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ESG Rating Disagreement and Stock Returns

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Jianzhi Wei & Xuesong He & Yawei Wu, 2025. "ESG Performance Empowers Financial Flexibility in Manufacturing Firms—Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-21, January.
  2. Yong Shi & Tongsheng Yao, 2025. "ESG Rating Divergence: Existence, Driving Factors, and Impact Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-26, May.
  3. Horn, Matthias & Oehler, Andreas & Dabbous, Amal & Croutzet, Alexandre, 2025. "The relation between environmental awareness and stock returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  4. Özge Sahin & Karoline Bax & Claudia Czado & Sandra Paterlini, 2022. "Environmental, Social, Governance scores and the Missing pillar—Why does missing information matter?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(5), pages 1782-1798, September.
  5. Foteini I. Pagkalou & Konstantinos I. Liapis & Eleftherios I. Thalassinos, 2024. "Defining the Total CSR Z-Score: A Methodological Approach Using Regulations, Standards and Guidelines Through Application to the Greek Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-28, November.
  6. Zhou, Jian & Lei, Xiaodong, 2025. "ESG rating uncertainty and corporate financial misconduct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  7. Agrawal, Sonakshi & Liu, Lisa Yao & Rajgopal, Shivaram & Sridharan, Suhas A. & Yan, Yifan & Yohn, Teri Lombardi, 2025. "ESG ratings of ESG index providers," Working Papers 363, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
  8. Tu, Qiang & Zuo, Limei & Liang, Anran & Yao, Ye & Liu, Diyi, 2025. "Does ESG rating divergence decrease enterprise productivity? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(PB).
  9. Erhart, Szilárd, 2022. "Take it with a pinch of salt—ESG rating of stocks and stock indices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  10. Dumrose, Maurice & Rink, Sebastian & Eckert, Julia, 2022. "Disaggregating confusion? The EU Taxonomy and its relation to ESG rating," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
  11. Deng, Jianping & Chen, Han & Bai, Yuxin, 2025. "The effect of environmental information disclosure on environmental rating divergence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  12. Minghua Dong & Miaomiao Li & Hongxia Wang & Yuanyuan Pang, 2025. "ESG Disagreement and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 32(1), pages 267-299, March.
  13. Zhi Chen & Zachary Feinstein & Ionut Florescu, 2025. "Identifying Risk Variables From ESG Raw Data Using A Hierarchical Variable Selection Algorithm," Papers 2508.18679, arXiv.org.
  14. Geert Bekaert & Richard Rothenberg & Miquel Noguer, 2023. "Sustainable investment – Exploring the linkage between alpha, ESG, and SDGs," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 3831-3842, October.
  15. Anthony Goerzen & Ari Assche & James X. Zhan & Lifang Zhang, 2025. "From the editors: Global sustainability reporting standards and the future of international business," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(2), pages 125-136, June.
  16. Sirimon Treepongkaruna & Hue Hwa Au Yong & Steen Thomsen & Khine Kyaw, 2024. "Greenwashing, carbon emission, and ESG," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(8), pages 8526-8539, December.
  17. Horn, Matthias & Oehler, Andreas, 2024. "Constructing stock portfolios by sorting on ESG ratings: Does the rating provider matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  18. Muck, Matthias & Schmidl, Thomas, 2024. "Comparing ESG score weighting approaches and stock performance differentiation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  19. Najah Mokhtar & Syukriah Ali & Anita Abu Hassan & Muhammad Maherilham Alias, 2024. "Mapping the Nexus: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of ESG and Financial Performance in the Global Landscape," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(10), pages 228-250, October.
  20. Lou, Zhukun & Li, Sujie & Tong, Jingyi & Zhao, Jing, 2025. "ESG rating disagreement and the cost of equity capital," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  21. Addisu A. Lashitew, 2021. "Corporate uptake of the Sustainable Development Goals: Mere greenwashing or an advent of institutional change?," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 184-200, March.
