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Are Credit Markets Still Local? Evidence from Bank Branch Closings

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Yuan, Kaibin & Li, Wanli & Zhang, Weijun, 2023. "Your next bank is not necessarily a bank: FinTech expansion and bank branch closures," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
  2. Ueda, Kozo, 2024. "Effects of bank branch/ATM consolidations on cash demand: Evidence from bank account transaction data in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  3. Karen Y. Jang, 2020. "Corporate Assets and Enhancing Firm Value: Evidence from the Market for Bank Branches in the US," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 57(3), pages 253-286, June.
  4. Petach, Luke & Weiler, Stephan & Conroy, Tessa, 2021. "It’s a wonderful loan: local financial composition, community banks, and economic resilience," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  5. Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz & Wnuczak, Paweł, 2021. "Which local markets do banks desert first? evidence from poland," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
  6. Branzoli, Nicola & Rainone, Edoardo & Supino, Ilaria, 2024. "The role of banks’ technology adoption in credit markets during the pandemic," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  7. Santiago Carbó‐Valverde & Pedro J. Cuadros‐Solas & Francisco Rodríguez‐Fernández & José Juan Sánchez‐Béjar, 2024. "Digital innovation and de‐branching in the banking industry: Customer perception and satisfaction," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 15(S1), pages 8-20, March.
  8. Kilian Huber, 2021. "Are Bigger Banks Better? Firm-Level Evidence from Germany," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 129(7), pages 2023-2066.
  9. Natalie Cox & Ernest Liu & Daniel Morrison, 2021. "Market Power in Small Business Lending: A Two-Dimensional Bunching Approach," Working Papers 2021-27, Princeton University. Economics Department..
  10. Arestis, Philip & Phelps, Peter, 2025. "Financial cooperatives and poverty mitigation during Brazil’s lost decade," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
  11. Prateek Sharma, 2026. "Bank branch proximity and deposit rate dynamics," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-22, January.
  12. Victor Aguirregabiria & Robert Clark & Hui Wang, 2019. "The Geographic Flow of Bank Funding and Access to Credit: Branch Networks, Local Synergies, and Competition," Working Papers tecipa-639, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
  13. Lucas A. Mariani & Jose Renato Haas Ornelas & Bernardo Ricca, 2023. "Banks’ Physical Footprint and Financial Technology Adoption," Working Papers Series 576, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
  14. Jens Hagendorff & Nhan Le & Duc Duy Nguyen, 2022. "The Walls Have Ears: Local Information Environments and Corporate Fraud," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(8), pages 2377-2410, December.
  15. Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta & Sushanta Mallick, 2025. "Financial Access and Entrepreneurship by Gender: Evidence from Rural India," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 729-754, February.
  16. Yang, Keer, 2025. "Trust as an entry barrier: Evidence from FinTech adoption," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
  17. Minhae Kim, 2023. "Unintended effects of broadband grants on bank branches," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 90(2), pages 389-413, October.
  18. Joseph Kuehn, 2020. "Strategic Complementarities in Bank Branching Decisions," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(4), pages 640-692, December.
  19. Wang, Xiuhua & Wang, Yipeng & Zhao, Yaxiong, 2022. "Financial permeation and rural poverty reduction Nexus: Further insights from counties in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  20. Carlos F. Avenancio-León & Alessio Piccolo & Leslie Sheng Shen, 2024. "Self-reinforcing Glass Ceilings," Working Papers 24-14, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  21. Kerr, Sari Pekkala & Kerr, William R. & Nanda, Ramana, 2022. "House prices, home equity and entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. census micro data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 103-119.
  22. Guo, Lin & Zhu, Huzhou & Zhang, Chunyuan & Liu, Ying & Yang, Chunxiao, 2024. "Does improved credit access promote pollution reduction? The role of bank proximity," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 78-97.
  23. Oliver Rehbein & Simon Rother, 2020. "The Role of Social Networks in Bank Lending," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 033, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
  24. Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Zigan Wang, 2020. "Bank Networks and Acquisitions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(11), pages 5216-5241, November.
  25. Cruz-García, Paula & Peiró-Palomino, Jesús, 2023. "Does bank branch density reduce income inequality in the Spanish provinces?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PD).
  26. John Kandrac, 2021. "Can the Federal Reserve Effectively Target Main Street? Evidence from the 1970s Recession," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  27. Sugata Marjit & Pranab Kumar Das, 2024. "Sources of Finance and Growth," CESifo Working Paper Series 11446, CESifo.
