Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ O: Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
/ / O3: Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
/ / / O30: General

2014

• Iritié, B. G. Jean-Jacques, 2014, "Enjeux des politiques industrielles basées sur les clusters d'innovation: cas des pôles de compétitivité
  [Issues of Innovative Clusters-based Industrial Policy: Case of Pole of Competitiveness]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 54429, Mar.
• Govori, Arbiana, 2014, "Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Evidence from SMEs in Prishtina region, Kosovo," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 55898, May.
• Yoguel, Gabriel & Pereira, Mariano, 2014, "Industrial and technological policy: Contributions from evolutionary perspectives to policy design in developing countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 56290, May.
• Ruge-Leiva, Diego-Ivan, 2014, "International R&D Spillovers and Unobserved Common Shocks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 56718, Jun.
• Chakraborty, Shankha & Thompson, Jon & Yehoue, Etienne, 2014, "The Culture of Entrepreneurship," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 56892, Jun.
• Cardamone, Paola & Pupo, Valeria & Ricotta, Fernanda, 2014, "Do firms benefit from university research? Evidence from Italy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 57034, Apr.
• Succurro, Marianna, 2014, "Intangible assets finance: a complementary or substitution effect between external and internal channels? Evidence from the Italian divide," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 57247, Jun.
• Drivas, Kyriakos & Economidou, Claire & Karkalakos, Sotiris & Tsionas, Efthymios G., 2014, "Mobility of Knowledge and Local Innovation Activity," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 57478, Jul.
• Hori, Takeo & Yamagami, Hiroaki, 2014, "Intellectual property rights protection in the presence of exhaustible resources," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58064, Aug.
• Esteves, Luiz A., 2014, "Inovações Não Drásticas: Patentes, Difusão Tecnológica e Antitruste
  [Non Drastic Innovations: Patents, Technological Diffusion, and Antitrust]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58285, Aug.
• Hühne, Philipp, 2014, "Is inequality an unavoidable by-product of skill-biased technical change? No, not necessarily!," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58309, Sep.
• Asongu, Simplice A, 2014, "Knowledge Economy Gaps, Policy Syndromes and Catch-up Strategies: Fresh South Korean Lessons to Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58758, Aug.
• Chu, Angus C. & Cozzi, Guido & Furukawa, Yuichi, 2014, "Labor Unions, Directed Technical Change and Cross-Country Income Inequality," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58886, Sep.
• Didenko, Alexander & Egorova, Tatiana, 2014, "Innovations as factor of absorptive capacity of FDI spillovers across regions of Russian Federation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 59346, Sep.
• Wesson, Joseph, 2014, "Economic Growth and the Natural World," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 59404, Oct.
• Lechman, Ewa, 2014, "The ‘technological take-off’ and the 'critical mass'. A trial conceptualization," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 59506.
• Ugur, Mehmet & Guidi, Francesco & Solomon, Edna & Trushin, Eshref, 2014, "R&D investment, productivity and rates of return: A meta-analysis of the evidence on OECD firms and industries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 59686, Aug, revised 22 Oct 2014.
• Fusari, Angelo, 2014, "An Explanation of Economic Change and Development," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 60042, revised 2014.
• Dachs, Bernhard & Zahradnik, Georg, 2014, "R&D Internationalisation and the Global Financial Crisis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 60641, Dec.
• Ross, Matthew, 2014, "Skill Biased Technical Change: Wage Effects from a Panel of Occupational Task Measures," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63732, Dec, revised 18 Apr 2015.
• Asongu, Simplice & Amavilah, Voxi & Andrés, Antonio R., 2014, "Economic Implications of Business Dynamics for KE-Associated Economic Growth and Inclusive Development in African Countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63793, Dec.
• Vasaf, Esmaeil & Sanatkhani, Mahboobeh, 2014, "Dynamic of Publication Network in German Photovoltaic Industry," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65453, Nov.
• Tchamyou, Vanessa, 2014, "The Role of Knowledge Economy in African Business," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 75089, Jun, revised 27 Dec 2014.
• Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian & Mohamad, Mohd Rosli & Kurniawan, Yohan & Sidek, Abdul Halim, 2014, "The Impact of Low, Average, and High IQ on Economic Growth and Technological Progress: Do All Individuals Contribute Equally?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 77321, Apr.
• Lukovics, Miklós & Zuti, Bence, 2014, "Egyetemek a régiók versenyképességének javításáért: „negyedik generációs” egyetemek?
  [Universities enhancing regional competitiveness: “fourth generation” universities?]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 77572.
• Lukovics, Miklós & Zuti, Bence, 2014, "Sikeres egyetemek a régiók versenyképességének javításáért: „negyedik generációs” egyetemek
  [To improve the competitiveness of the regions successful universities: "fourth-generation" universities]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 78276.