  22. Chiah, Mardy & Tian, Xiao & Zhong, Angel, 2025. "Nature's impact: Do extreme natural disasters influence retail investors?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
  23. Bae, Kee-Hong & El Ghoul, Sadok & Gong, Zhaoran (Jason) & Guedhami, Omrane, 2021. "Does CSR matter in times of crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  24. Yu, Lianchao & Liu, Donghui & Liu, Qiang & Han, Hongling, 2025. "De-localization of environmental governance and corporate innovation structure: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  25. Li, Ge & Cheng, Yuxiang, 2024. "Impact of environmental, social, and governance rating disagreement on real earnings management in Chinese listed companies," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  26. Davrinche, Grégoire & Filbien, Jean-Yves & Vigneron, Ludovic, 2025. "Do analysts matter for green investment? Evidence from the EU taxonomy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
  27. Mio, Chiara & Fasan, Marco & Costantini, Antonio & Scarpa, Francesco & Fitzpatrick, Aoife Claire, 2024. "Unveiling the consequences of esg rating disagreement: An empirical analysis of the impact on the cost of equity capital," SAFE Working Paper Series 440, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
  28. Ailing Xu & Yuanyuan Su & Yingxin Wang, 2024. "A Study of the Impact Mechanism of Corporate ESG Performance on Surplus Persistence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, August.
  29. Dutta, Sunil & Hwang, Jinsung & Patatoukas, Panos N., 2025. "Fundamentals of carbon emissions scaling: Implications for sector peer comparisons and carbon efficient indexing," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  30. Monia Magnani & Massimo Guidolin & Ian Berk, 2024. "Strong vs. stable: the impact of ESG ratings momentum and their volatility on the cost of equity capital," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(7), pages 666-699, December.
  31. Oehler, Andreas & Horn, Matthias, 2025. "Contemporaneous ESG ratings and idiosyncratic stock risk: Empirical evidence on measures of market consensus and dispersion," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  32. Gardenier, Julius & Lac, Visieu & Ashfaq, Muhammad, 2021. "Risk-adjusted return in sustainable finance: A comparative analysis of European positively screened and best-in-class ESG investment portfolios and the Euro Stoxx 50 index using the Sharpe Ratio," IU Discussion Papers - Business & Management 7/2021, IU International University of Applied Sciences.
  33. Fabrizio Ferriani & Marcello Pericoli, 2024. "ESG risks and corporate viability: insights from default probability term structure analysis," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 892, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  34. Wang, Lei & Sha, Yifan & Li, Yue & Wang, Tongyu, 2025. "The double-edged effects of the ESG rating on analyst forecast performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  35. Alves, Rómulo & Krüger, Philipp & van Dijk, Mathijs, 2025. "Drawing up the bill: Are ESG ratings related to stock returns around the world?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  36. Eric M. Chang & Jo-Han Cheng, 2025. "The Evolution of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance: A Longitudinal Comparative Study on Moderators of Agenda 2030," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-28, September.
  37. Zeng, Qingduo & Xu, Yang & Hao, Mengshu & Gao, Meiqi, 2025. "ESG rating disagreement, volatility, and stock returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  38. Wang, Shaolin & Cheng, Ho Cheung & Wang, Jianli & Yick, Ho Yin, 2025. "The performance of ESG portfolios: Evidence from the Chinese market under COVID-19," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  39. Lihua Zeng & Hao Li & Liyu Lin & Dora Juan Juan Hu & Hui Liu, 2024. "ESG Standards in China: Bibliometric Analysis, Development Status Research, and Future Research Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-24, August.
  40. Lin, Yu-En & Teng, Shi & Yu, Bo & Lam, Keith S.K., 2025. "ESG rating, rating divergence and investment efficiency: International evidence," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  41. Liu, Xiangqiang & Dai, Jiajie & Dong, Xiaohong & Liu, Jia, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement and analyst forecast quality," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
  42. Chiappari, Mattia & Scotti, Francesco & Flori, Andrea, 2025. "Hedging financial risks with a climate index based on EU ETS firms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
  43. Sorooshian, Shahryar, 2025. "Exploration of socio-environmental solutions in the mining industry in comparison to other industries: A data-driven unveiling perceptions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  44. Zhang, Cheng & Zha, Qianyao & Sun, Xun & Chen, Liping, 2024. "Does ESG rating disagreement affect audit opinions?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  45. Li Meiyi & Gan Yufei, 2025. "More Philanthropy, More Consistency? Examining the Impact of Corporate Charitable Donations on ESG Rating Uncertainty," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21.
  46. Cheng, Louis T.W. & Cheong, Tsun Se & Wojewodzki, Michal & Chui, David, 2025. "The effect of ESG divergence on the financial performance of Hong Kong-listed firms: An artificial neural network approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  47. Ballester, Laura & González-Urteaga, Ana & Shen, Long, 2024. "Green bond issuance and credit risk: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  48. Enrico Bernardini & Marco Fanari & Enrico Foscolo & Francesco Ruggiero, 2024. "Environmental data and scores: Lost in translation," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(5), pages 4796-4818, September.
