IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecofin/v54y2020ics1062940819301342.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Time-varying asymmetric volatility spillover between global markets and China’s A, B and H-shares using EGARCH and DCC-EGARCH models

Author

Listed:
  • Do, A.
  • Powell, R.
  • Yong, J.
  • Singh, A.

Abstract

This paper investigates the volatility spillover and dynamic conditional correlation between three types of China’s shares including A, B and H-shares with 12 major emerging and developed markets from 2002 to 2017 using EGARCH and multivariate DCC-EGARCH models. Both models found that Chinese equities are more related with their neighbouring countries such as Singapore, Japan, Australia and ASEAN-5 than with US, Germany and UK. The EGARCH model, with an auxiliary term added to capture the volatility spillover, found no volatility spillover between A-share markets and other advanced and emerging markets during the GFC and extended-crisis periods while this behaviour is not observed for B-share and H-share markets. However, the multivariate DCC model found strong evidence of contagion effect in both return correlations and volatility spillover for all China’s markets. In addition, both models found increased regional and global integration in A-share and B-share markets but not the H-share market. Finally, the results from both models provide clear evidence of distinct behaviours associated with return and volatility spillover in these three share types, suggesting foreign investors should consider the heterogeneity in volatility spillover and return correlations of these Chinese share types when forming investment strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Do, A. & Powell, R. & Yong, J. & Singh, A., 2020. "Time-varying asymmetric volatility spillover between global markets and China’s A, B and H-shares using EGARCH and DCC-EGARCH models," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:54:y:2020:i:c:s1062940819301342
    DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2019.101096
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062940819301342
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101096?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joanna Olbrys, 2013. "Price and Volatility Spillovers in the Case of Stock Markets Located in Different Time Zones," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(S2), pages 145-157, March.
    2. Ahmed Shamiri & Abu Hassan, 2005. "Modeling and Forecasting Volatility of the Malaysian and the Singaporean stock indices using Asymmetric GARCH models and Non-normal Densities," Econometrics 0509015, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Geert Bekaert & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Arnaud Mehl, 2014. "The Global Crisis and Equity Market Contagion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2597-2649, December.
    4. Zhuo Qiao & Weiwei Qiao & Wing-Keung Wong, 2010. "Examining Stock Volatility in the Segmented Chinese Stock Markets: A SWARCH Approach," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 225-246.
    5. Huo, Rui & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2017. "Return and volatility spillovers effects: Evaluating the impact of Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 260-272.
    6. Allen, David E. & Amram, Ron & McAleer, Michael, 2013. "Volatility spillovers from the Chinese stock market to economic neighbours," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 238-257.
    7. Andersen, Torben G & Bollerslev, Tim, 1997. "Heterogeneous Information Arrivals and Return Volatility Dynamics: Uncovering the Long-Run in High Frequency Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(3), pages 975-1005, July.
    8. Chang, Chia-Lin & McAleer, Michael & Tansuchat, Roengchai, 2013. "Conditional correlations and volatility spillovers between crude oil and stock index returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 116-138.
    9. Kin‐Yip Ho & Zhaoyong Zhang, 2012. "Dynamic Linkages among Financial Markets in the Greater China Region: A Multivariate Asymmetric Approach," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 500-523, April.
    10. Yilmaz, Kamil, 2010. "Return and volatility spillovers among the East Asian equity markets," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 304-313, June.
    11. Angelos Kanas, 2000. "Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: International Evidence," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3‐4), pages 447-467, April.
    12. Glick, Reuven & Hutchison, Michael, 2013. "China's financial linkages with Asia and the global financial crisis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 186-206.
    13. El Hedi Arouri, Mohamed & Jouini, Jamel & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "Volatility spillovers between oil prices and stock sector returns: Implications for portfolio management," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1387-1405.
    14. Parinaz Ezzati, 2013. "Analysis of Volatility Spillover Effects: Two-Stage Procedure Based on a Modified Garch-M," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 13-29, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
    15. Yanan Li & David E. Giles, 2015. "Modelling Volatility Spillover Effects Between Developed Stock Markets and Asian Emerging Stock Markets," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 155-177, March.
