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COVID-19 and Emerging Markets: A SIR Model, Demand Shocks and Capital Flows

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  • Cem Çakmaklı
  • Selva Demiralp
  • Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan
  • Sevcan Yesiltas
  • Muhammed A. Yildirim

Abstract

We quantify the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 for a small open economy. We use a two country framework combined with a sectoral-SIR model to estimate the effects of collapses in foreign demand and supply. The small open economy suffers from domestic demand and supply shocks due to its own pandemic. In addition, there are external shocks coming from rest of the world (country two). Aggregate exports of the small open economy go down when foreign demand goes down, and aggregate imports suffer from lockdowns in the rest of the world. We calibrate the model to Turkey. Our results show that the optimal policy, which yields the lowest output loss and saves the maximum number of lives, for the small open economy, is an early and globally coordinated full lockdown of 39 days.

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  • Cem Çakmaklı & Selva Demiralp & Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan & Sevcan Yesiltas & Muhammed A. Yildirim, 2020. "COVID-19 and Emerging Markets: A SIR Model, Demand Shocks and Capital Flows," NBER Working Papers 27191, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27191
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    1. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Specific pandemics > Covid-19 > Emerging markets

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    8. Gemici, Eray & Gök, Remzi & Bouri, Elie, 2023. "Predictability of risk appetite in Turkey: Local versus global factors," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    9. Carlos Alba & Gabriel Cuadra & Juan R. Hernandez & Raul Ibarra, 2024. "Capital flows to emerging economies and global risk aversion during the COVID‐19 pandemic," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 2804-2836, July.
    10. Zheng, Huanhuan, 2023. "Sovereign debt responses to the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Domingo Rodríguez Benavides & César Gurrola Ríos & Francisco López Herrera, 2021. "Dependencia de los mercados de valores de Argentina, Brasil y México respecto del estadounidense: Covid19 y otras crisis financieras recientes," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, Julio - S.
    12. David J. Haw & Christian Morgenstern & Giovanni Forchini & Robert Johnson & Patrick Doohan & Peter C. Smith & Katharina D. Hauck, 2022. "Data needs for integrated economic-epidemiological models of pandemic mitigation policies," Papers 2209.01487, arXiv.org.
    13. Cem Cakmakli & Selva Demiralp & Sevcan Yesiltas & Muhammed Ali Yildirim, 2021. "The Role of Obedience and the Rule of Law during the Pandemic," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2103, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
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    JEL classification:

    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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