  49. Qian, Binsheng & Poshakwale, Sunil & Tan, Yusen, 2024. "‘E’ of ESG and firm performance: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  50. Chen, Hua & Wang, Zhuang, 2025. "Does ESG rating disagreement affect management tone manipulation?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  51. Rabab Abouarab & Tapas Mishra & Simon Wolfe, 2025. "Spotting Portfolio Greenwashing in Environmental Funds," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 197(4), pages 811-839, April.
  52. Davide Lauria & W. Brent Lindquist & Stefan Mittnik & Svetlozar T. Rachev, 2025. "Environmental, Social and Governance-Valued Portfolio Optimization and Dynamic Asset Pricing," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-33, March.
  53. Koundouri, Phoebe & Landis, Conrad Felix Michel, 2023. "ESG Momentum in International equity returns and the SDG content of financial asset portfolios," MPRA Paper 122005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  54. Danni Yu & Tiantian Meng & Minyu Zheng & Rongyi Ma, 2024. "ESG uncertainty, investor attention and stock price crash risk in China: evidence from PVAR model analysis," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
  55. Yin, Libo & Zhu, Xiaoye & Su, Zhi & Guo, Hongliang, 2025. "Is disagreement beneficial for market efficiency? Evidence from ESG ratings," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  56. Roman Kräussl & Tobi Oladiran & Denitsa Stefanova, 2024. "A review on ESG investing: Investors’ expectations, beliefs and perceptions," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 476-502, April.
  57. Horky, Florian & Pasquali, Andrea & Magazzino, Cosimo, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement portfolios – Evidence from the EuroStoxx 600," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
  58. Xiao, Zhongyi & Shum, Wai Yan & Lai, Fujun & Xiang, Cheng, 2025. "How do firms respond to divergent ESG ratings? The perspective of green innovation," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  59. Salvatore Esposito De Falco & Raffaella Montera & Sabrina Leo & Francesco Laviola & Pietro Vito & Domenico Sardanelli & Gianpaolo Basile & Giulia Nevi & Raffaele Alaia, 2024. "Trends and patterns in ESG research: A bibliometric odyssey and research agenda," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(5), pages 3703-3723, September.
  60. Lee, Nam Gyoung & Han, Seung Hun & Kim, Hyeong Joon, 2024. "Internal monitoring mechanisms and corporate environmental and social performance: Evidence from Korea," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  61. Guerrero, Santiago & Viteri, Juan Pablo, 2025. "What are environmental, social, and governance scores measuring? The role of outcome and impact indicators in ESG scores," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  62. Hu, Kexin & Li, Xingyi & Li, Zhongfei, 2024. "Effect of ESG rating disagreement on stock price informativeness: Empirical evidence from China's capital market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  63. Rosella Giacometti & Gabriele Torri & Marco Bonomelli & Davide Lauria, 2025. "Market-Implied Sustainability: Insights from Funds' Portfolio Holdings," Papers 2510.20434, arXiv.org.
  64. Geng, Yuan & Chen, Jinyu & Liu, Ran, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement and corporate green innovation bubbles: Evidence from Chinese A-share listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
  65. Tristan Jourde & Arthur Stalla-Bourdillon, 2024. "Environmental preferences and sector valuations," Post-Print halshs-04948464, HAL.
  66. Sun, Chenwei & Jin, Justin & Nainar, Khalid & Lobo, Gerald, 2024. "Does firms’ corporate social responsibility reduce crime?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PC).
  67. Li, Yilong & Qiao, Yuqi & Lei, Shaoxin, 2025. "Ripple effect of ESG sentiment: How news stirs the waves in China's A-share market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
  68. Rekha Pillai & Md. Aminul Islam & S. Sreejith & Husam Aldin Al-Malkawi, 2025. "Comparative analysis of environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings: do sectors and regions differ?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 29(1), pages 69-109, March.
  69. Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, Emawtee & Bennett, Scott & Lehnherr, Rob & Zhong, Angel, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement: Implications and aggregation approaches," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  70. Kangqi Jiang & Lulu Chen & Jiayun Li & Xinyi Du, 2025. "The risk effects of corporate digitalization: exacerbate or mitigate?," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
  71. Gucciardi, Gianluca & Ossola, Elisa & Parisio, Lucia & Pelagatti, Matteo, 2025. "Common factors behind companies’ Environmental ratings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  72. Galema, Rients & Gerritsen, Dirk, 2025. "ESG rating changes and stock returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  73. Ming-Fang Lee & Kuang-Hsun Shih & Yi-Hsien Wang & Fu-Ming Lai, 2025. "Quantitative Analysis of ESG Information Value and Policy Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, January.
