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No student left behind? Relative feedback and university completion

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  • Brade, Raphael
  • Himmler, Oliver
  • Jäckle, Robert

Abstract

We present first evidence that relative feedback can improve both the speed and quality of university graduation. Providing students with ongoing relative feedback on accumulated course credits – a measure of progress toward degree completion – increases the likelihood of graduating within one year of the officially scheduled study duration by 3.7 percentage points (an 8 % increase), thus accelerating graduation by 0.15 semesters (0.12 SD). Importantly, this does not lead to a decline in performance: grades improve by 0.063 SD. There are, however, distributional implications that policymakers need to consider: outcomes of students with medium pre-treatment graduation probabilities improve when the feedback informs them of an above-average performance – otherwise, their outcomes deteriorate. Combined with survey evidence, the pattern of results suggests that learning about own ability is a plausible mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Brade, Raphael & Himmler, Oliver & Jäckle, Robert, 2026. "No student left behind? Relative feedback and university completion," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:241:y:2026:i:c:s0167268125005001
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107383
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Goller & Enzo Brox & Stefan C. Wolter, 2026. "Imperfect Self-knowledge about Skills and Skill Mismatch," Economics of Education Working Paper Series 0253, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW).

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