Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ Q: Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
/ / Q5: Environmental Economics
/ / / Q54: Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. Climate economics
2. Emission scenarios
3. Abatement costs
4. Distribution of abatement costs
5. Policy instruments
6. Impacts of climate change
7. Natural disasters
8. Impact of weather shocks
9. Social cost of carbon
10. Climate and development
11. Optimal climate policy
12. Discounting
13. Uncertainty
14. International agreements
15. Experimental evidence
16. Adaptation
17. Equity
18. Ex-post evaluation of climate policy
19. Carbon taxes

2014

• Giraud, Pierre-Noël (ed.), 2014, "La comptabilité des émissions de gaz à effet de serre par enjeu : un outil d'analyse des impacts du changement climatique sur les activités d'une banque de financement et d'investissement," Economics Thesis from University Paris Dauphine, Paris Dauphine University, number 123456789/14275.
• François Roubaud & Constance Torelli & Claire Zanuso, 2014, "Le marché du travail en Haïti après le séisme : quelle place pour les jeunes ?," Working Papers, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation), number DT/2014/03, Jan.
• Jérémie Gignoux & Marta Menendez, 2014, "Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long-run effects of earthquakes on welfare in rural Indonesia," Working Papers, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation), number DT/2014/15, Oct.
• Isabel Teichmann, 2014, "Climate Protection through Biochar in German Agriculture: Potentials and Costs," DIW Economic Bulletin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 4, issue 4, pages 17-26.
• Claudia Kemfert & Christian von Hirschhausen & Casimir Lorenz, 2014, "European Energy and Climate Policy Requires Ambitious Targets for 2030," DIW Economic Bulletin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 4, issue 8, pages 17-26.
• Nicolas R. Ziebarth & Maike Schmitt & Martin Karlsson, 2014, "The Short-Term Population Health Effects of Weather and Pollution: Implications of Climate Change," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), number 646.
• Isabel Teichmann, 2014, "Klimaschutz durch Biokohle in der deutschen Landwirtschaft: Potentiale und Kosten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 81, issue 1/2, pages 3-13.
• Claudia Kemfert & Christian von Hirschhausen & Casimir Lorenz, 2014, "Europäische Energie- und Klimapolitik braucht ambitionierte Ziele für 2030," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 81, issue 10, pages 175-185.
• Margherita Calderone, 2014, "Die Wirkung von Wetterschocks auf Gewalt: eine Fallstudie aus Ostafrika," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 81, issue 41, pages 1029-1033.
• Gunter Stephan & Georg Müller-Fürstenberger, 2014, "Global Warming, Technological Change and Trade in Carbon Energy: Challenge or Threat?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1397.
• Isabel Teichmann, 2014, "Technical Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation Potentials of Biochar Soil Incorporation in Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1406.
• Fumio Ohtake & Naoko Okuyama & Masaru Sasaki & Kengo Yasui, 2014, "The Long-term Impact of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake on Wage Distribution," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 0897, Apr.
• Claire Nicolas & Valérie Saint-Antonin & Stéphane Tchung-Ming, 2014, "(How) does sectoral detail affect the robustness of policy insights from energy system models? The refining sector's example," EconomiX Working Papers, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX, number 2014-56.
• Roberto Ponce & María Blanco & Carlo Giupponi, 2014, "Climate Change, Water Scarcity in Agriculture and the Country-Level Economic Impacts. A Multimarket Analysis," Serie Working Papers, Universidad del Desarrollo, School of Business and Economics, number 02, Oct, revised Nov 2014.
• Jan Goebel & Christian Krekel & Tim Tiefenbach & Nicholas R. Ziebarth, 2014, "Natural Disaster, Environmental Concerns, Well-Being and Policy Action," CINCH Working Paper Series, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Competent in Competition and Health, number 1405, May.
• Mehdi Shiva & Andrzej Kwiatkowski, 2014, "Temper and Temperature: The Missing Link of Climate on Armed Conflicts," Dundee Discussion Papers in Economics, Economic Studies, University of Dundee, number 282, Dec.