  74. Chibane, Messaoud & Joubrel, Mathieu, 2024. "The ESG-efficient frontier under ESG rating uncertainty," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  75. Liu, Xiangqiang & Yang, Qingqing & Wei, Kai & Dai, Peng-Fei, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement and idiosyncratic return volatility: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PB).
  76. Bassen, Alexander & Kordsachia, Othar & Lopatta, Kerstin & Tan, Weiqiang, 2025. "Revenue alignment with the EU taxonomy regulation in developed markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  77. Liu, Xiangqiang & Liu, Jiayi & Liu, Jia & Zhai, Qiong, 2024. "Can investor-firm interactions mitigate ESG rating divergence? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  78. Ju, Chunhua & Fang, Xusheng & Shen, Zhonghua, 2025. "ESG rating divergence and stock price crash risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  79. Bachner, Felix, 2025. "Decoding market reactions: Analysis of divergent signals of ESG ratings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  80. Vezeteu Cosmin-Dănuț & Stănciulescu Raluca-Ioana, 2024. "ESG Risks and Financial Performance. Analysis of Romanian-Listed Companies," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 2196-2210.
  81. Wang, Xue & Liu, Qingyuan, 2024. "Information disclosure and ESG rating disagreement: Evidence from green bond issuance in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  82. Lopez, Claude & Contreras, Oscar & Bendix, Joseph, 2020. "Disagreement among ESG rating agencies: shall we be worried?," MPRA Paper 103027, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  83. Li, Qingyuan & Tsang, Albert & Wu, Qiong & Xiong, Xi, 2025. "ESG rating agencies and investors’ reactions to earnings news," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1).
  84. Ma, Ning & Ma, Xue, 2024. "Does the ESG rating promote common prosperity within enterprises?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
  85. Tang, Ning & Chang, Hao-Wen & Lin, Chih-Yung & Lu, Chien-Lin, 2024. "Public's evaluation of ESG and credit default swap: Evidence from East Asian countries," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
  86. Kangqi Jiang & Jie Zhang & Mengling Zhou & Zhongfei Chen, 2025. "ESG disagreement and corporate debt maturity: evidence from China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-39, December.
  87. Otchere, Isaac & Abdulrahman, Adam & Wang, Jun, 2025. "Environmental, social, and governance investing and sustainability of pension funds: Evidence from the organisation for economic cooperation and development countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  88. Kurbus, Barbara & Rant, Vasja, 2025. "A legal origins perspective on ESG rating disagreement," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  89. Liu, Xiangqiang & Peng, Yuling & Li, Qinyang & Wu, Chu-Hua, 2025. "CEO pay structure and ESG rating disagreement," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  90. Ajithakumari Vijayappan Nair Biju & Snehith Jacob Kodiyatt & P. P. Nithi Krishna & Geetha Sreelekshmi, 2023. "ESG sentiments and divergent ESG scores: suggesting a framework for ESG rating," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(12), pages 1-21, December.
  91. Wu, Liangpeng & Tang, Yujing & Meng, Lei & Zhu, Qingyuan & Zhou, Dequn, 2025. "Navigating ESG rating divergence: Implications for labor investment efficiency and firm adaptation strategy," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  92. Nurul Nazlia Jamil & Ersa Tri Wahyuni, 2025. "ESG Score and Carbon Emission: Empirical Evidence in Malaysian Listed Companies," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(15), pages 638-649, May.
  93. Zou, Jin & Cheng, Nanli & Gao, Li & Gong, Chi & Lu, Xiaoye, 2025. "Do bank-enterprise ESG disparities affect corporate ESG performance?1," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  94. Li, Jiaojiao & Zhang, Ying, 2025. "Does ESG rating divergence affect the disclosure behavior of key audit matters?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  95. Liu, Dianhao & Zhou, Jun, 2025. "Do ESG rating changes matter? Evidence from Chinese stock market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  96. Michele Rubino & Ilaria Mastrorocco & Giovanni Maria Garegnani, 2024. "The influence of market and institutional factors on ESG rating disagreement," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(5), pages 3916-3926, September.
  97. Manuel Rosinus & Jan Lansky, 2025. "Predictive Power of ESG Factors for DAX ESG 50 Index Forecasting Using Multivariate LSTM," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, September.