• Štěpán Horký & Luděk Kouba, 2014, "Knowledge economy in central and eastern european countries - a route to competitiveness?
  [Znalostní ekonomika v zemích střední a východní Evropy - cesta ke konkurenceschopnosti?]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2014, issue 5, pages 18-40, DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.450.
• Jan Huňady & Marta Orviská & Beata Šarkanová, 2014, "Determinants of European Firm's Innovation and the Role of Public Financial Support," European Financial and Accounting Journal, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2014, issue 1, pages 62-84, DOI: 10.18267/j.efaj.115.
• Proff, Heike & Fojcik, Thomas Martin & Jung, Benjamin & Sommer, Karl Christoph, 2014, "Developing Business Models in Times of Technological Change – A Competence-based Perspective," Journal of Competences, Strategy & Management, Rainer Hampp Verlag, volume 7, pages 35-73.
• Langholz, Marlene, 2014, "The management of diversity in U.S. and German higher education," management revue. Socio-economic Studies, Rainer Hampp Verlag, volume 25, issue 3, pages 207-226.
• Ruiz, Edward, 2014, "Elección de los modos de exportación: Evidencia de empresas peruanas," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 28, pages 61-76.
• Ruiz, Manuel, 2014, "Elección de los Modos de Exportación: Evidencia de Empresas Peruanas," Working Papers, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, number 2014-004, Apr.
• Ryo Jinnai, 2014, "Code and data files for "Innovation, Product Cycle, and Asset Prices"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 13-149, revised .
• Klaus Desmet & Stephen Parente, 2014, "Resistance to Technology Adoption: The Rise and Decline of Guilds," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, volume 17, issue 3, pages 437-458, July, DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2013.09.005.
• Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki & Pajarinen, Mika & Rouvinen, Petri, 2014, "Private Services as a Source of Growth?," ETLA Reports, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 36, Oct.
• Subhash Bhatnagar, 2014, "Public Service Delivery: Role of Information and Communication Technology in Improving Governance and Development Impact," ADB Economics Working Paper Series, Asian Development Bank, number 391, Mar.
• Jaeho Lee & Ji-Hwan Lee & Baeho Choi, 2014, "Effects of Internationalization on Innovation in the Service Industry: Evidence from Korea," East Asian Economic Review, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, volume 18, issue 4, pages 339-366, DOI: 10.11644/KIEP.JEAI.2014.18.4.285.
• María-Teresa Aceytuno & Celia Sánchez-López, 2014, "Carrera académica y propensión a la transferencia de tecnología. El caso de la Universidad de Huelva," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 28, pages 79-100.
• Adolfo Maza & José Villaverde & María Hierro, 2014, "Should cohesion policy focus on fostering R&D? Evidence from Spain," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 29, pages 139-164.
• Carlos Miguel Correia & José da Silva Costa, 2014, "Measuring Creativity in the EU Member States," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 30, pages 7-26.
• Ana Belo & Silvia Fernandes & Guilherme Castela, 2014, "Social Networks' Users: Profiles and Motivations," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, CinTurs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, volume 2, issue 3, pages 217-228.
• Zivanemoyo Chinzara, 2014, "Financial Development and the Diffusion of Technologies under Uncertainty in Africa," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 472, Oct.
• Didenko Alexander & Egorova Tatiana, 2014, "Innovations as factor of absorptive capacity of fdi spillovers across regions of Russian Federation," Review of Business and Economics Studies, CyberLeninka;Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации» (Финансовый университет), issue 3, pages 75-85.
• Черемисина Т. П., 2014, "Инфраструктура инновационного предпринимательства России в научно-образовательной сфере: оценка состояния. Infrastructure of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia in scientific and educational spheres: assessment of its current state," Мир экономики и управления // Вестник НГУ. Cерия: Cоциально-экономические науки, Socionet;Новосибирский государственный университет, volume 14, issue 3, pages 64-72.
• Witold Chmielarz & Jerzy Kisielnicki & Tomasz Parys (ed.), 2014, "Informatyka & przyszlosc," Book, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, number 01.
• Bart van Ark, 2014, "Priorities and Directions for Future Productivity Research: The Need for Historical Perspective," International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, volume 27, pages 17-19, Fall.
• Ricardo de Avillez, 2014, "An Analysis of Productivity Trends in the Canadian Forest Products Sector, 2000-2012," International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, volume 27, pages 79-100, Fall.
• Ricardo de Avillez, 2014, "A Detailed Analysis of Productivity Trends in the Canadian Forest Products Sector," CSLS Research Reports, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, number 2014-01, May.
• Cemil ÇİFTÇİ, 2014, "Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Ölçek Bazında Kârlılık ve Temel Giderler İlişkisi: 1998-2009 Dönemi," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 22(22).
• Elias Carayannis & Igor Dubina, 2014, "Thinking Beyond The Box: Game-Theoretic and Living Lab Approaches to Innovation Policy and Practice Improvement," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), volume 5, issue 3, pages 427-439, September, DOI: 10.1007/s13132-014-0207-6.
