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Beyond the Labour Income Tax Wedge: The Unemployment-Reducing Effect of Tax Progressivity

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  • Lehmann, Etienne

    (CRED, Université Panthéon Assas Paris 2)

  • Lucifora, Claudio

    (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)

  • Moriconi, Simone

    (IÉSEG School of Management)

  • Van der Linden, Bruno

    (IRES, Université catholique de Louvain)

Abstract

In this paper we argue that, for a given overall level of labour income taxation, a more progressive tax schedule increases employment. From a theoretical point of view, higher progressivity increases overall employment through a wage moderating effect and also because employment of low-paid workers is more elastic to wages. We test these theoretical predictions on a panel of 21 OECD countries over 1998-2008. Controlling for the burden of taxation at the average wage, our estimates suggest that a more progressive tax schedule reduces the unemployment rate and increases the employment rate. These findings are confirmed when we account for the potential endogeneity of both average taxation and progressivity. Overall, our results suggest that policy-makers should not only focus on the detrimental effects of tax progressivity on in-work effort, but also consider the employment-enhancing effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Lehmann, Etienne & Lucifora, Claudio & Moriconi, Simone & Van der Linden, Bruno, 2014. "Beyond the Labour Income Tax Wedge: The Unemployment-Reducing Effect of Tax Progressivity," IZA Discussion Papers 8276, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8276
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    4. Kory Kroft & Kavan Kucko & Etienne Lehmann & Johannes Schmieder, 2020. "Optimal Income Taxation with Unemployment and Wage Responses: A Sufficient Statistics Approach," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 254-292, February.
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    9. European Commission, 2018. "Tax Policies in the European Union: 2018 Survey," Taxation Survey 2018, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
    10. Been-Lon Chen & Chih-Fang Lai, 2016. "Relative effects of labor taxes on employment and working hours: role of mechanisms shaping working hours," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 117(1), pages 49-84, January.
    11. D'ANDRIA Diego & DEBACKER Jason & EVANS Richard W. & PYCROFT Jonathan & ZACHLOD-JELEC Magdalena, 2021. "Taxing income or consumption: macroeconomic and distributional effects for Italy," JRC Working Papers on Taxation & Structural Reforms 2021-13, Joint Research Centre.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    employment; wage moderation; taxation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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