    16. Helen Higgs & Andrew Worthington, 2004. "Transmission of returns and volatility in art markets: a multivariate GARCH analysis," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 217-222.
    17. Martin T. Bohl & Pierre Siklos, 2004. "Empirical Evidence on Feedback Trading in Mature and Emerging Stock Markets," Research Paper Series 137, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    18. Syriopoulos, Theodore & Makram, Beljid & Boubaker, Adel, 2015. "Stock market volatility spillovers and portfolio hedging: BRICS and the financial crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 7-18.
    19. Jian Ke & Liming Wang & Louis Murray, 2010. "An empirical analysis of the volatility spillover effect between primary stock markets abroad and China," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 315-333.
    20. Andrew Worthington & Helen Higgs, 2004. "Transmission of equity returns and volatility in Asian developed and emerging markets: a multivariate GARCH analysis," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 9(1), pages 71-80.
    21. Tam, Pui Sun, 2014. "A spatial–temporal analysis of East Asian equity market linkages," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 304-327.
    22. Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2016. "Global financial crisis and spillover effects among the U.S. and BRICS stock markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 257-276.
    23. Robert F. Engle & Kevin Sheppard, 2001. "Theoretical and Empirical properties of Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate GARCH," NBER Working Papers 8554, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    24. Dungey, Mardi & Gajurel, Dinesh, 2014. "Equity market contagion during the global financial crisis: Evidence from the world's eight largest economies," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 161-177.
    25. Koutmos, Gregory & Booth, G Geoffrey, 1995. "Asymmetric volatility transmission in international stock markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 747-762, December.
    26. Hassan Mohammadi & Yuting Tan, 2015. "Return and Volatility Spillovers across Equity Markets in Mainland China, Hong Kong and the United States," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-18, April.
    27. Anders Johansson, 2010. "China's financial market integration with the world," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 293-314.
    28. Hassan, Syed Aun & Malik, Farooq, 2007. "Multivariate GARCH modeling of sector volatility transmission," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 470-480, July.
    29. Bollerslev, Tim, 1990. "Modelling the Coherence in Short-run Nominal Exchange Rates: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH Model," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(3), pages 498-505, August.
    30. Hussain, Saiful Izzuan & Li, Steven, 2018. "The dependence structure between Chinese and other major stock markets using extreme values and copulas," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 421-437.
    31. Karolyi, G Andrew, 1995. "A Multivariate GARCH Model of International Transmissions of Stock Returns and Volatility: The Case of the United States and Canada," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 13(1), pages 11-25, January.
    32. Boubaker, Heni & Sghaier, Nadia, 2013. "Portfolio optimization in the presence of dependent financial returns with long memory: A copula based approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 361-377.
    33. Dungey, Mardi & Gajurel, Dinesh, 2015. "Contagion and banking crisis – International evidence for 2007–2009," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 271-283.
    34. Tse, Y K & Tsui, Albert K C, 2002. "A Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model with Time-Varying Correlations," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 351-362, July.
    35. Zhou, Xiangyi & Zhang, Weijin & Zhang, Jie, 2012. "Volatility spillovers between the Chinese and world equity markets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 247-270.
    36. Engle, Robert F, 1982. "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July.
    37. Nelson, Daniel B, 1991. "Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(2), pages 347-370, March.
    38. Li, Hong, 2012. "The impact of China's stock market reforms on its international stock market linkages," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 358-368.
    39. Miyakoshi, Tatsuyoshi, 2003. "Spillovers of stock return volatility to Asian equity markets from Japan and the US," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 383-399, October.
    40. Wang, Ping & Wang, Peijie, 2010. "Price and volatility spillovers between the Greater China Markets and the developed markets of US and Japan," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 304-317.
    41. Pierdzioch, Christian, 2004. "Feedback Trading and Predictability of Stock Returns in Germany, 1880?1913," Kiel Working Papers 1213, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    42. Gyu-Hyen Moon & Wei-Choun Yu, 2010. "Volatility Spillovers between the US and China Stock Markets: Structural Break Test with Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH Approaches," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 129-149.