• Samia Nour, 2014, "Regional Systems of Innovation and Economic Structure in the Arab Region," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), volume 5, issue 3, pages 481-520, September, DOI: 10.1007/s13132-014-0196-5.
• Stan Metcalfe, 2014, "Capitalism and evolution," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 1, pages 11-34, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-013-0307-7.
• Magda Fontana, 2014, "Pluralism(s) in economics: lessons from complexity and innovation. A review paper," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 1, pages 189-204, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-013-0333-5.
• Hans-Jürgen Engelbrecht, 2014, "A general model of the innovation - subjective well-being nexus," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 2, pages 377-397, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-014-0343-y.
• Ángela Vásquez-Urriago & Andrés Barge-Gil & Aurelia Rico & Evita Paraskevopoulou, 2014, "The impact of science and technology parks on firms’ product innovation: empirical evidence from Spain," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 4, pages 835-873, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-013-0337-1.
• Fernando Rio & Antonio Sampayo, 2014, "Obsolescence and productivity," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, volume 13, issue 3, pages 195-216, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10258-014-0106-6.
• Leonardo Costa Ribeiro & Glenda Kruss & Gustavo Britto & Américo Tristão Bernardes & Eduardo Motta e Albuquerque, 2014, "A methodology for unveiling global innovation networks: patent citations as clues to cross border knowledge flows," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, volume 101, issue 1, pages 61-83, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11192-014-1351-2.
• Anja Schoen & Dominik Heinisch & Guido Buenstorf, 2014, "Playing the ‘Name Game’ to identify academic patents in Germany," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, volume 101, issue 1, pages 527-545, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11192-014-1400-x.
• Torben Schubert, 2014, "Are there scale economies in scientific production? On the topic of locally increasing returns to scale," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, volume 99, issue 2, pages 393-408, May, DOI: 10.1007/s11192-013-1207-1.
• Federico Frattini & Francesco Nicolli & Giorgio Prodi, 2014, "Technological capabilities and growth: A study of economic convergence among Chinese prefectures," SEEDS Working Papers, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, number 2914, Dec, revised Dec 2014.
• Luigi Marengo & Paolo Zeppini, 2014, "The arrival of the new," LEM Papers Series, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy, number 2014/04, Apr.
• Stefano Bianchini & Francesco Lissoni & Michele Pezzoni & Lorenzo Zirulia, 2014, "The economics of research, consulting, and teaching quality: theory and evidence from a technical university," LEM Papers Series, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy, number 2014/18, 09.
• Sebastian Benz & Mario Larch & Markus Zimmer, 2014, "The structure of the German economy," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 46, issue 27, pages 3274-3283, September, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2014.927568.
• Mauro Caselli, 2014, "Trade, skill-biased technical change and wages in Mexican manufacturing," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 46, issue 3, pages 336-348, January, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2013.848033.
• Marco A. Marini & Maria L. Petit & Roberta Sestini, 2014, "Strategic timing in R&D agreements," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 23, issue 3, pages 274-303, April, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2013.830905.
• Anna Laura Baraldi & Claudia Cantabene & Giulio Perani, 2014, "Reverse causality in the R&D-patents relationship: an interpretation of the innovation persistence," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 23, issue 3, pages 304-326, April, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2013.848059.
• Martin Woerter, 2014, "Competition and Persistence of R&D," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 23, issue 5-6, pages 469-489, September, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2014.895515.
• Markus Grillitsch & Michaela Trippl, 2014, "Combining Knowledge from Different Sources, Channels and Geographical Scales," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 22, issue 11, pages 2305-2325, November, DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2013.835793.
• Alessandro Sterlacchini & Francesco Venturini, 2014, "R&D and Productivity in High-Tech Manufacturing: A Comparison between Italy and Spain," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 5, pages 359-379, July, DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2014.959315.
• Andrea Fracasso & Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti, 2014, "International R&D Spillovers, Absorptive Capacity and Relative Backwardness: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 28, issue 1, pages 137-160, March, DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2013.787109.
• Jochen Hartwig, 2014, "Testing the Bhaduri-Marglin model with OECD panel data," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 28, issue 4, pages 419-435, July, DOI: 10.1080/02692171.2014.896881.
• Senay Acikgoz & Merter Mert, 2014, "Sources of Growth Revisited: The Importance of the Nature of Technological Progress," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 17, issue 1, pages 31-62, May, DOI: 10.1016/S1514-0326(14)60002-7.
• Miroslav Verbič & Sašo Polanec, 2014, "Innovativeness and intangibles in transition: the case of Slovenia," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 27, issue 1, pages 67-85, January, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2014.947109.