  28. Nirupama Kulkarni & Kanika Mahajan & S.K. Ritadhi, 2023. "Banking the Underbanked: Capital Investment and Credit-Constrained Firms," Working Papers 93, Ashoka University, Department of Economics, revised 26 Dec 2024.
  29. Meslier, Céline & Rehault, Pierre-Nicolas & Sauviat, Alain & Yuan, Dian, 2022. "Benefits of local banking in local economic development: Disparities between micro firms and other SMEs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  30. Heng Chen & Matthew Strathearn, 2020. "A Spatial Model of Bank Branches in Canada," Staff Working Papers 20-4, Bank of Canada.
  31. Lee, Junyong & Lee, Kyounghun & Oh, Frederick Dongchuhl, 2024. "Religion and branch banking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  32. Anne Duquerroy & Clément Mazet-Sonilhac & Jean-Stéphane Mésonnier & Daniel Paravisini, 2022. "Bank Local Specialization," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03812807, HAL.
  33. Sergio A. Correia & Stephan Luck & Emil Verner, 2025. "Supervising Failing Banks," Working Paper 25-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
  34. Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Qilin Peng & Wensi Xie, 2020. "Communication within Banking Organizations and Small Business Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(12), pages 5750-5783.
  35. Qing Hu & Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Mingzhu Tai, 2025. "Credit Market Conditions and Mental Health," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(3), pages 1967-1987, March.
  36. J. Michael Collins & Jeff Larrimore & Carly Urban, 2021. "Does Access to Bank Accounts as a Minor Improve Financial Capability? Evidence from Minor Bank Account Laws," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-075, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  37. Olivia Bordeu & Gustavo González & Marcos Sorá, 2025. "Bank Competition and Investment Costs across Space," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 1042, Central Bank of Chile.
  38. Giuseppina Damiana Costanzo & Marianna Succurro & Francesco Trivieri, 2023. "Banking diversity and firms’ exit: A study on Italian data," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 33(5), pages 1537-1570, November.
  39. Baumgartner, Simon & Stomper, Alex & Schober, Thomas & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2022. "Banking on Snow: Bank Capital, Risk, and Employment," IHS Working Paper Series 43, Institute for Advanced Studies.
  40. Carlos F. Avenancio-León & Leslie Sheng Shen, 2021. "The Intangible Gender Gap: An Asset Channel of Inequality," International Finance Discussion Papers 1322, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  41. Scott W. Hegerty, 2021. "Bank Density, Population Density, and Economic Deprivation Across the United States," Papers 2105.07823, arXiv.org.
  42. Drexler, Alejandro & Guettler, Andre & Taskin, Ahmet Ali, 2023. "Competition between arm’s length and relational lenders: Who wins the contest?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  43. Iconio Garrì, 2019. "The effects of bank branch closures on credit relationships," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1254, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  44. João Granja & Nuno Paixao, 2021. "Market Concentration and Uniform Pricing: Evidence from Bank Mergers," Staff Working Papers 21-9, Bank of Canada.
  45. Li, Shigang & Peng, Fanjia & Wu, Binzhen & Yang, Longjian, 2025. "Closing the information gap: Tax data sharing and small business finance," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
  46. Panagiotis Avramidis & George Pennacchi & Konstantinos Serfes & Kejia Wu, 2022. "The Role of Regulation and Bank Competition in Small Firm Financing: Evidence from the Community Reinvestment Act," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(8), pages 2301-2340, December.
  47. Martin Andersson & Johan E. Eklund & Alexandra Tsvetkova, 2023. "Spatial variations in financial constraints of SMEs—evidence from firm-level estimates of investment-cash flow sensitivities in Sweden," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1683-1698, April.
  48. Santiago Carbo-Valverde & Héctor Pérez Saiz & Hongyu Xiao, 2023. "Geographical and Cultural Proximity in Retail Banking," Staff Working Papers 23-2, Bank of Canada.
  49. Panagiotis Avramidis & Nikolaos Mylonopoulos & George G. Pennacchi, 2022. "The Role of Marketplace Lending in Credit Markets: Evidence from Bank Mergers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 3090-3111, April.
  50. Zhou, Nan & Sun, Ruohan & Li, Yuan & Zhang, Longyao, 2025. "Joint effect of digital transformation and bank branch establishment on rural economic growth," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  51. Julia Fonseca & Adrien Matray, 2022. "Financial Inclusion, Economic Development, and Inequality: Evidence from Brazil," Working Papers 308, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
  52. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  53. Vatsa, Prithu, 2025. "Do minority banks matter?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  54. Joan Calzada & Xavier Fageda & Fernando Martínez-Santos, 2023. "Mergers and bank branches: two decades of evidence from the USA," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(5), pages 2411-2447, May.
