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Unexploited Gains From International Diversification: Patterns Of Portfolio Holdings Around The World

Author

Listed:
  • Tatiana Didier

    (World Bank)

  • Roberto Rigobon

    (MIT and NBER)

  • Sergio L. Schmukler

    (World Bank)

Abstract

Using unique data on mutual fund portfolios with different investment scopes, we study the extent of international diversification. Mutual funds invest in a surprisingly limited number of stocks—about 100. The number of holdings from a given region declines as the investment scope broadens. Moreover, unexploited gains exist from international diversification. Funds that invest globally could achieve better risk-adjusted returns by adding stocks held by more specialized funds within the same family. These findings are not driven by different sectoral allocations, lack of information or instruments, transaction costs, or different tail risks. Instead, organizational factors might play an important role. © 2013 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Tatiana Didier & Roberto Rigobon & Sergio L. Schmukler, 2013. "Unexploited Gains From International Diversification: Patterns Of Portfolio Holdings Around The World," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 95(5), pages 1562-1583, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:restat:v:95:y:2013:i:5:p:1562-1583
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Opazo & Claudio Raddatz & Sergio L. Schmukler, 2015. "Institutional Investors and Long-Term Investment: Evidence from Chile," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 479-522.
    2. Converse, Nathan & Mallucci, Enrico, 2023. "Differential treatment in the bond market: Sovereign risk and mutual fund portfolios," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    3. Raddatz, Claudio & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2012. "On the international transmission of shocks: Micro-evidence from mutual fund portfolios," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 357-374.
    4. Gennaro Bernile & Vineet Bhagwat & Ambrus Kecskés & Phuong‐Anh Nguyen, 2021. "Are the risk attitudes of professional investors affected by personal catastrophic experiences?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 50(2), pages 455-486, June.
    5. Raddatz, Claudio & Schmukler, Sergio L. & Williams, Tomás, 2017. "International asset allocations and capital flows: The benchmark effect," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 413-430.
    6. Nathan Converse & Eduardo Levy-Yeyati & Tomas Williams, 2023. "How ETFs Amplify the Global Financial Cycle in Emerging Markets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 36(9), pages 3423-3462.
    7. Bengui, Julien & Nguyen, Ha, 2016. "Consumption baskets and currency choice in international borrowing," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 287-304.
    8. John Ammer & Sara B. Holland & David C. Smith & Francis E. Warnock, 2012. "U.S. International Equity Investment," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 50(5), pages 1109-1139, December.
    9. Vahagn Galstyan & Adnan Velic, 2018. "International Investment Patterns: the Case of German Sectors," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 665-685, July.
    10. Lustig, Hanno & Stathopoulos, Andreas & Verdelhan, Adrien, 2016. "Nominal Exchange Rate Stationarity and Long-Term Bond Returns," Research Papers 3411, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    11. Martijn A. Boermans & Robert Vermeulen, 2020. "International investment positions revisited: Investor heterogeneity and individual security characteristics," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 466-496, May.
    12. Eduardo Levy-Yeyati & Nathan Converse & Tomas Williams, 2017. "How ETFs Amplify the Global Financial Cycle in Emerging Markets," School of Government Working Papers 2017-12, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
    13. Mr. Gaston Gelos, 2011. "International Mutual Funds, Capital Flow Volatility, and Contagion – A Survey," IMF Working Papers 2011/092, International Monetary Fund.
    14. Ferriani, Fabrizio, 2021. "From taper tantrum to Covid-19: Portfolio flows to emerging markets in periods of stress," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    15. Tatiana Didier & Sergio L Schmukler, 2014. "Debt Markets in Emerging Economies: Major Trends," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 56(2), pages 200-228, June.
    16. Lai, Wan-Ni, 2016. "Do academic investment insights benefit society?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 172-176.
    17. Matteo Maggiori & Brent Neiman & Jesse Schreger, 2020. "International Currencies and Capital Allocation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(6), pages 2019-2066.
    18. Didier, Tatiana & Moretti, Matias & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2015. "The changing patterns of financial integration in Latin America," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7190, The World Bank.
    19. Ilan Cooper & Liang Ma & Paulo Maio, 2022. "What Does the Cross‐Section Tell About Itself? Explaining Equity Risk Premia with Stock Return Moments," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(1), pages 73-118, February.
    20. Converse, Nathan, 2018. "Uncertainty, capital flows, and maturity mismatch," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 260-275.
    21. Ambrocio, Gene & Bui, Dien Giau & Hasan, Iftekhar & Lin, Chih-Yung, 2026. "Pyrrhic diversification: Foreign institutional ownership and stock return sensitivity to the global financial cycle," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 2/2026, Bank of Finland.
    22. Didier, Tatiana & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2013. "The financing and growth of firms in China and India: Evidence from capital markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 111-137.
    23. Hanno Lustig & Andreas Stathopoulos & Adrien Verdelhan, 2013. "The Term Structure of Currency Carry Trade Risk Premia," NBER Working Papers 19623, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    24. Didier, Tatiana & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2013. "Financial development in Latin America and the Caribbean : stylized facts and the road ahead," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6582, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • L20 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - General

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