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Fiscal Consolidation: Part 4. Case Studies of Large Fiscal Consolidation Episodes

Author

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  • Hansjörg Blöchliger

    (OECD)

  • Dae-Ho Song

    (OECD)

  • Douglas Sutherland

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper provides an analysis of large and sustained fiscal consolidation episodes in OECD countries implemented between 1980 and 2000. It reviews how fiscal policy variables evolved during these episodes, how consolidation was influenced by the wider economic environment, and how the political economy side helped trigger and sustain consolidation efforts. Results suggest that successful consolidation – as measured by deficit reduction and debt stabilisation or decline – was driven by spending cuts and to a lesser extent by revenue increases. Most episodes started on a basis of improving competitiveness following currency depreciation and, in turn, favourable growth prospects, closing output gaps and – with some lag – falling unemployment. Interest rates started to decline two years after consolidation had started, suggesting that it took some time to earn credibility. With regard to political economy, most consolidation episodes were implemented shortly after an election. More than half of the governments that had started consolidation were re-elected, and some even strengthened consolidation efforts after then. In some cases, an incoming government of a different political colour pursued consolidation. Consolidation budgétaire : Partie 4. Études de cas de redressements budgétaires passés de grande envergure Ce document analyse les phases antérieures de corrections budgétaires fortes et durables dans des pays de l’OCDE intervenues entre 1980 et 2000. Il examine l’évolution des variables de la politique budgétaire au cours de ces phases, l’influence de l’environnement économique global sur le redressement budgétaire et le rôle des considérations d’économie politique dans le déclenchement et le maintien des efforts d’assainissement. Les résultats laissent penser qu’un programme de redressement réussi (réduction du déficit et stabilisation ou réduction de la dette) repose sur une contraction des dépenses et, dans une moindre mesure, une augmentation des recettes. La plupart des corrections ont été amorcées alors que la compétitivité s’améliorait à la suite d’une dépréciation de la monnaie, induisant des perspectives de croissance plus favorables, une réduction des écarts de production et, avec un certain décalage, un recul du chômage. Les taux d’intérêt ont commencé à baisser deux ans après le début de la correction, ce qui montre qu’il faut un certain temps pour acquérir une crédibilité. S’agissant d’économie politique, la plupart des corrections ont été engagées peu après une élection. Plus de la moitié des gouvernements qui avaient amorcé un resserrement ont été réélus et certains l’ont même accentué ensuite. Il est arrivé aussi qu’un nouveau gouvernement poursuive l’action de redressement.

Suggested Citation

  • Hansjörg Blöchliger & Dae-Ho Song & Douglas Sutherland, 2012. "Fiscal Consolidation: Part 4. Case Studies of Large Fiscal Consolidation Episodes," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 935, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:935-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9fdf5xptlq-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dorothée Allain-Dupré & Claudia Hulbert & Margaux Vincent, 2017. "Subnational Infrastructure Investment in OECD Countries: Trends and Key Governance Levers," OECD Regional Development Working Papers 2017/05, OECD Publishing.
    2. Abel Bojar, 2016. "The Electoral Advantage of the Left in Times of Fiscal Adjustment," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 103, European Institute, LSE.
    3. Łukasz Rawdanowicz, 2014. "Choosing the pace of fiscal consolidation," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2013(1), pages 91-119.
    4. Moog, Stefan & Raffelhüschen, Bernd, 2013. "Ehrbare Staaten? Die Nachhaltigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen in Europa," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 124, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    5. Boris Cournède & Antoine Goujard & Álvaro Pina, 2013. "How to Achieve Growth- and Equity-friendly Fiscal Consolidation?: A Proposed Methodology for Instrument Choice with an Illustrative Application to OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1088, OECD Publishing.
    6. Douglas Sutherland & Peter Hoeller & Rossana Merola, 2012. "Fiscal Consolidation: Part 1. How Much is Needed and How to Reduce Debt to a Prudent Level?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 932, OECD Publishing.
    7. Athanasios Tagkalakis, 2014. "Discretionary fiscal policy and economic activity in Greece," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 687-712, November.
    8. Weymes, Laura, 2012. "Fiscal Consolidation - Does it deliver?," Economic Letters 07/EL/12, Central Bank of Ireland.
    9. Cristina Manteu, 2012. "On International Policy Coordination and the Correction of Global Imbalances," Working Papers w201214, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    10. Wiese, Rasmus & Jong-A-Pin, Richard & de Haan, Jakob, 2018. "Can successful fiscal adjustments only be achieved by spending cuts?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 145-166.
    11. Robert P. Hagemann, 2012. "Fiscal Consolidation: Part 6. What Are the Best Policy Instruments for Fiscal Consolidation?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 937, OECD Publishing.
    12. Douglas Sutherland & Peter Hoeller & Rossana Merola, 2012. "Fiscal Consolidation: How Much, How Fast and by What Means?," OECD Economic Policy Papers 1, OECD Publishing.
    13. Falilou Fall & Debra Bloch & Jean-Marc Fournier & Peter Hoeller, 2015. "Prudent debt targets and fiscal frameworks," OECD Economic Policy Papers 15, OECD Publishing.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • H60 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - General

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