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How to Achieve Growth- and Equity-friendly Fiscal Consolidation?: A Proposed Methodology for Instrument Choice with an Illustrative Application to OECD Countries

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  • Boris Cournède

    (OECD)

  • Antoine Goujard

    (OECD)

  • Álvaro Pina

    (OECD)

Abstract

Despite sustained efforts made in recent years to rein in budget deficits, a majority of OECD countries still face substantial fiscal consolidation needs. The choices made about which spending areas to curtail and which taxes to hike will have implications for near-term activity and long-term growth as well as for equity and the current account. This paper proposes a method for choosing the instruments of consolidation so that they contribute to -- or minimise trade-offs with -- the goals of promoting near-term activity, longterm growth, equity, and global rebalancing. The proposed method is illustrated with detailed simulations for 31 OECD countries which are accompanied by an extensive range of alternative scenarios to confirm the robustness of the findings. The simulations highlight that half of OECD countries can reduce excess debt mainly through moderate adjustments to instruments (such as subsidies, pensions or property taxes) that have at most limited side-effects on other policy objectives. They also show that a smaller number of countries face more difficult choices, having to either make bigger adjustments in areas where spending cuts or tax hikes are least harmful or to rely significantly on consolidation instruments with substantial adverse side-effects. These trade-offs can to a large extent be alleviated through structural reforms in the delivery of public services and in taxation. Comment concilier assainissement budgétaire, croissance et équité ? : Une méthode proposée pour choisir les instruments d'assainissement accompagnée d'un exemple d'application aux pays de l'OCDE Malgré les efforts importants qu’ils ont fournis au cours des dernières années pour réduire les deficits, une majorité des pays de l’OCDE continue de faire face à de larges besoins d’assainissement budgétaire. Les choix effectués s’agissant de la nature des dépenses à réduire et des impôts à augmenter auront des conséquences pour l’activité à court terme, pour la croissance à long terme aussi bien que pour l’équité et le compte courant. Ce document propose une méthode permettant de choisir les instruments de l’assainissement de telles sorte qu’ils soient aussi compatibles que possible avec les objectifs de promouvoir l’activité à court terme, la croissa nce à long terme, l’équité et le rééquilibrage économique équilibres mondial. La méthode proposée est illustrée par une série de simulations détaillées couvrant 31 pays de l’OCDE qui sont accompagnées d’une vaste gamme de scénarios alternatifs afin de vérifier la robustesse des résultats. Les simulations soulignent que la moitié des pays de l’OCDE peuvent réduire leur excès de dette principalement au moyen d’instruments (tels que les subventions, les pensions ou les taxes foncières) qui ont au plus des effets secondaires limités sur les autres objectifs de politique publique. Elles montrent aussi qu’un plus petit nombre de pays de l’OCDE sont confrontés à un choix plus difficile, ayant soit à fournir des efforts plus importants dans les domaines où la réduction des dépenses ou la hausse des taxes sont les moins dommageables, soit à s’appuyer fortement sur les instruments d’assainissement entraînant de notables effets secondaires. Ces arbitrages difficiles peuvent être atténués au moyen de réformes structurelles permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité de la dépense publique et du système fiscal.

Suggested Citation

  • Boris Cournède & Antoine Goujard & Álvaro Pina, 2013. "How to Achieve Growth- and Equity-friendly Fiscal Consolidation?: A Proposed Methodology for Instrument Choice with an Illustrative Application to OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1088, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1088-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k407lwvzkkh-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Marc Fournier, 2016. "The Positive Effect of Public Investment on Potential Growth," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1347, OECD Publishing.
    2. Matus Senaj & Zuzana Siebertova & Norbert Svarda & Jana Valachyova, 2018. "The Evaluation of Fiscal Consolidation Strategies," International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 11(3), pages 39-58.
    3. Álvaro Pina, 2016. "Making public finances more growth and equity-friendly in the euro area," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1316, OECD Publishing.
    4. Marta Rodriguez-Vives & Miguel Angel Gavilan-Rubio, 2021. "An overview of the taxation of residential property: is it a good idea?," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 45(2), pages 283-303.
    5. Debra Bloch & Jean-Marc Fournier & Duarte Gonçalves & Álvaro Pina, 2016. "Trends in Public Finance: Insights from a New Detailed Dataset," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1345, OECD Publishing.
    6. DUMITRESCU, Bogdan Andrei, 2015. "An Optimality Assessment Of The Fiscal Consolidation Process Initiated By Romania In 2010," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 19(1), pages 8-20.
    7. Cardani, Roberta & Menna, Lorenzo & Tirelli, Patrizio, 2020. "The Optimal Policy Mix To Achieve Public Debt Consolidation," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(1), pages 113-129, January.
    8. Debra Bloch & Jean-Marc Fournier, 2018. "The deterioration of the public spending mix during the global financial crisis: Insights from new indicators," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1465, OECD Publishing.
    9. Henrik Braconier & Giuseppe Nicoletti & Ben Westmore, 2015. "Policy challenges for the next 50 years," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2015(1), pages 9-66.
    10. International Monetary Fund, 2015. "Belgium: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2015/071, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Marta Rodriguez-Vives, 2019. "The quality of public finances: where do we stand?," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 8(2), pages 97-105.
    12. Michele Catalano & Emilia Pezzolla, 2015. "The interaction between the labour tax wedge and structural reforms in Italy," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 185-223.
    13. Łukasz Rawdanowicz & Romain Bouis & Kei-Ichiro Inaba & Ane Kathrine Christensen, 2014. "Secular Stagnation: Evidence and Implications for Economic Policy," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1169, OECD Publishing.
    14. Doris Prammer, 2020. "Immovable property: where, why and how should it be taxed? A review of the literature and its implementation in Europe," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 44(4), pages 483-504.
    15. Jean-Marc Fournier & Åsa Johansson, 2016. "The Effect of the Size and the Mix of Public Spending on Growth and Inequality," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1344, OECD Publishing.
    16. Falilou Fall & Debra Bloch & Jean-Marc Fournier & Peter Hoeller, 2015. "Prudent debt targets and fiscal frameworks," OECD Economic Policy Papers 15, OECD Publishing.
    17. Gerdie Everaert & Freddy Heylen & Ruben Schoonackers, 2015. "Fiscal policy and TFP in the OECD: measuring direct and indirect effects," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 605-640, September.
    18. Jeffrey Sommers & Charles Woolfson & Arunas Juska, 2014. "Austerity as a global prescription and lessons from the neoliberal Baltic experiment," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 25(3), pages 397-416, September.
    19. International Monetary Fund, 2014. "Malaysia: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2014/082, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Angelovska Julijana & Časni Anita Čeh, 2022. "The influence of recurrent property income and expenditure on house prices in European Union countries: Evidence from a panel model," Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 8(1), pages 32-40, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    assainissement budgétaire; croissance; déséquilibres mondiaux; equity; fiscal consolidation; global imbalances; growth; income distribution; réforme structurelle; répartition des revenus; structural reforms; équité;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
    • H68 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt

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