• Gerard van der Meijden & Sjak Smulders, 2014, "Carbon Lock-In: The Role of Expectations," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-100/VIII, Aug, revised 14 Jul 2016.
• Gerard van der Meijden & Sjak Smulders, 2014, "Technological Change during the Energy Transition," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-108/VIII, Aug.

2013

• Ozcan Saritas, 2013, "Human Enhancement Technologies: Future Outlook and Challenges," Foresight and STI Governance, National Research University Higher School of Economics, volume 7, issue 1, pages 6-13.
• Iuliia Naidenova & Petr Parshakov, 2013, "Intellectual Capital Investments: Evidence from Panel Var Analysis," HSE Working papers, National Research University Higher School of Economics, number WP BRP 11/FE/2013.
• Maxim Kotsemir & Dirk Meissner, 2013, "Conceptualizing the innovation process – trends and outlook," HSE Working papers, National Research University Higher School of Economics, number WP BRP 10/STI/2013.
• IGAMI, Masatsura & NAGAOKA, Sadao & 長岡, 貞男 & WALSH, John P., 2013, "Contributions of young scholars in team-based scientific research," IIR Working Paper, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 13-02, Jan.
• Yamauchi, Isamu & Nagaoka, Sadao & 長岡, 貞男, 2013, "Does the outsourcing of prior art search increase the efficiency of patent examination?," IIR Working Paper, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 13-12, May.
• Aghion, Philippe & Akcigit, Ufuk & Howitt, Peter, 2013, "What Do We Learn From Schumpeterian Growth Theory?," Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics, number 27755233.
• Jérôme Danguy & Gaétan de Rassenfosse & Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, 2013, "On the Origins of the Worldwide Surge in Patenting: An Industry Perspective on the R&D-Patent Relationship," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, number wp2013n15, Apr.
• Andrea Morescalchi & Fabio Pammolli & Orion Penner & Petersen Alexander M. & Massimo Riccaboni, 2013, "Networks of innovators within and across borders. Evidence from patent data," Working Papers, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, number 4/2013, Aug, revised Aug 2013.
• Berné Manero, Carmen & García-González, Margarita & García-Uceda, M. Esperanza & Múgica Grijalba, José Miguel, 2013, "Identificación Y Análisis De Los Criterios De Cambios Del Sistema De Distribución Turístico Asociados Al Uso Intensivo De Las Tecnologías De La Información Y De La Comunicación / Identification And Analysis Of The Criteria For Change In The Tourist D," Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa (IEDEE), Academia Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa (AEDEM), volume 19, issue 2, pages 90-101.
• João Monteiro de Matos, 2013, "Usos e significados da tecnologia na Academia: uma abordagem sociológica [Uses and meanings of technology at the academy: a sociological approach]," IET Working Papers Series, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, IET/CICS.NOVA-Interdisciplinary Centre on Social Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, number 06/2013, Nov.
• Carlos J.Pérez & Carlos J.Ponce, 2013, "Disruption costs and the choice of technology," ILADES-UAH Working Papers, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, number inv292, Oct.
• Federico Biagi, 2013, "ICT and Productivity: A Review of the Literature," JRC Working Papers on Digital Economy, Joint Research Centre, number 2013-09, Sep.
• Wojciech Szewczyk & Anna Sabadash, 2013, "Macroeconomic Modelling of Public Expenditures on Research and Development in Information and Communication Technologies," JRC Research Reports, Joint Research Centre, number JRC82943, Aug.
• Antonio Vezzani & Sandro Montresor, 2013, "The production function of top R&D investors: Accounting for size and sector heterogeneity with quantile estimations," JRC Working Papers on Corporate R&D and Innovation, Joint Research Centre, number 2013-02, Jul.
• Bartelsman, Eric & Dobbelaere, Sabien & Peters, Bettina, 2013, "Allocation of Human Capital and Innovation at the Frontier: Firm-Level Evidence on Germany and the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 7540, Jul.
• Bellmann, Lutz & Crimmann, Andreas & Evers, Katalin & Hujer, Reinhard, 2013, "Regional Determinants of Establishments' Innovation Activities: A Multi-Level Approach," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 7572, Aug.
• Bertocchi, Graziella & Gambardella, Alfonso & Jappelli, Tullio & Nappi, Carmela A. & Peracchi, Franco, 2013, "Bibliometric Evaluation vs. Informed Peer Review: Evidence from Italy," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 7739, Nov.
• Chia-Hung Sun, 2013, "A Duality Between Cost-Reducing R&D versus Quality-Improving R&D and Welfare Analysis in a Hotelling Model," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, volume 41, issue 2, pages 133-148, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11293-012-9349-8.
• M. Castro Campos & C. Kool & J. Muysken, 2013, "Cross-Country Private Saving Heterogeneity and Culture," De Economist, Springer, volume 161, issue 2, pages 101-120, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10645-013-9204-6.