• Renaud Foucart & Grégoire Garsous, 2014, "Climate Change Mitigation with Technology Spillovers," Working Papers ECARES, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, number ECARES 2014-50, Nov.
• Ranson, Matthew & Stavins, Robert N., 2014, "Linkage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems: Learning from Experience," Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, number rwp14-012, Feb.
• Aldy, Joseph E. & Pizer, William A., 2014, "The Competitiveness Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Policies," Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, number rwp14-025, May.
• P.B. Eregha & J.S. Babatolu & R.T. Akinnubi, 2014, "Climate Change and Crop Production in Nigeria: An Error Correction Modelling Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, volume 4, issue 2, pages 297-311.
• Hussain Ali Bekhet & Lee Lian Ivy-Yap, 2014, "Highlighting Energy Policies and Strategies for the Residential Sector in Malaysia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, volume 4, issue 3, pages 448-456.
• Cepal (ed.), 2014, "La economía del cambio climático en el Perú," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 37419.
• -, 2014, "La economía del cambio climático en el Perú," Documentos de Proyectos, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 37419, Dec.
• Shiva, Mehdi & Kwiatkowski, Andrzej, 2014, "Temper and Temperature: The Missing Link of Climate on Armed Conflicts," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2015-30, Dec.
• Zhu, Zhi-Shuang & Liao, Hua & Cao, Huai-Shu & Wang, Lu & Wei, Yi-Ming & Yan, Jinyue, 2014, "The differences of carbon intensity reduction rate across 89 countries in recent three decades," Applied Energy, Elsevier, volume 113, issue C, pages 808-815, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.062.
• Yu, Shiwei & Wei, Yi-Ming & Guo, Haixiang & Ding, Liping, 2014, "Carbon emission coefficient measurement of the coal-to-power energy chain in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, volume 114, issue C, pages 290-300, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.062.
• Sofia Teives HENRIQUES & Karol Jan BOROWIECKI, 2014, "The Drivers of Long-run CO2 Emissions: A Global Perspective since 1800," Trinity Economics Papers, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics, number tep0314, Sep.
• Brian Blankespoor & Alan Basist & Ariel Dinar & Shlomi Dinar & Harold Houba & Neil Thomas, 2014, "Assessing the Economic and Political Impacts of Climate Change on International River Basins using Surface Wetness in the Zambezi and Mekong Basins," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-005/II, Jan.
• Masako Ikefuji & Jan Magnus & Hiroaki Sakamoto, 2014, "Adaptation for Mitigation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-126/III, Sep.
• Ryo Horii & Masako Ikefuji, 2014, "Environment and Growth," DSSR Discussion Papers, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, number 21, Feb.
• Lukas Hakelberg, 2014, "Governance by Diffusion: Transnational Municipal Networks and the Spread of Local Climate Strategies in Europe," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 1, pages 107-129, February.
• Rebecca Pearse, 2014, "Review Essay: Climate Capitalism and its Discontents," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 1, pages 130-135, February.
• James Morton Turner, 2014, "Counting Carbon: The Politics of Carbon Footprints and Climate Governance from the Individual to the Global," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 1, pages 59-78, February.
• So Young Kim & Yael Wolinsky-Nahmias, 2014, "Cross-National Public Opinion on Climate Change: The Effects of Affluence and Vulnerability," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 1, pages 79-106, February.
• Paul Wapner, 2014, "Climate Suffering," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 2, pages 1-6, May.
• Mattias Hjerpe & Katarina Buhr, 2014, "Frames of Climate Change in Side Events from Kyoto to Durban," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 2, pages 102-121, May.
• Ian D. Lloyd & Michael Oppenheimer, 2014, "On the Design of an International Governance Framework for Geoengineering," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 2, pages 45-63, May.
• Jennifer Hadden, 2014, "Explaining Variation in Transnational Climate Change Activism: The Role of Inter-Movement Spillover," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 2, pages 7-25, May.
