Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E5: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
/ / / E52: Monetary Policy

2013

• Sánchez, Marcelo, 2009, "Characterising the inflation targeting regime in South Korea," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1004, Feb.
• Wouters, Raf & de Walque, Gregory & Pierrard, Olivier & Sneessens, Henri, 2009, "Sequential bargaining in a new-Keynesian model with frictional unemployment and staggered wage negotiation," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1007, Feb.
• Arratibel, Olga & Leiner-Killinger, Nadine & Kamps, Christophe, 2009, "Inflation forecasting in the new EU Member States," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1015, Feb.
• Beyer, Andreas & Gaspar, Ví­tor & Gerberding, Christina & Issing, Otmar, 2009, "Opting out of the Great Inflation: German monetary policy after the break down of Bretton Woods," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1020, Mar.
• Linzert, Tobias & Christoffel, Kai & Kuester, Keith, 2009, "The role of labor markets for euro area monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1035, Mar.
• De Fiore, Fiorella & Tristani, Oreste, 2009, "Optimal monetary policy in a model of the credit channel," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1043, Apr.
• Fagan, Gabriel & Messina, Julián, 2009, "Downward wage rigidity and optimal steady-state inflation," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1048, Apr.
• Eisenschmidt, Jens & Hirsch, Astrid & Linzert, Tobias, 2009, "Bidding behaviour in the ECB's main refinancing operations during the financial crisis," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1052, May.
• Calza, Alessandro & Monacelli, Tommaso & Stracca, Livio, 2009, "Housing finance and monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1069, Jul.
• Altunbas, Yener & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Marqués-Ibáñez, David, 2009, "Bank risk and monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1075, Jul.
• Dovern, Jonas & Fritsche, Ulrich & Slacalek, Jiri, 2009, "Disagreement among forecasters in G7 countries," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1082, Aug.
• Altavilla, Carlo & Ciccarelli, Matteo, 2009, "The effects of monetary policy on unemployment dynamics under model uncertainty: evidence from the US and the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1089, Sep.
• Hoerova, Marie & Monnet, Cyril & Temzelides, Ted, 2009, "Money talks," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1091, Sep.
• Carboni, Giacomo & Ellison, Martin, 2009, "Inflation and output volatility under asymmetric incomplete information," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1092, Sep.
• Ehrmann, Michael & Tzamourani, Panagiota, 2009, "Memories of high inflation," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1095, Sep.
• Andersson, Magnus & Hofmann, Boris, 2009, "Gauging the effectiveness of quantitative forward guidance: evidence from three inflation targeters," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1098, Oct.
• Fratzscher, Marcel & Saborowski, Christian & Straub, Roland, 2009, "Monetary Policy Shocks and Portfolio Choice," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1122, Dec.
• Andersson, Malin & Masuch, Klaus & Schiffbauer, Marc, 2009, "Determinants of inflation and price level differentials across the euro area countries," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1129, Dec.
• Benati, Luca, 2009, "Would the Bundesbank have prevented the Great Inflation in the United States?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1134, Dec.
• Ehrmann, Michael & Eijffinger, Sylvester & Fratzscher, Marcel, 2010, "The role of central bank transparency for guiding private sector forecasts," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1146, Jan.
• Cappiello, Lorenzo & Kadareja, Arjan & Kok, Christoffer & Protopapa, Marco, 2010, "Do bank loans and credit standards have an effect on output? A panel approach for the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1150, Jan.
• Marcellino, Massimiliano & Musso, Alberto, 2010, "Real time estimates of the euro area output gap: reliability and forecasting performance," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1157, Feb.
• de Bondt, Gabe & Maddaloni, Angela & Peydró, José-Luis & Scopel, Silvia, 2010, "The euro area Bank Lending Survey matters: empirical evidence for credit and output growth," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1160, Feb.
• Musso, Alberto & Neri, Stefano & Stracca, Livio, 2010, "Housing, consumption and monetary policy: how different are the US and the euro area?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1161, Feb.
• Hofmann, Boris & Eickmeier, Sandra, 2010, "Monetary policy, housing booms and financial (im)balances," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1178, Apr.
• Abbritti, Mirko & Weber, Sebastian, 2010, "Labor market institutions and the business cycle - unemployment rigidities vs. real wage rigidities," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1183, Apr.
• Sánchez, Marcelo, 2010, "Modelling anti-inflationary monetary targeting: with an application to Romania," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1186, May.
• Brzoza-Brzezina, Michał & Chmielewski, Tomasz & Niedźwiedzińska, Joanna, 2010, "Substitution between domestic and foreign currency loans in Central Europe. Do central banks matter?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1187, May.
