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Extreme weather events and high Colombian food prices: A non-stationary extreme value approach

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  • Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia
  • Camilo Andrés Orozco-Vanegas
  • Daniel Parra-Amado

Abstract

Given the importance of climate change and the increase of its severity under extreme weather events, we analyze the main drivers of high food prices in Colombia between 1985 and 2020 focusing on extreme weather shocks like a strong El Niño. We estimate a non-stationary extreme value model for Colombian food prices. Our findings suggest that perishable foods are more exposed to extreme weather conditions in comparison to processed foods. In fact, an extremely low precipitation level explains only high prices in perishable foods. The risk of high perishable food prices is significantly larger for low rainfall levels (dry seasons) compared to high precipitation levels (rainy seasons). This risk gradually results in higher perishable food prices. It is non linear and is also significantly larger than the risk related to changes in the US dollar-Colombian peso exchange rate and fuel prices. Those covariates also explain high prices for both perishable and processed foods. Finally, we find that the events associated with the strongest El Niño in 1988 and 2016 are expected to reoccur once every 50 years. **** RESUMEN: Dada la importancia del cambio climático y su impacto sobre la ocurrencia de eventos climáticos extremos, se analizan los principales determinantes que explican altos precios de alimentos en Colombia entre 1985 y 2020 haciendo énfasis sobre los choques extremos climáticos como por ejemplo un fenómeno de El Niño fuerte. Se estima un modelo no estacionario de valores extremos para los precios de alimentos en Colombia y se encuentra evidencia que sugiere que aquellos bienes perecederos son los más expuestos a las condiciones climáticas en comparación con bienes de alimentos procesados. El riesgo asociado a altos precios de alimentos perecederos es significativamente más elevado para bajos niveles de precipitación (temporadas secas) comparados con altos niveles de precipitación (temporada de lluvias). Este riesgo del clima explica en buena parte los altos precios de perecederos el cual no es lineal. Adicionalmente, el riesgo asociado al factor climático es significativamente más alto a aquellos otros determinantes de altos precios como lo son la tasa de cambio peso-dólar y la dinámica de los precios de combustibles. Estas variables también explican altos precios de los alimentos tanto procesados como perecederos. Finalmente, se encuentra evidencia que sugiere que eventos como El Niño fuerte observados en 1988 y 2016 fueron los más extremos y las estimaciones sugieren que eventos parecidos tienen una re-ocurrencia de una vez cada 50 años.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia & Camilo Andrés Orozco-Vanegas & Daniel Parra-Amado, 2022. "Extreme weather events and high Colombian food prices: A non-stationary extreme value approach," Borradores de Economia 1189, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1189
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1189
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Extreme weather events; Extreme value theory; Food inflation; Return levels; Relative Risk ratio; Eventos climáticos extremos; Teoría de valor extremo (EVT); precios de alimentos; niveles de riesgo; razones de riesgo relativo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C50 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - General
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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