• Jarrod Hayes & Janelle Knox-Hayes, 2014, "Security in Climate Change Discourse: Analyzing the Divergence between US and EU Approaches to Policy," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 2, pages 82-101, May.
• Paul Wapner, 2014, "The Changing Nature of Nature: Environmental Politics in the Anthropocene," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 14, issue 4, pages 36-54, November.
• David Walker, 2014, "The Economic Potential for Forest-Based Carbon Sequestration under Different Emissions Targets and Accounting Schemes," Working Papers, School of Economics, La Trobe University, number 2014.02.
• Amigues, Jean-Pierre & Lafforgue, Gilles & Moreaux, Michel, 2014, "Optimal Timing of Carbon Capture and Storage Policies Under Learning-by-doing," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 14-472, Feb.
• Gollier, Christian, 2014, "Gamma discounters are short-termist," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 14-499, Jun, revised Oct 2014.
• Amigues, Jean-Pierre & Lafforgue, Gilles & Moreaux, Michel, 2014, "Optimal Timing of CCS Policies under Decreasing Returns to Scale," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 14-529, May.
• Sheetal Sekhri & Adam Storeygard, 2014, "Dowry Deaths:Response to Weather Variability in India," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University, Department of Economics, Tufts University, number 0787.
• Gilbert E. Metcalf, 2014, "Using the Tax System to Address Competition Issues with a Carbon Tax," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University, Department of Economics, Tufts University, number 0789.
• Michela Faccioli & Antoni Riera Font & Catalina M. Torres, 2014, "Valuing The Recreational Benefits Of Wetland Adaptation To Climate Change: A Trade-Off Between Species’ Abundance And Diversity," DEA Working Papers, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament d'Economía Aplicada, number 64.
• Michela Faccioli & Catalina M. Torres & Antoni Riera Font, 2014, "Decision making under inherent uncertainty: does preference analysis play a role in the design of wetland adaptation to climate change?," DEA Working Papers, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament d'Economía Aplicada, number 66.
• Joshua Linn & Erin Mastrangelo & Dallas Burtraw, 2014, "Regulating Greenhouse Gases from Coal Power Plants under the Clean Air Act," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 1, issue 1, pages 97-134, DOI: 10.1086/676038.
• Martin L. Weitzman, 2014, "Can Negotiating a Uniform Carbon Price Help to Internalize the Global Warming Externality?," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 1, issue 1, pages 29-49, DOI: 10.1086/676039.
• Kathy Baylis & Don Fullerton & Daniel H. Karney, 2014, "Negative Leakage," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 1, issue 1, pages 51-73, DOI: 10.1086/676449.
• Fuhai Hong & Larry Karp, 2014, "International Environmental Agreements with Endogenous or Exogenous Risk," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 1, issue 3, pages 365-394, DOI: 10.1086/677940.
• Mads Greaker & Michael Hoel & Knut Einar Rosendahl, 2014, "Does a Renewable Fuel Standard for Biofuels Reduce Climate Costs?," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 1, issue 3, pages 337-363, DOI: 10.1086/678189.
• Joshua Graff Zivin & Matthew Neidell, 2014, "Temperature and the Allocation of Time: Implications for Climate Change," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, volume 32, issue 1, pages 1-26, DOI: 10.1086/671766.
• Mariana Saidón, 2014, "Climate change: perceptions, behaviors and policies considering aggregate phenomena," Economía, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (IIES). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, Venezuela, volume 39, issue 38, pages 87-109, july-dece.
• Emek Basker & Javier Miranda, 2014, "Taken by Storm: Business Financing, Survival, and Contagion in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Missouri, number 1406, Mar, revised 23 Oct 2014.
• Giménez Gómez, José M. (José Manuel) & Teixidó Figueras, Jordi Josep & Vilella Bach, Misericòrdia, 2014, "The global carbon budget:a conflicting claims problem," Working Papers, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics, number 2072/237597.
• Kazi Iqbal & Abu Siddique, 2014, "The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Panel Data of Bangladesh," Economics Discussion / Working Papers, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics, number 14-29.