  98. Nakagawa, Kei & Morita, Keisuke & Sakemoto, Ryuta, 2025. "Stochastic ESG scores and nonpecuniary ESG preferences: An extension to CAPM," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  99. Zhi Zhang & Yuan Hong & Ziyao Yang & Liming Chen & Yanhong Feng, 2025. "Navigating Uncertainty: How Climate Policy Uncertainty Drives Firms’ Green Transformation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-22, September.
  100. Lu, Xiaomeng & Zhang, Xianjun & Guo, Fusen & Li, Feng, 2024. "Evaluating ESG Investment Profitability: From the Perspective of Sophistication in Investment Decision-Making," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
  101. Chiappari, Mattia & Scotti, Francesco & Flori, Andrea, 2025. "Portfolio hedging through a novel equity index based on the verified emissions of EU ETS-regulated firms," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
  102. Ruan, Lei & Li, Jianing & Huang, Siqi, 2025. "ESG rating adjustment and capital market pricing efficiency: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  103. Wang, Wenjiao & Sun, Ziyuan & Wang, Lan, 2025. "Does ESG rating divergence exacerbate management tone manipulation? − Empirical evidence based on MD&A text," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
  104. Élen Cristina Bravos Giupponi & Camila Fabrício Poltronieri & Yasmin Silva Martins Xavier & Otávio José de Oliveira, 2025. "What ESG Has Not (Yet) Delivered: Proposition of a Framework to Overcome Its Hurdles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-20, September.
  105. Ian Berk & Massimo Guidolin & Monia Magnani, 2023. "New ESG rating drivers in the cross‐section of European stock returns," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(S1), pages 133-162, December.
  106. Shi, Chunpei & Wei, Yu & Zheng, Yihe & Wang, Zhuo & Wang, Qian, 2024. "Is ESG investment rewarded or just doing good? Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PC).
  107. Gao, Feng & Li, Yubin & Wang, Xinjie & Zhong, Zhaodong (Ken), 2021. "Corporate social responsibility and the term structure of CDS spreads," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  108. Sun, Guanglin & Yan, Zian & Gong, Zejun & Li, Mengding, 2025. "The impact of ESG rating divergence on stock price crash risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  109. Choi, Dong Beom & Jeong, Seongjun, 2025. "CSR scores versus actual impacts: Banks’ main street lending during the great recession," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  110. Abongeh A. Tunyi, 2025. "Silver-Haired, Carbon-Heavy? Director Age and Corporate Environmental Outcomes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-21, September.
  111. Jiang, Yichi & Zhang, Xuanyue & Yao, Shujie, 2025. "On ESG and corporate employment decision: Evidence from Chinese listed firms in 2009–2022," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 854-869.
  112. Supatgiat, Chonawee & Phiromswad, Piyachart & Sahin, Olgun Fuat & Sarajoti, Pattarake, 2025. "Investigating the impact of ESG ratings on ETF performance during market disruptions: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian (full-scale) invasion of Ukraine," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(PA).
  113. Wen, Limin & Li, Junxue & Sheng, Jiliang & Zhang, Yi, 2025. "Active portfolio management in the face of ESG uncertainty: An agile framework for adaptive investment strategies," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(PA).
  114. Jiancheng Shen & Chen Chen & Zheng Liu, 2023. "Does environmental investment pay off?—portfolio analyses of the E in ESG during political conflicts and public health crises," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(S1), pages 107-131, December.
  115. Alejandro Padilla‐Rivera & Marwa Hannouf & Getachew Assefa & Ian Gates, 2025. "Enhancing environmental, social, and governance, performance and reporting through integration of life cycle sustainability assessment framework," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(2), pages 2975-2995, April.
  116. Yang, He, 2025. "The role of common ownership in shaping ESG rating uncertainty: A collaborative governance perspective across time horizons," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  117. Wu, Yanran & Zhou, Riwang & Zhang, Chao, 2024. "Size and ESG premiums: Evidence from Chinese A-share market," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  118. Matthias Horn, 2023. "The Influence of ESG Ratings On Idiosyncratic Stock Risk: The Unrated, the Good, the Bad, and the Sinners," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 75(3), pages 415-442, September.
  119. Tsang, Albert & Wang, Yujie & Xiang, Yi & Yu, Li, 2024. "The rise of ESG rating agencies and management of corporate ESG violations," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
  120. Ragnar L Gudmundarson & Gareth W Peters, 2024. "Assessing portfolio diversification via two-sample graph kernel inference. A case study on the influence of ESG screening," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-59, April.
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