• Holger Strulik & Klaus Prettner & Alexia Prskawetz, 2013, "The past and future of knowledge-based growth," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, volume 18, issue 4, pages 411-437, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10887-013-9098-9.
• Hideki Nakamura, 2013, "Wages of regular and irregular workers, the price of education, and income inequality," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, volume 11, issue 4, pages 517-533, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10888-012-9232-5.
• Colin Davis, 2013, "Regional integration and innovation offshoring with occupational choice and endogenous growth," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 108, issue 1, pages 59-79, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-012-0319-z.
• Kefei You & Nicholas Sarantis, 2013, "Structural breaks, rural transformation and total factor productivity growth in China," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, volume 39, issue 3, pages 231-242, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11123-012-0285-z.
• Bernardina Algieri & Antonio Aquino & Marianna Succurro, 2013, "Technology transfer offices and academic spin-off creation: the case of Italy," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, volume 38, issue 4, pages 382-400, August, DOI: 10.1007/s10961-011-9241-8.
• Malick Souare, 2013, "Productivity growth, trade and FDI nexus: evidence from the Canadian manufacturing sector," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, volume 38, issue 5, pages 675-698, October, DOI: 10.1007/s10961-012-9259-6.
• Spyros Arvanitis & Thomas Bolli, 2013, "A Comparison of National and International Innovation Cooperation in Five European Countries," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 43, issue 3, pages 163-191, November, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-012-9348-6.
• Bo Carlsson & Pontus Braunerhjelm & Maureen McKelvey & Christer Olofsson & Lars Persson & Håkan Ylinenpää, 2013, "The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research," Small Business Economics, Springer, volume 41, issue 4, pages 913-930, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11187-013-9503-y.
• Ken-ichi Hashimoto & Ken Tabata, 2013, "Rising Longevity, Human Capital and Fertility in Overlapping Generations Version of an R&D-based Growth Model," Discussion Paper Series, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, number 104, May, revised May 2013.
• Katsufumi Fukuda, 2013, "The Effect of Globalization in an Endogenous Growth Model with Heterogeneous Firms and Endogenous International Spillovers: Note," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2013-24, Aug.
• Jochen Hartwig, 2013, "Ist Lohnzurückhaltung gut oder schlecht für das Schweizer Wirtschaftswachstum?," KOF Analysen, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, volume 7, issue 2, pages 33-45, June, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005427569.
• Christian Soltmann & Tobias Stucki & Martin Woerter, 2013, "The Performance Effect of Environmental Innovations," KOF Working papers, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, number 13-330, Feb, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-007615265.
• Marius Ley & Tobias Stucki & Martin Woerter, 2013, "The Impact of Energy Prices on Green Innovation," KOF Working papers, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, number 13-340, Aug, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-009922725.
• Wen Hao Chen & Michael Förster & Ana Llena-Nozal, 2013, "Globalisation, technological progress and changes in regulations and institutions – which impact on the rise of earnings inequality in OECD countries?," LIS Working papers, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg, number 597, Sep.
• John P. Weche Geluebcke & Chiara Franco, 2013, "The death of German firms: What role for foreign direct investment?," Working Paper Series in Economics, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics, number 264, Feb.
• Ahmad Reza Saboori Memar, 2013, "Profitable Entry into an Unprofitable Market," MAGKS Papers on Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung), number 201306.
• Ahmad Reza Saboori Memar & Georg Götz, 2013, "R&D Incentives in Vertically Related Markets," MAGKS Papers on Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung), number 201307.
• Dezső Szakály, 2013, "Technológiai háború! – Miből készülnek a modernizáció rejtett kulcsai?," Eszak-magyarorszagi Strategiai Fuzetek, Faculty of Economics, University of Miskolc, volume 10, issue 2, pages 32-45.
• Graziella Bertocchi & Alfonso Gambardella & Tullio Jappelli & Carmela A. Nappi & Franco Peracchi, 2013, "Bibliometric Evaluation vs. Informed Peer Review: Evidence from Italy," Department of Economics (DEMB), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 0020, Oct.
• Graziella Bertocchi & Alfonso Gambardella & Tullio Jappelli & Carmela A. Nappi & Franco Peracchi, 2013, "Bibliometric Evaluation vs. Informed Peer Review: Evidence from Italy," Center for Economic Research (RECent), University of Modena and Reggio E., Dept. of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 093, Sep.
• Masanori Orihara, 2013, "Business Group Taxation and R&D Activities," Discussion papers, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, number ron254, Nov.
• Author-Name: Jakob B Madsen & James B. Ang, 2013, "The Asian Growth Miracle: Factor Accumulation, The Demographic Transition And R&D-Driven Growth," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 23-13, Jul.
• Mita Bhattacharya & Paresh Kumar Narayan, 2013, "Output and Labor Market in Organised Manufacturing: A Panel Cointegration Analysis for India," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 61-13, Jul.