• Wieland, Volker & Beck, Günter W., 2010, "Money in monetary policy design: Monetary cross-checking in the New-Keynesian model," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1191, May.
• Christiano, Lawrence & Motto, Roberto & Rostagno, Massimo, 2010, "Financial factors in economic fluctuations," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1192, May.
• Jacquinot, Pascal & Pisani, Massimiliano & Gomes, Sandra, 2010, "The EAGLE. A model for policy analysis of macroeconomic interdependence in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1195, May.
• Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Loublier, Alexis, 2010, "Epstein-Zin preferences and their use in macro-finance models: implications for optimal monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1209, Jun.
• Blattner, Tobias Sebastian & Margaritov, Emil, 2010, "Towards a robust monetary policy rule for the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1210, Jun.
• Cohen-Cole, Ethan & Morse, Jonathan, 2010, "Monetary policy and capital regulation in the US and Europe," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1222, Jul.
• Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Onorante, Luca & Paesani, Paolo, 2010, "Inflation and inflation uncertainty in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1229, Jul.
• Peersman, Gert & Straub, Roland & Hofmann, Boris, 2010, "Time variation in U.S. wage dynamics," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1230, Jul.
• Brissimis, Sophocles N. & Delis, Manthos D., 2010, "Bank heterogeneity and monetary policy transmission," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1233, Aug.
• Stracca, Livio, 2010, "Is the New Keynesian IS curve structural?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1236, Aug.
• Koivu, Tuuli, 2010, "Monetary policy, asset prices and consumption in China," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1240, Sep.
• Cassola, Nuno & Huetl, Michael, 2010, "The Euro overnight interbank market and ECB's liquidity management policy during tranquil and turbulent times," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1247, Oct.
• Mestre, Ricardo & Sousa, João & Jacquinot, Pascal & Gomes, Sandra, 2010, "Global policy at the zero lower bound in a large-scale DSGE model," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1254, Oct.
• Wieland, Volker & Taylor, John B., 2010, "Surprising comparative properties of monetary models: Results from a new model database," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1261, Nov.
• Hempell, Hannah S. & Kok, Christoffer, 2010, "The impact of supply constraints on bank lending in the euro area - crisis induced crunching?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1262, Nov.
• van der Cruijsen, Carin & Jansen, David-Jan & de Haan, Jakob, 2010, "How much does the public know about the ECB's monetary policy? Evidence from a survey of Dutch households," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1265, Nov.
• Giannone, Domenico & Reichlin, Lucrezia & Bańbura, Marta, 2010, "Nowcasting," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1275, Dec.
• Lombardo, Giovanni & Ravenna, Federico, 2010, "Openness and optimal monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1279, Dec.
• Kolasa, Marcin & Brzoza-Brzezina, Michał & Jacquinot, Pascal, 2010, "Can we prevent boom-bust cycles during euro area accession?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1280, Dec.
• Badarinza, Cristian & Margaritov, Emil, 2011, "News and policy foresight in a macro-finance model of the US," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1313, Mar.
• Mumtaz, Haroon & Zabczyk, Pawel & Ellis, Colin, 2011, "What lies beneath? A time-varying FAVAR model for the UK transmission mechanism," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1320, Apr.
• Fahr, Stephan & Abbritti, Mirko, 2011, "Macroeconomic implications of downward wage rigidities," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1321, Apr.
• Mohr, Matthias & Jacquinot, Pascal & Pisani, Massimiliano & Gomes, Sandra, 2011, "Structural reforms and macroeconomic performance in the euro area countries: a model-based assessment," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1323, Apr.
• Calza, Alessandro & Zaghini, Andrea, 2011, "Welfare costs of inflation and the circulation of US currency abroad," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1326, Apr.
• Linzert, Tobias & Abbassi, Puriya, 2011, "The effectiveness of monetary policy in steering money market rates during the recent financial crisis," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1328, Apr.
• Maćkowiak, Bartosz & Wiederholt, Mirko, 2011, "Business cycle dynamics under rational inattention," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1331, Apr.
• Costain, James & Nakov, Anton, 2011, "Distributional dynamics under smoothly state-dependent pricing," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1333, Apr.
• Gambacorta, Leonardo & Marqués-Ibáñez, David, 2011, "The bank lending channel: lessons from the crisis," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1335, May.
• Lombardo, Giovanni & Kolasa, Marcin, 2011, "Financial frictions and optimal monetary policy in an open economy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1338, May.
• Vetlov, Igor & Pisani, Massimiliano & Hlédik, Tibor & Jonsson, Magnus & Kucsera, Henrik, 2011, "Potential output in DSGE models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1351, Jun.
• Puigvert Gutiérrez, Josep Maria & Vergote, Olivier, 2011, "Interest rate expectations and uncertainty during ECB governing council days: evidence from intraday implied densities of 3-month Euribor," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1391, Oct.
