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Biased teachers and gender gap in learning outcomes: Evidence from India

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  • Rakshit, Sonali
  • Sahoo, Soham

Abstract

We investigate the effect of stereotypical beliefs of teachers on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes of secondary school students in two states of India. We measure teacher’s bias through an index capturing teacher’s subjective beliefs about the role of gender in academic performance. We tackle the potential endogeneity of teacher’s subjective beliefs by controlling for teacher fixed effects in a value-added model that includes lagged test scores of students. We find that a standard deviation increase in the biased attitude of the math teacher increases the female disadvantage in math performance by 0.09 standard deviation over an academic year. We also find significant impacts on the gender gap in students’ math attitude, academic self-confidence, and effort as potential mechanisms for the effect on math score. We do not find any significant effect of English teachers’ gender bias on English learning of the students.

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  • Rakshit, Sonali & Sahoo, Soham, 2023. "Biased teachers and gender gap in learning outcomes: Evidence from India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:deveco:v:161:y:2023:i:c:s0304387822001833
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103041
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra de Gendre & Jan Feld & Nicolás Salamanca & Ulf Zölitz, 2023. "Same-sex teacher effects," ECON - Working Papers 438, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised May 2024.
    2. Upasak Das & Karan Singhal, 2021. "Solving it correctly Prevalence and Persistence of Gender Gap in Basic Mathematics in rural India," Papers 2110.15312, arXiv.org.
    3. Cao, Yueming & Wang, Dan & Bai, Yu & Ru, Tong, 2024. "Effect of ethnic stereotype threat on academic performance: Experimental evidence from rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    4. Das, Upasak & Singhal, Karan, 2023. "Solving it correctly: Prevalence and persistence of gender gap in basic mathematics in rural India," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Learning outcomes; Value-added model; Gender; Teachers; Stereotypes; India;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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