    43. Bekaert, Geert & Wu, Guojun, 2000. "Asymmetric Volatility and Risk in Equity Markets," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(1), pages 1-42.
    44. Zhao, Hua, 2010. "Dynamic relationship between exchange rate and stock price: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 103-112, June.
    45. Ping Wang & Peijie Wang, 2011. "Asymmetry in return reversals or asymmetry in volatilities?—New evidence from new markets," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 271-285.
    46. Yang-Chao Wang & Jui-Jung Tsai & Qiaoqiao Li, 2017. "Policy Impact on the Chinese Stock Market: From the 1994 Bailout Policies to the 2015 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, January.
    47. Yan Fang & Ling Liu & JinZhi Liu, 2015. "A dynamic double asymmetric copula generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model: application to China's and US stock market," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 327-346, February.
    48. repec:wyi:journl:002183 is not listed on IDEAS
    49. Park, Beum-Jo, 2011. "Asymmetric herding as a source of asymmetric return volatility," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2657-2665, October.
    50. Paul De Grauwe & Zhaoyong Zhang & Kin-Yip Ho & Yanlin Shi & Zhaoyong Zhang, 2016. "It takes two to tango: A regime-switching analysis of the correlation dynamics between the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong stock markets," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 63(1), pages 41-65, February.
    51. Enrique Sentana, 1995. "Quadratic ARCH Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 62(4), pages 639-661.
    52. Engle, Robert, 2002. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 339-350, July.
    53. Hamao, Yasushi & Masulis, Ronald W & Ng, Victor, 1990. "Correlations in Price Changes and Volatility across International Stock Markets," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(2), pages 281-307.
    54. Kent Wang & Li Miao & Jiawei Li, 2013. "Two-Factor Decomposition Analysis for Correlation between Mainland C hina and H ong K ong Stock Markets," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 13(1), pages 93-110, March.
    55. S.T. Boris Choy & Cathy W.S. Chen & Edward M.H. Lin, 2014. "Bivariate asymmetric GARCH models with heavy tails and dynamic conditional correlations," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(7), pages 1297-1313, July.
    56. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    57. Dima Alberg & Haim Shalit & Rami Yosef, 2008. "Estimating stock market volatility using asymmetric GARCH models," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(15), pages 1201-1208.
    58. Kenourgios, Dimitris & Samitas, Aristeidis & Paltalidis, Nikos, 2011. "Financial crises and stock market contagion in a multivariate time-varying asymmetric framework," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 92-106, February.
    59. Pratap Chandra Pati & Prabina Rajib, 2010. "Volatility persistence and trading volume in an emerging futures market: Evidence from NSE Nifty stock index futures," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 11(3), pages 296-309, May.
    60. R C Royfaizal & C Lee & M Azali, 2009. "The Linkages of Asian and the US Stock Markets," The IUP Journal of Financial Economics, IUP Publications, vol. 0(2), pages 74-90, June.
    61. Mario Reyes, 2001. "Asymmetric volatility spillover in the Tokyo stock exchange," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 25(2), pages 206-213, June.
    62. Ling Hu, 2006. "Dependence patterns across financial markets: a mixed copula approach," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(10), pages 717-729.
    63. Reboredo, Juan C. & Rivera-Castro, Miguel A. & Ugolini, Andrea, 2016. "Downside and upside risk spillovers between exchange rates and stock prices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 76-96.
    64. Li, Hong & Majerowska, Ewa, 2008. "Testing stock market linkages for Poland and Hungary: A multivariate GARCH approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 247-266, September.
    65. So, Mike K.P. & Yeung, Cherry Y.T., 2014. "Vine-copula GARCH model with dynamic conditional dependence," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 655-671.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jung-Bin Su, 2022. "The Research on the Interactions between the Emerging and Developed Markets: From Region and Structural Break Perspectives," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-38, April.