• E. Anthon Eff & Abhradeep Maiti, 2013, "A measure of technological level for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample," Working Papers, Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Economics and Finance, number 201302, Aug.
• Ríos Bolívar Humberto & Marroquín Arreola Juan, 2013, "Innovación tecnológica como mecanismo para impulsar el crecimiento económico. Evidencia regional para México," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, volume 58, issue 3, pages 11-37, julio-sep.
• Brett Danaher & Michael D. Smith & Rahul Telang, 2013, "Piracy and Copyright Enforcement Mechanisms," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 14".
• Philippe Aghion & Ufuk Akcigit & Peter Howitt, 2013, "What Do We Learn From Schumpeterian Growth Theory?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 18824, Feb.
• Brett Danaher & Michael D. Smith & Rahul Telang, 2013, "Piracy and Copyright Enforcement Mechanisms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19150, Jun.
• Bettina Peters & Mark J. Roberts & Van Anh Vuong & Helmut Fryges, 2013, "Estimating Dynamic R&D Demand: An Analysis of Costs and Long-Run Benefits," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19374, Aug.
• Eric Budish & Benjamin N. Roin & Heidi Williams, 2013, "Do firms underinvest in long-term research? Evidence from cancer clinical trials," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19430, Sep.
• Siping Luo & Mary E. Lovely & David Popp, 2013, "Intellectual Returnees as Drivers of Indigenous Innovation: Evidence from the Chinese Photovoltaic Industry," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19518, Oct.
• Viral V. Acharya & Zhaoxia Xu, 2013, "Financial Dependence and Innovation: The Case of Public versus Private Firms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19708, Dec.
• Jin-Hyuk Kim & Tin Cheuk Leung, 2013, "Quantifying the Impacts of Digital Rights Management and E-Book Pricing on the E-Book Reader Market," Working Papers, NET Institute, number 13-03, Sep.
• Tatiana ANDREEVA, 2013, "Problems Of The Attraction Of Investments In The Innovation As The Factor Of The Economic Growth Of State," ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY: Theoretical and Scientifical Journal, Socionet;Complexul Editorial "INCE", issue 3, pages 150-155.
• Ecaterina Stanculescu, 2013, "China-First Superpower In International Trade With High-Tech Products," Global Economic Observer, "Nicolae Titulescu" University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences;Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy, volume 1, issue 1, pages 45-51, May.
• Dan Andrews & Chiara Criscuolo, 2013, "Knowledge-Based Capital, Innovation and Resource Allocation," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1046, May, DOI: 10.1787/5k46bj546kzs-en.
• Ben Westmore, 2013, "R&D, Patenting and Growth: The Role of Public Policy," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1047, May, DOI: 10.1787/5k46h2rfb4f3-en.
• Dan Andrews & Chiara Criscuolo, 2013, "Knowledge-Based Capital, Innovation and Resource Allocation: A Going for Growth Report," OECD Economic Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 4, May, DOI: 10.1787/5k46bh92lr35-en.
• Ben Westmore, 2014, "Policy incentives for private innovation and maximising the returns," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, volume 2013, issue 1, pages 121-163, DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2013-5k3trmjlhx.
• Caroline Paunov, 2013, "Innovation and Inclusive Development: A Discussion of the Main Policy Issues," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 2013/1, Jan, DOI: 10.1787/5k4dd1rvsnjj-en.
• Prediscan Mariana & Bradutanu Daniela & Roiban Roxana Nadina, 2013, "Forces That Enhance Or Reduce Employee Resistance To Change," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 1606-1612, July.
• Nathan Rosenberg & W. Edward Steinmueller, 2013, "Engineering knowledge," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, volume 22, issue 5, pages 1129-1158, October.
• Michael J. Mazzeo & Jonathan H. Ashtor & Samantha Zyontz, 2013, "DO NPEs MATTER? NON-PRACTICING ENTITIES AND PATENT LITIGATION OUTCOMES," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, volume 9, issue 4, pages 879-904.
• Jakub Growiec & Ingmar Schumacher, 2013, "Technological opportunity, long-run growth, and convergence," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 65, issue 2, pages 323-351, April.
• Volker Grossmann & David Stadelmann, 2013, "Wage Effects of High-Skilled Migration: International Evidence," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, volume 27, issue 2, pages 297-319.
• Prada Elena, 2013, "Economic Development and Migration in European Union," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 259-264, May.
• Rus Mircea-Iosif, 2013, "The Impact of Research and Innovation Activity in a Knowledge SocietyAbstract:The knowledge society is the stage where mankind is found and aims to raise the living standards of population but also to increase the level of knowledge. To achieve this ," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 693-696, May.
• Christine Greenhalgh, 2002, "Rich Man, Poor Man, Beggar Man, Thief - But Who is Who in the Capitalist Economy," Economics Series Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number 119, Sep.