• Juncal Cunado & Susana Ferreira, 2014, "The Macroeconomic Impacts of Natural Disasters: The Case of Floods," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 90, issue 1, pages 149-168.
• Jeffrey Czajkowski & Kevin M. Simmons, 2014, "Convective Storm Vulnerability: Quantifying the Role of Effective and Well-Enforced Building Codes in Minimizing Missouri Hail Property Damage," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 90, issue 3, pages 482-508.
• William M. Shobe & Charles A. Holt & Thaddeus Huetteman, 2014, "Elements of emission market design: an experimental analysis of California's market for greenhouse gas allowances," Working Papers, Center for Economic and Policy Studies, number 2014-01, Apr.
• Noy, Ilan & Patel, Pooja, 2014, "Floods and spillovers: Households after the 2011 great flood in Thailand," Working Paper Series, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Economics and Finance, number 18853.
• Sakib Mahmud & Gazi Mainul Hassan, 2014, "Consequences of Public Programs and Private Transfers on Household Investment in Storm Protection," Working Papers in Economics, University of Waikato, number 14/01, Feb.
• Hongxiu Li & Horatiu A. Rus, 2014, "Adaptation to Climate Change and International Mitigation Agreements with Heterogeneous Countries," Working Papers, University of Waterloo, Department of Economics, number 1408, Oct, revised Oct 2014.
• Fortmannm Lea & Salas, Paula Cordero & Sohngen, Brent & Roe, Brian, 2014, "Incentive contracts for environmental services and their potential in REDD," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 6829, Apr.
• Henderson, J. Vernon & Storeygard, Adam & Deichmann, Uwe, 2014, "50 years of urbanization in Africa : examining the role of climate change," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 6925, Jun.
• Steinbuks, Jevgenijs & Hertel, Thomas W., 2014, "Confronting the food-energy-environment trilemma : global land use in the long run," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 6928, Jun.
• Lecuyer, Oskar & Vogt-Schilb, Adrien, 2014, "Optimal transition from coal to gas and renewable power under capacity constraints and adjustment costs," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 6985, Jul.
• Audoly, Richard & Vogt-Schilb, Adrien & Guivarch, Celine, 2014, "Pathways toward zero-carbon electricity required for climate stabilization," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 7075, Oct.
• Hertel, Thomas W. & Steinbuks, Jevgenijs & Tyner, Wallace E., 2014, "What is the social value of second-generation biofuels ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 7142, Dec.
• Katsuhito Nohara, 2014, "Economic Valuation of the Damage to Tourism Benefits by Eastern Japan Great Earthquake Disaster," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p1017, Nov.
• Naoki Sakamoto & Kazunori Nakajima, 2014, "Measurement of use value and non-use value of environmental quality consistent with general equilibrium approach," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p1105, Nov.
• Yuri Yegorov, 2014, "Energy Transition to Renewables: Problems," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p39, Nov.
• Yuzuru Miyata & Hiroyuki Shibusawa & Indrawan Permana, 2014, "Economic Analysis of Illegal Settlements in Flood Prone Areas in Palangkaraya City in Indonesia - A General Equilibrium Approach -," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p527, Nov.
• Kazunori Nakajima & Hisayoshi Morisugi & Masafumi Morisugi & Naoki Sakamoto, 2014, "Measurement of flood damage due to climate change by dynamic spatial computable general equilibrium model," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p673, Nov.
• Dmitry V. Kovalevsky & Klaus Hasselmann, 2014, "Modelling the impacts of a national carbon tax in a country with inhomogeneous regional development: an actor-based system-dynamic approach," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p743, Nov.
• Vinicius Vale & Fernando Perobelli, 2014, "International Trade And Emissions: An Longitudinal Input-Output Analysis," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa14p855, Nov.
• Marisa Beck, Randall Wigle, 2014, "Carbon Revenue: Recycling versus Technological Incentives," LCERPA Working Papers, Laurier Centre for Economic Research and Policy Analysis, number 0079, Jan, revised 13 Jan 2014.