• Peersman, Gert, 2011, "Macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1397, Nov.
• Bonci, Riccardo, 2011, "Monetary policy and the flow of funds in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1402, Dec.
• Gambacorta, Leonardo & Altunbas, Yener & Marqués-Ibáñez, David, 2012, "Do bank characteristics influence the effect of monetary policy on bank risk?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1427, Mar.
• De Santis, Roberto A., 2012, "Quantity theory is alive: the role of international portfolio shifts," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1435, May.
• Straub, Roland & Bilbiie, Florin O., 2012, "Asset market participation, monetary policy rules and the great inflation," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1438, May.
• Karadi, Peter & Reiff, Adam, 2012, "Large shocks in menu cost models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1453, Jul.
• Agur, Itai & Demertzis, Maria, 2012, "Excessive bank risk taking and monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1457, Aug.
• Abildgren, Kim, 2012, "Business cycles, monetary transmission and shocks to financial stability: empirical evidence from a new set of Danish quarterly national accounts 1948-2010," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1458, Aug.
• Drudi, Francesco & Durré, Alain & Mongelli, Francesco Paolo, 2012, "The interplay of economic reforms and monetary policy: the case of the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1467, Sep.
• Ponomarenko, Alexey & Vasilieva, Elena & Schobert, Franziska, 2012, "Feedback to the ECB's monetary analysis: the Bank of Russia's experience with some key tools," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1471, Sep.
• Durré, Alain & Beaupain, Renaud, 2012, "Nonlinear liquidity adjustments in the euro area overnight money market," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1500, Dec.
• De Santis, Roberto A. & Darracq Pariès, Matthieu, 2013, "A non-standard monetary policy shock: the ECB's 3-year LTROs and the shift in credit supply," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1508, Jan.
• Stracca, Livio & Fornari, Fabio, 2013, "What does a financial shock do? First international evidence," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1522, Mar.
• Ciccarelli, Matteo & Maddaloni, Angela & Peydró, José-Luis, 2013, "Heterogeneous transmission mechanism: monetary policy and financial fragility in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1527, Mar.
• Ehrmann, Michael & Osbat, Chiara & Stráský, Jan & Uusküla, Lenno, 2013, "The euro exchange rate during the European sovereign debt crisis - dancing to its own tune?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1532, Apr.
• Angelopoulou, Eleni & Balfoussia, Hiona & Gibson, Heather, 2013, "Building a financial conditions index for the euro area and selected euro area countries: what does it tell us about the crisis?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1541, May.
• Fratzscher, Marcel & Straub, Roland & Lo Duca, Marco, 2013, "On the international spillovers of US quantitative easing," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1557, Jun.
• Maddaloni, Angela & Peydró, José-Luis, 2013, "Monetary policy, macroprudential policy and banking stability: evidence from the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1560, Jul.
• Lo Duca, Marco & Hoerova, Marie & Bekaert, Geert, 2013, "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1565, Jul.
• De Santis, Roberto A. & Surico, Paolo, 2013, "Bank lending and monetary transmission in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1568, Jul.
• Coenen, Günter & Warne, Anders, 2013, "Risks to price stability, the zero lower bound and forward guidance: a real-time assessment," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1582, Aug.
• Popov, Alexander, 2013, "Monetary policy, bank capital and credit supply: a role for discouraged and informally rejected firms," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1593, Sep.
• Teles, Pedro & Uhlig, Harald, 2013, "Is quantity theory still alive?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1605, Nov.
• Affinito, Massimiliano, 2013, "Central bank refinancing, interbank markets and the hypothesis of liquidity hoarding: evidence from a euro-area banking system," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1607, Nov.
• Burgert, Matthias & Schmidt, Sebastian, 2013, "Dealing with a liquidity trap when government debt matters: optimal time-consistent monetary and fiscal policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1622, Dec.
• Fiorella De Fiore & Oreste Tristani, 2013, "Optimal Monetary Policy in a Model of the Credit Channel," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 123, issue 571, pages 906-931, September.
• Vadym Lepetyuk & Christian A. Stoltenberg, 2013, "Policy Announcements and Welfare," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 123, issue , pages 962-997, September.
• Elisa Faraglia & Albert Marcet & Rigas Oikonomou & Andrew Scott, 2013, "The Impact of Debt Levels and Debt Maturity on Inflation," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 0, issue , pages 164-192, February.
• Huixin Bi & Eric M. Leeper & Campbell Leith, 2013, "Uncertain Fiscal Consolidations," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 0, issue , pages 31-63, February.
• Giancarlo Corsetti & Keith Kuester & André Meier & Gernot J. Müller, 2013, "Sovereign Risk, Fiscal Policy, and Macroeconomic Stability," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 0, issue , pages 99-132, February.