    2. Chung, Chien-Ping & Liao, Tzu-Hsiang & Lee, Hsiu-Chuan, 2021. "Volatility spillovers of A- and B-shares for the Chinese stock market and its impact on the Chinese index returns," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Cheng, Tingting & Xing, Shuo & Yao, Wenying, 2022. "An examination of herding behaviour of the Chinese mutual funds: A time-varying perspective," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vuong, Giang Thi Huong & Nguyen, Manh Huu & Huynh, Anh Ngoc Quang, 2022. "Volatility spillovers from the Chinese stock market to the U.S. stock market: The role of the COVID-19 pandemic," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 26(C).
    2. Kundu, Srikanta & Sarkar, Nityananda, 2016. "Return and volatility interdependences in up and down markets across developed and emerging countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 297-311.
    3. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven, 2016. "Information transmission between U.S. and China index futures markets: An asymmetric DCC GARCH approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 884-897.
    4. Roni Bhowmik & Wang Shouyang & Abbas Ghulam, 2018. "Return and Volatility Spillovers Effects: Study of Asian Emerging Stock Markets," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 6(2), pages 97-119, April.
    5. Abdul Hakim & Michael McAleer, 2010. "Modelling the interactions across international stock, bond and foreign exchange markets," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(7), pages 825-850.
    6. Imran Yousaf & Shoaib Ali & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "An Empirical Analysis of the Volatility Spillover Effect between World-Leading and the Asian Stock Markets: Implications for Portfolio Management," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-28, September.
    7. Baruník, Jozef & Kočenda, Evžen & Vácha, Lukáš, 2016. "Asymmetric connectedness on the U.S. stock market: Bad and good volatility spillovers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 55-78.
    8. Afees A. Salisu & Kazeem Isah, 2017. "Modeling the spillovers between stock market and money market in Nigeria," Working Papers 023, Centre for Econometric and Allied Research, University of Ibadan.
    9. Roy, Rudra Prosad & Sinha Roy, Saikat, 2017. "Financial contagion and volatility spillover: An exploration into Indian commodity derivative market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 368-380.
    10. Giorgio Canarella & Stephen M. Miller & Stephen K. Pollard, 2008. "Dynamic Stock Market Interactions between the Canadian, Mexican, and the United States Markets: The NAFTA Experience," Working papers 2008-49, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    11. Yarovaya, Larisa & Brzeszczyński, Janusz & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2017. "Asymmetry in spillover effects: Evidence for international stock index futures markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 94-111.
    12. Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata & Rogowicz, Karol & Kurowski, Łukasz & Smaga, Paweł, 2021. "Two decades of contagion effect on stock markets: Which events are more contagious?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. Khamis Hamed Al‐Yahyaee & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Walid Mensi & Seong‐Min Yoon, 2021. "Is there a systemic risk between Sharia, Sukuk, and GCC stock markets? A ΔCoVaR risk metric‐based copula approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2904-2926, April.
    14. Pan, Qunxing & Mei, Xiaowen & Gao, Tianqing, 2022. "Modeling dynamic conditional correlations with leverage effects and volatility spillover effects: Evidence from the Chinese and US stock markets affected by the recent trade friction," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    15. Tsuji, Chikashi, 2020. "Correlation and spillover effects between the US and international banking sectors: New evidence and implications for risk management," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    16. Ndiweni, Zinzile Lorna & Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo, 2022. "Contagion or decoupling? Evidence from emerging stock markets," MPRA Paper 115170, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Dean, Warren G. & Faff, Robert W. & Loudon, Geoffrey F., 2010. "Asymmetry in return and volatility spillover between equity and bond markets in Australia," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 272-289, June.
    18. Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu & Eduard Mihai Manta & Razvan Gabriel Hapau & Mihaela Gruiescu & Oana Mihaela Vacaru (Boita), 2023. "Exploring the Contagion Effect from Developed to Emerging CEE Financial Markets," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-50, January.
    19. Dahiru A. Balaa & Taro Takimotob, 2017. "Stock markets volatility spillovers during financial crises: A DCC-MGARCH with skewed-t density approach," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 17(1), pages 25-48, March.
    20. Aboura, Sofiane & Chevallier, Julien, 2015. "Volatility returns with vengeance: Financial markets vs. commodities," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 334-354.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    EGARCH; Volatility spillover; Leverage effect; Global stock market; GFC;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:54:y:2020:i:c:s1062940819301342. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620163 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.