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Reducing CO2 from cars in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Sergey Paltsev

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Y.-H. Henry Chen

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Valerie Karplus

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Paul Kishimoto

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • John Reilly

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Andreas Löschel

    (University of Münster
    Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW)
    University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))

  • Kathrine Graevenitz

    (Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW))

  • Simon Koesler

    (University of Strathclyde)

Abstract

The European Union (EU) recently adopted CO2 emissions mandates for new passenger cars, requiring steady reductions to 95 gCO2/km in 2021. We use a multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which includes a private transportation sector with an empirically-based parameterization of the relationship between income growth and demand for vehicle miles traveled. The model also includes representation of fleet turnover, and opportunities for fuel use and emissions abatement, including representation of electric vehicles. We analyze the impact of the mandates on oil demand, CO2 emissions, and economic welfare, and compare the results to an emission trading scenario that achieves identical emissions reductions. We find that vehicle emission standards reduce CO2 emissions from transportation by about 50 MtCO2 and lower the oil expenditures by about €6 billion, but at a net added cost of €12 billion in 2020. Tightening CO2 standards further after 2021 would cost the EU economy an additional €24–63 billion in 2025, compared with an emission trading system that achieves the same economy-wide CO2 reduction. We offer a discussion of the design features for incorporating transport into the emission trading system.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergey Paltsev & Y.-H. Henry Chen & Valerie Karplus & Paul Kishimoto & John Reilly & Andreas Löschel & Kathrine Graevenitz & Simon Koesler, 2018. "Reducing CO2 from cars in the European Union," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 573-595, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:45:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s11116-016-9741-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s11116-016-9741-3
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    3. Dugan, Anna & Mayer, Jakob & Thaller, Annina & Bachner, Gabriel & Steininger, Karl W., 2022. "Developing policy packages for low-carbon passenger transport: A mixed methods analysis of trade-offs and synergies," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    4. Taran Faehn & Gabriel Bachner & Robert Beach & Jean Chateau & Shinichiro Fujimori & Madanmohan Ghosh & Meriem Hamdi-Cherif & Elisa Lanzi & Sergey Paltsev & Toon Vandyck & Bruno Cunha & Rafael Garaffa , 2020. "Capturing Key Energy and Emission Trends in CGE models: Assessment of Status and Remaining Challenges," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 5(1), pages 196-272, June.
    5. Wang, Sinan & Chen, Kangda & Zhao, Fuquan & Hao, Han, 2019. "Technology pathways for complying with Corporate Average Fuel Consumption regulations up to 2030: A case study of China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 257-277.
    6. Will, Christian & Zimmermann, Florian & Ensslen, Axel & Fraunholz, Christoph & Jochem, Patrick & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Can electric vehicle charging be carbon neutral? Uniting smart charging and renewables," Working Paper Series in Production and Energy 69, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production (IIP).
    7. Phillip K. Agbesi & Rico Ruffino & Marko Hakovirta, 2023. "The development of sustainable electric vehicle business ecosystems," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(8), pages 1-59, August.
    8. Jiang, Hong-Dian & Liu, Li-Jing & Dong, Kangyin & Fu, Yu-Wei, 2022. "How will sectoral coverage in the carbon trading system affect the total oil consumption in China? A CGE-based analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    9. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Peng, Tianduo & Ou, Xunmin, 2022. "Greenhouse gas life cycle analysis of China's fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty trucks under segmented usage scenarios and vehicle types," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).

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