• Linda D. Whipker & Bruce Erickson, 2013, "2011 Precision Agriculture Services Dealership Survey Results," Working Papers, Purdue University, College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, number 13-2.
• Anita Talaja, 2013, "Innovative capabilities, firm performance and foreign ownership: Empirical analysis of large and medium-sized companies form all industries," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, volume 9, issue 3, pages 69-78, October.
• Philippe Aghion & Ufuk Akcigit & Peter Brown, 2013, "What Do We Learn From Schumpeterian Growth Theory?," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 13-026, Jun.
• Gabriela Wronowska, 2013, "Innovations And Sustainable Development Outlineof Problems," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, volume 8, issue 1, pages 71-80, March, DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2013.004.
• Magdalena Bielawska & Francisco J. Calderon Vazquez, 2013, "Growth Versus Non-Growth: The Contractive Evolution Of R&D Policies In Spain And Andalusia," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, volume 8, issue 3, pages 49-61, September, DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2013.019.
• Katarzyna Baran, 2013, "The Determinants Of Economic Growth In Hungary, Poland, Slovakia And The Czech Republic In The Years 1995-2010," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, volume 8, issue 3, pages 7-26, September, DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2013.017.
• Ben Westmore, 2013, "Innovation and Growth: Considerations for Public Policy," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, volume 4, issue 3.
• Argentino Pessoa, 2013, "Structural and technological change in the European periphery: The case of Portugal," CEF.UP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 1301, Feb.
• Dina Cunha & Sandra T. Silva & Aurora A.C. Teixeira, 2013, "Are Academic Spin-Offs necessarily New Technology-Based firms?," FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 482, Jan.
• Francisco Rebelo & Ester Gomes da Silva, 2013, "Export variety, technological content and economic performance: The case of Portugal," FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 491, Apr.
• Renuga Nagarajan & Aurora A.C. Teixeira & Sandra T. Silva, 2013, "The impact of population ageing on economic growth: an in-depth bibliometric analysis," FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 505, Sep.
• Lee, Keun, 2013, "How Can Korea be a Role Model for Catch-up Development? A ‘Capability-based View’," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109775.
• Gogodze, Joseph, 2013, "Composite indicator for regional innovative systems of the countries with developing and transitional economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 43911, Jan.
• Gogodze, Joseph, 2013, "Composite indicator ECAICI and positioning of Georgia’s innovative capacities in Europe-Central Asia Region," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 43921, Jan.
• Furukawa, Yuichi & Takarada, Yasuhiro, 2013, "Technological change and international interaction in environmental policies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 44047, Jan.
• Kotsemir, Maxim & Abroskin, Alexander, 2013, "Innovation Concepts and Typology – An Evolutionary Discussion," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45069, Feb.
• Schlauch, Michael & Palmisano, Gaia, 2013, "The Transition from the Neoclassical Growth Model to Ecology," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45867, Apr.
• Mhenni, Hatem & Ben Youssef, Adel & Elaheebocus, N & Ragni, Ludovic, 2013, "Are Technoparks High Tech Fantasies? Lessons from the Tunisian Experience," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46183, Jan, revised Mar 2013.
• Kotsemir, Maxim & Meissner, Dirk, 2013, "Conceptualizing the Innovation Process – Trends and Outlook," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46504, Apr.
• Pillai, Unni & Cruz, Kyle, 2013, "Source of Cost Reduction in Solar Photovoltaics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46657, May.
• Nwaobi, Godwin, 2013, "The Economics of Climate Change and Science of Global Warming Debate:African Perspectives," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46807, May.
• Asongu, Simplice A, 2013, "A brief future of Time in the monopoly of scientific knowledge," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46959, May.
• Chu, Angus C. & Cozzi, Guido & Lai, Ching-Chong & Liao, Chih-Hsing, 2013, "Monetary Policy, R&D and Economic Growth in an Open Economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47364, Jun.
• Baraldi, Anna Laura & Cantabene, Claudia & Perani, Giulio, 2013, "Reverse causality in the R&D – patents relationship: an interpretation of the innovation persistence," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47684, May.
• Albahari, Alberto & Barge-Gil, Andrés & Pérez-Canto, Salvador & Modrego-Rico, Aurelia, 2013, "The Influence of Science and Technology Park Characteristics on Firms’ Innovation Results," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48829, Aug.
• El Joueidi, Sarah, 2013, "A taxonomy of manufacturing and service firms in Luxembourg according to technological skills," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49532, Sep.
• Ivanov, Alexey, 2013, "В Поисках Синергетического Эффекта: Российский Рынок Слияний И Поглощений В 2005-2012 Гг
  [In search of synergy effects: Russian M&A market in 2005-2012]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50304, Aug.
• Sammut-Bonnici, Tanya & Paroutis, Sotirios, 2013, "Developing a Dominant Logic of Strategic Innovation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50577, Mar.
