgehogs: The Geographical Sorting of Refugees in Sweden," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1266, Feb, revised 27 Mar 2020.
• Hardoy, Inés & Zhang, Tao, 2019, "The long and winding road - Labour market integration of refugees in Norway," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 8/2019, Sep.
• Joyce , Patrick, 2019, "Labor market Integration of Refugees in Scandinavia after 2015," Ratio Working Papers, The Ratio Institute, number 319, Feb.
• Borowiecki, Karol Jan & Graddy, Kathryn, 2019, "Immigrant Artists: Enrichment or Displacement?," Discussion Papers on Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Economics, number 4/2019, Feb.
• Eliasson, Kent & Westerlund, Olle, 2019, "Graduate migration, self-selection and urban wage premiums across the regional hierarchy," Umeå Economic Studies, Umeå University, Department of Economics, number 962, Oct.
• Eliasson, Kent & Haapanen, Mika & Westerlund, Olle, 2019, "Regional concentration of university graduates: The role of high school grades and parental background," Umeå Economic Studies, Umeå University, Department of Economics, number 966, Nov.
• Gizem Kosar & Tyler Ransom & Wilbert van der Klaauw, 2019, "Understanding Migration Aversion using Elicited Counterfactual Choice Probabilities," Working Papers, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group, number 2019-037, Jun.
• Jason Fletcher & Jinho Kim & Jenna Nobles & Stephen Ross & Irina Shaorshadze, 2019, "The Effects of Foreign-Born Peers in US High Schools and Middle Schools," Working Papers, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group, number 2019-082, Dec.
• Knörr, Marlene & Weber, Enzo, 2019, "Arbeitsmarkt und Arbeitskräftemobilität in der deutsch-französischen Grenzregion," IAB-Discussion Paper, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], number 201905.
• Jaschke, Philipp & Keita, Sekou, 2019, "Say it like Goethe: Language learning facilities abroad and the self-selection of immigrants," IAB-Discussion Paper, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], number 201914, Jul.
• Lang, Julia, 2019, "Berufsbezogene Sprachförderung erhöht die Beschäftigungschancen deutlich," IAB-Forum, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], volume 2019, issue 03|Mar, pages 1-13.01.
• Lang, Julia, 2019, "Berufsbezogene Sprachförderung erhöht die Beschäftigungschancen deutlich," IAB-Forum, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], volume 2019, issue 03 (März), pages 20190313-20.
• Lang, Julia, 2019, "Berufsbezogene Sprachförderung erhöht die Beschäftigungschancen deutlich," IAB-Forum, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], volume 2019, issue 2019-03-1, pages 20190313-20.
• Dimitrios Exadactylos & Massimo Riccaboni & Armando Rungi, 2019, "Talents from Abroad. Foreign Managers and Productivity in the United Kingdom," Working Papers, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, number 01/2019, Dec, revised Dec 2019.
• Massimo Bordignon & Matteo Gamalerio & Edoardo Slerca & Gilberto Turati, 2019, "Stop invasion! The electoral tipping point in anti-immigrant voting," Working Papers, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB), number 2019/11.
• Simone Moriconi & Giovanni Peri, 2019, "Country-Specific Preferences and Employment Rates in Europe," Working Papers, IESEG School of Management, number 2019-EQM-04, Jan.
• Jacob Funk Kirkegaard & Gonzalo Huertas, 2019, "The Economic Benefits of Latino Immigration: How the Migrant Hispanic Population’s Demographic Characteristics Contribute to US Growth," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP19-3, Feb.
• Joséphine Leuba, 2019, "Natural amenities and the spatial distribution of Swiss income," IRENE Working Papers, IRENE Institute of Economic Research, number 19-04, Aug.
• Marco Pecoraro & Anita Manatschal & Eva G. T. Green & Philippe Wanner, 2019, "Does integration policy improve labour market, sociocultural and psychological adaptation of asylum-related immigrants? Evidence from Sri Lankans in Switzerland," IRENE Working Papers, IRENE Institute of Economic Research, number 19-08, Nov.
• Paulone, Sara & Ivlevs, Artjoms, 2019, "Emigration and Alcohol Consumption among Migrant Household Members Staying Behind: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12075, Jan.
• Murard, Elie, 2019, "The Impact of Migration on Family Left Behind: Estimation in Presence of Intra-Household Selection of Migrants," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12094, Jan.
• Furtado, Delia & Papps, Kerry L. & Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos, 2019, "Who Goes on Disability When Times Are Tough? The Role of Social Costs of Take-Up Among Immigrants," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12097, Jan.
• Ransom, Tyler, 2019, "Labor Market Frictions and Moving Costs of the Employed and Unemployed," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12139, Feb.
• Brown, J. David & Earle, John S. & Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min, 2019, "Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Innovation in the U.S. High-Tech Sector," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12190, Feb.
• Brunello, Giorgio & Lodigiani, Elisabetta & Rocco, Lorenzo, 2019, "Does Low Skilled Immigration Increase Profits? Evidence from Italian Local Labour Markets," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12226, Mar.
• Chort, Isabelle & de la Rupelle, Maëlys, 2019, "Managing the Impact of Climate on Migration: Evidence from Mexico," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12227, Mar.
• Wei, Xiahai & Fang, Tony & Jiao, Yang & Li, Jiahui, 2019, "Language Premium Myth or Fact: Evidence from Migrant Workers of Guangdong, China," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12248, Mar.