• Christensen, Jens H. E. & Lopez, Jose A. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 2013, "A Probability-Based Stress Test of Federal Reserve Assets and Income," Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center, number 14-01, Dec.
• Nathaniel E. Urama & Moses O. Oduh & Emmanuel O. Nwosu & Augustine C. Odo, 2013, "Price Rigidity and Monetary Non-Neutrality in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 525-536.
• Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Alaa M. Soliman, 2013, "Stock Prices and Monetary Policy: An Impulse Response Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 701-709.
• Taha Bahadir Sarac & OkYAY Ucan, 2013, "The Interest Rate Channel in Turkey: An Investigation with Kalman Filter Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 4, pages 874-884.
• Joseph Ayoola Omojolaibi, 2013, "Does Volatility in Crude Oil Price Precipitate Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 143-152.
• Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Tan Lee Pei & Hafizah Abdul Rahim, 2013, "Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Economic Sectors in Malaysia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 4, pages 360-366.
• Bai, Yuting & Kirsanova, Tatiana, 2013, "Infrequent Fiscal Stabilization," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-17.
• Dennis, Richard & Kirsanova, Tatiana, 2013, "Expectations Traps and Coordination Failures with Discretionary Policymaking," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-18.
• Michael, Hatcher, 2013, "Aggregate and welfare effects of long run inflation risk under inflation and price-level targeting," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-19.
• Alberto, Montagnoli & Jun, Nagayasu, 2013, "An Investigation of Housing Affordability in the UK Regions," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-64.
• Kirsanova, Tatiana & le Roux, Stephanus, 2013, "Commitment vs. Discretion in the UK: An Empirical Investigation of the Monetary and Fiscal Policy Regime," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-52.
• Blake, Andrew P. & Kirsanova, Tatiana & Yates, Tony, 2013, "Monetary Policy Delegation and Equilibrium Coordination," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-54.
• Michael, Hatcher, 2013, "Indexed versus nominal government debt under inflation and price-level targeting," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-56.
• Florackis, Chris & Kontonikas, Alexandros & Kostakis, Alexandros, 2013, "Stock Market Liquidity and Macro-Liquidity Shocks: Evidence from the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-58.
• Devereux, Michael B & Senay, Ozge & Sutherland, Alan, 2013, "Nominal Stability and Financial Globalization," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-90.
• Montagnoli, Alberto & Nagayasu, Jun, 2013, "UK House Prices: Convergence Clubs and Spillovers," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-101.
• Michael Ehrmann & Chiara Osbat & Jan Strasky & Lenno Uuskula, 2013, "The Euro exchange rate during the European sovereign debt crisis � dancing to its own tune?," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2013-3, May, revised 24 May 2013.
• Gertrud Errit & Lenno Uuskula, 2013, "Euro Area monetary policy transmission in Estonia," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2013-7, Dec, revised 09 Dec 2013.
• Gaetano D’Adamo & Riccardo Rovelli, 2013, "The role of the Exchange Rate Regime in the process of Real and Nominal Convergence," Working Papers, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia, number 1314, Jun.
• Osorio, Carolina & Unsal, D. Filiz, 2013, "Inflation dynamics in Asia: Causes, changes, and spillovers from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 26-40, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2012.10.007.
• Kapur, Muneesh, 2013, "Revisiting the Phillips curve for India and inflation forecasting," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 25, issue C, pages 17-27, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2012.12.002.
• Ljungwall, Christer & Xiong, Yi & Yutong, Zou, 2013, "Central bank financial strength and the cost of sterilization in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 25, issue C, pages 105-116, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2012.03.010.
• Sun, Rongrong, 2013, "Does monetary policy matter in China? A narrative approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 56-74, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2013.03.003.
• Fischbacher, Urs & Hens, Thorsten & Zeisberger, Stefan, 2013, "The impact of monetary policy on stock market bubbles and trading behavior: Evidence from the lab," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 10, pages 2104-2122, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.04.004.
• Orland, Andreas & Roos, Michael W.M., 2013, "The New Keynesian Phillips curve with myopic agents," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 11, pages 2270-2286, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.05.015.
• Jones, Callum & Kulish, Mariano, 2013, "Long-term interest rates, risk premia and unconventional monetary policy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 12, pages 2547-2561, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.07.004.
• Buffie, Edward F., 2013, "The Taylor principle fights back, Part I," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 12, pages 2771-2795, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.08.003.
• Bofinger, Peter & Debes, Sebastian & Gareis, Johannes & Mayer, Eric, 2013, "Monetary policy transmission in a model with animal spirits and house price booms and busts," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 12, pages 2862-2881, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.08.002.