  55. Granja, João & Leuz, Christian, 2024. "The death of a regulator: Strict supervision, bank lending, and business activity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  56. Allen N. Berger & Maryann P. Feldman & W. Scott Langford & Raluca Roman, 2023. ""Let Us Put Our Moneys Together": Minority-Owned Banks and Resilience to Crises," Working Papers 23-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  57. James R. Barth & Min Gu & Arunima Paul, 2025. "US Bank Geographical Expansion and Impact on Funding Costs," Auburn Economics Working Paper Series auwp2025-08, Department of Economics, Auburn University.
  58. Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta & Sushanta Mallick, 2023. "Does Social Identity Constrain Rural Entrepreneurship? The Role of Financial Inclusion," IEG Working Papers 460, Institute of Economic Growth.
  59. Paolo Emilio Mistrulli & Luca Antelmo & Maddalena Galardo & Iconio Garrì & Dario Pellegrino & Davide Revelli & Vito Savino, 2019. "Why do banks close? The geography of branch pruning," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 540, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  60. Cynthia Sin Tian Ho & Mats Wilhelmsson, 2022. "Geographical accessibility to bank branches and its relationship to new firm formation in Sweden via multiscale geographically weighted regression," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 42(2), pages 191-218, August.
  61. Das, Abhiman & Ghani, Ejaz & Grover, Arti & Kerr, William & Nanda, Ramana, 2024. "JUE insight: Infrastructure and Finance: Evidence from India’s GQ highway network," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  62. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  63. Anna Burova & Kristina Virovets & Denis Koshelev & Ekaterina Petreneva & Alexey Ponomarenko, 2024. "Community Banking in Russia," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series wps139, Bank of Russia.
  64. Berger, Allen N. & Molyneux, Phil & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Banks and the real economy: An assessment of the research," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  65. Scott W. Hegerty, 2022. "Banking Deserts," City Size, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in Medium and Large U.S. Cities," Papers 2203.03069, arXiv.org.
  66. Papoutsi, Melina, 2021. "Lending relationships in loan renegotiation: evidence from corporate loans," Working Paper Series 2553, European Central Bank.
  67. Christoph Herpfer & Aksel Mjøs & Cornelius Schmidt, 2023. "The Causal Impact of Distance on Bank Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 723-740, February.
  68. Eduardo G. Minuci & Zachary Rodriguez, 2024. "Does uniqueness matter for community banks?," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(4), pages 947-977, December.
  69. Maddalena Galardo & Iconio Garrì & Paolo Emilio Mistrulli & Davide Revelli, 2021. "The geography of banking: Evidence from branch closings," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(1), February.
  70. Liang, Shuo & Moreira, Fernando & Lee, Joosung, 2025. "Bank geographic diversification and market competition," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  71. Gustavo Joaquim & Felipe Netto & José Renato Haas Ornelas, 2022. "Government Banks and Interventions in Credit Markets," Working Papers 22-20, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  72. Tatsuru Kikuchi, 2025. "Nonparametric Identification of Spatial Treatment Effect Boundaries: Evidence from Bank Branch Consolidation," Papers 2510.13148, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2025.
  73. Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Wensi Xie, 2021. "Geographic Diversification and Banks’ Funding Costs," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 2657-2678, May.
  74. Hossain, Monzur & Yoshino, Naoyuki & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "Optimal branching strategy, local financial development, and SMEs’ performance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 421-432.
  75. Benetton, Matteo & Fantino, Davide, 2021. "Targeted monetary policy and bank lending behavior," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 404-429.
  76. Daniel R. Ringo, 2020. ""Revitalize or Stabilize": Does Community Development Financing Work?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-029, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  77. João Granja & Christian Leuz & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2022. "Going the Extra Mile: Distant Lending and Credit Cycles," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(2), pages 1259-1324, April.
  78. Yang, Xiaotong & Zhang, Yuan & Zhu, Bing & Shen, Liding, 2025. "Does distance matter? Geographic proximity to EPBs and corporate environmental investment: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  79. Di, Wenhua & Pattison, Nathaniel, 2023. "Industry Specialization and Small Business Lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  80. Tsuruta, Daisuke, 2023. "Distant lending for regional small businesses using public credit guarantee schemes: Evidence from Japan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 60-76.