• Pradhan, Jaya Prakash, 2013, "The Geography of Patenting In India: Patterns and Determinants," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50595, Oct.
• Gogodze, Joseph, 2013, "Composite indicator ECAICI and positioning of Georgia’s innovative capacities in Europe-Central Asia Region," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50892, Jan.
• Asongu, Simplice A, 2013, "On the Obituary of Scientific Knowledge Monopoly," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 52207, Sep.
• Fung, Ka Wai Terence & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Chan, Kwok Ho, 2013, "A R&D Based Real Business Cycle Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 52571.
• Zaman, Gheorghe & Georgescu, George, 2013, "Relaţia cercetare-dezvoltare-inovare şi impactul asupra competitivităţii economice în România în contextul globalizării şi integrării europene
  [Research-development-innovation relationship and its impact on economic competitivity in Romania under ," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 52944, Sep.
• Bazhal, Iurii, 2013, "Innovation theory of business cycles and economic growth," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53688, Oct, revised 14 Feb 2014.
• Najda-Janoszka, Marta, 2013, "Towards Balancing Innovation and Imitation Practices in the Value Creation Process," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58609.
• Vladimirov, Zhelyu & Simeonova-Ganeva, Ralitsa & Ganev, Kaloyan, 2013, "Significance of globalization-specific factors for SME competitiveness: a conceptual model and an empirical test," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63518, Aug.
• Fındık, Derya & Tansel, Aysit, 2013, "Resources on the stage: a firm level analysis of the ict adoption in Turkey," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65956, Aug, revised 05 Aug 2014.
• Georgieva, Daniela Ventsislavova, 2013, "Развитие На Иновационната Теория От Края На Xviii В. До Началото На Xxi В
  [Development of innovative theories from the end of 18th. century to the beginning of the 21th. century]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 81900.
• Štěpán Jurajda & Juraj Stančík, 2013, "Organization and Firm Performance in the Czech Republic," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2013, issue 1, pages 85-110, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.442.
• Matthias Duschl & Thomas Brenner, 2013, "Growth dynamics in regional systems of technological activities – A SVAR approach," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-12, Oct.
• Lelio Iapadre, 2013, "Foreign Investments and Local Development: The ICT System in the Province of L’Aquila," QA - Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, Associazione Rossi Doria, issue 1, March.
• Klaus Desmet & Stephen Parente, 2013, "Code and data files for "Resistance to Technology Adoption: The Rise and Decline of Guilds"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 11-151, revised .
• Timo Boppart, 2013, "Structural change and the Kaldor facts in a growth model with relative price effects and non-Gorman preferences," 2013 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 217.
• Nikulainen, Tuomo & Tahvanainen, Antti-Jussi, 2013, "Commercialization of academic research. A comparison between researchers in the U.S. and Finland," ETLA Working Papers, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 8, May.
• Nikulainen, Tuomo, 2013, "Generating commercial ideas in Finnish universities. The role of interdisciplinarity and networking," ETLA Working Papers, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 9, May.
• Margarita Debuque-Gonzales, 2013, "Empirical Determinants and Patterns of Research and Development Investment in Asia," ADB Economics Working Paper Series, Asian Development Bank, number 364, Aug.
• Hugo Pinto, 2013, "Knowledge Transfer and the ‘Academic Enterprise’ in the Algarve: Contributions from Social Studies of Science and Technology to the Understanding of University-Firm Relations," Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers, CIEO-Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, University of Algarve, number 2013-5, Nov.
• Marisa Cesário & Maria Teresa Noronha Vaz, 2013, "Localised Assets and Small-Firms’ Technological Capabilities," Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers, CIEO-Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, University of Algarve, number 2013-7, Nov.
• Neil Dias Karunaratne, 2013, "Macroeconomic Reform and Technical Efficiency in Australian - Riforme macroeconomiche ed efficienza tecnica nell’industria manifatturiera australiana – un’analisi stocastica della frontiera di produzi," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 66, issue 3, pages 345-369.
• Seungrae Lee & Joo Yeon Sun, 2013, "Anti-Dumping Duty and Firm Heterogeneity: Evidence from Korea," Working Papers, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, number 13-4, Oct, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2345031.
• Agapie, Adriana & Lima, Tony, 2013, "Cost Minimization under Variable Input Prices: A Theoretical Approach," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, volume 0, issue 2, pages 70-86, June.
• Daniela BORISOV & Adrian TAN??U, 2013, "Enterprise Policies for Tackling the Digital Skills Shortage," Economia. Seria Management, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, volume 16, issue 1, pages 161-176, June.
• Olumayokun Soremekun & Charles A. Malgwi, 2013, "Exploring Patterns in ICT Growth and Development in Africa: A Kohonen Map Analysis," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, volume 43, issue 2,3, pages 175-190, Winter.