  81. Jason Roderick Donaldson & Giorgia Piacentino & Anjan Thakor, 2021. "Intermediation Variety," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(6), pages 3103-3152, December.
  82. Matteo Benetton, 2021. "Leverage Regulation and Market Structure: A Structural Model of the U.K. Mortgage Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(6), pages 2997-3053, December.
  83. Liebersohn, Jack, 2024. "How does competition affect retail banking? Quasi-experimental evidence from bank mergers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  84. Heng Chen & Matthew Strathearn & Marcel Voia, 2021. "Consumer Cash Withdrawal Behaviour: Branch Networks and Online Financial Innovation," Staff Working Papers 21-28, Bank of Canada.
  85. Traversa, Marina & Vuillemey, Guillaume, 2025. "Entry in banking markets," SAFE Working Paper Series 461, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
  86. Klonner, Stefan & Xie, Min, 2025. "Financial inclusion through more rural banks?," VfS Annual Conference 2025 (Cologne): Revival of Industrial Policy 325440, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  87. Kikuchi, Tatsuru, 2025. "Nonparametric Identification of Spatial Treatment Effect Boundaries: Evidence from Bank Branch Consolidation," MPRA Paper 126730, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  88. Oberfield, Ezra & Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban & Trachter, Nicholas & Wenning, Derek, 2024. "Banks in Space," CEPR Discussion Papers 18981, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Ezra Oberfield & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg & Nicholas Trachter & Derek Wenning, 2025. "Banks in Space," Working Paper 25-03, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
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  89. Flavia Alves, 2024. "The impact of information and communication technologies on banks, credit, and savings: an examination of Brazil," BIS Working Papers 1174, Bank for International Settlements.
  90. Ryan Pardue & Taylor Shelton, 2025. "Banks on a plane: The possibilities and limits of spatial accessibility measures for understanding geographies of financial exclusion," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 57(2-3), pages 325-345, May.
  91. Hasan, Iftekhar & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Jagiełło, Robert & Kowalewski, Oskar & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2021. "Local banks as difficult-to-replace SME lenders: Evidence from bank corrective programs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  92. Gisbert, Josep & Gutierrez, Jose E., 2024. "Bridging the gap? A theoretical analysis of the net effect of FinTech entry on access to credit," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
  93. Erel, Isil & Liebersohn, Jack, 2022. "Can FinTech reduce disparities in access to finance? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(1), pages 90-118.
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  95. Sin Tian Ho, Cynthia & Wilhelmsson, Mats, 2019. "Accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in Sweden," Working Paper Series 19/8, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Banking and Finance.
  96. Valentina Hartarska & Jingfang Zhang & Denis A. Nadolnyak, 2023. "Scope economies from rural and urban microfinance services," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 89(4), pages 1138-1167, April.
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  98. Keil, Jan & Ongena, Steven, 2024. "The demise of branch banking – Technology, consolidation, bank fragility," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  99. Chi-Young Choi & Yu Zhang & Michelle Hummel & Qin Qian, 2025. "Reassessing the economic impacts of Hurricane Harvey on Texas: a closer look with granular analyses," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(5), pages 5921-5945, March.
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  128. Mohammed Alyakoob & Mohammad S. Rahman & Zaiyan Wei, 2021. "Where You Live Matters: Local Bank Competition, Online Marketplace Lending, and Disparity in Borrower Benefits," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(4), pages 1390-1411, December.
  129. Beck, Anne & Doerr, Sebastian, 2023. "The financial origins of regional inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 18685, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  130. Anders Kärnä & Agostino Manduchi & Andreas Stephan, 2021. "Distance still matters: Local bank closures and credit availability," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(4), pages 1503-1510, December.
  131. Kristina Hrehova & Stefan Domonkos, 2022. "Proximity to Help Matters: The Effect of Access to Centers of Legal Aid on Bankruptcy Rates," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp728, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
  132. Mariani, Lucas A. & Haas Ornelas, José Renato & Ricca, Bernardo, 2023. "Banks’ Physical Footprint and Financial Technology Adoption," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12812, Inter-American Development Bank.
  133. Johannes F. Wieland & Mu‐Jeung Yang, 2020. "Financial Dampening," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(1), pages 79-113, February.
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  135. Hartarska, Valentina M. & Zhang, Jingfang & Nadolnyak, Denis A., 2023. "Scope Economies from Rural and Urban Microfinance Services," 2023 Annual Meeting, July 23-25, Washington D.C. 335439, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
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