• Marisa Beck, Nicholas Rivers, Randall Wigle, Hidemichi Yonezawa, 2014, "Carbon Tax and Revenue Recycling: Impacts on Households in British Columbia," LCERPA Working Papers, Laurier Centre for Economic Research and Policy Analysis, number 0080, Sep, revised 07 Sep 2014.
• Frederick Van Der Ploeg & Cees Withagen, 2014, "Growth, Renewables, And The Optimal Carbon Tax," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, volume 55, issue 1, pages 283-311, February, DOI: 10.1111/iere.12049.
• Barry Anderson & Emanuele Borgonovo & Marzio Galeotti & Roberto Roson, 2014, "Uncertainty in Climate Change Modeling: Can Global Sensitivity Analysis Be of Help?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, volume 34, issue 2, pages 271-293, February, DOI: 10.1111/risa.12117.
• Timothy Laing & Misato Sato & Michael Grubb & Claudia Comberti, 2014, "The effects and side‐effects of the EU emissions trading scheme," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, volume 5, issue 4, pages 509-519, July, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.283.
• Grossi, Luigi & Heim, Sven & Waterson, Michael, 2014, "A vision of the European energy future? The impact of the German response to the Fukushima earthquake," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS), University of Warwick, Department of Economics, number 1047.
• T. Kober & B. C. C. Van Der Zwaan & H. Rösler, 2014, "Emission Certificate Trade And Costs Under Regional Burden-Sharing Regimes For A 2°C Climate Change Control Target," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 01, pages 1-32, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814400016.
• Shreekant Gupta & Partha Sen & Suchita Srinivasan, 2014, "Impact Of Climate Change On The Indian Economy: Evidence From Food Grain Yields," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 02, pages 1-29, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500018.
• Valentina Bosetti & Jeffrey Frankel, 2014, "Sustainable Cooperation In Global Climate Policy: Specific Formulas And Emission Targets," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 03, pages 1-34, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500067.
• Alex L. Marten, 2014, "The Role Of Scenario Uncertainty In Estimating The Benefits Of Carbon Mitigation," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 03, pages 1-29, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500079.
• Shurojit Chatterji & Sayantan Ghosal & Sean Walsh & John Whalley, 2014, "Unilateral Emissions Mitigation, Spillovers, And Global Learning," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 03, pages 1-16, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500080.
• MASSIMO TAVONI & ELMAR KRIEGLER & TINO ABOUMAHBOUB & KATE CALVIN & GAUTHIER DE MAERE & MARSHALL WISE & DAVID KLEIN & JESSICA JEWELL & TOM KOBER & PAUL LUCAS & GUNNAR LUDERER & DAVID McCOLLUM & GIACOMO, 2014, "Erratum: "The Distribution Of The Major Economies' Effort In The Durban Platform Scenarios"," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 03, pages 1-2, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814920018.
• Anubhab Pattanayak & K. S. Kavi Kumar, 2014, "Weather Sensitivity Of Rice Yield: Evidence From India," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 04, pages 1-24, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500110.
• Daiju Narita & Martin F. Quaas, 2014, "Adaptation To Climate Change And Climate Variability: Do It Now Or Wait And See?," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 5, issue 04, pages 1-28, DOI: 10.1142/S2010007814500134.
• Lin Guo, 2014, "Co2emissions And Regional Income Disparity: Evidence From China," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 59, issue 01, pages 1-20, DOI: 10.1142/S0217590814500076.
• Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley (ed.), 2014, "The Global Development of Policy Regimes to Combat Climate Change," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number 8949, ISBN: ARRAY(0x5d8a8078), May.
• James Rydge & Samuela Bassi, 2014, "Global Cooperation and Understanding to Accelerate Climate Action," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 1, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Samuela Bassi & Alex Bowen, 2014, "The US and Action on Climate Change," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 2, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Mou Wang & Huishan Lian & Yamin Zhou, 2014, "Challenges and Reality: China's Dilemma on Durban Platform Negotiation," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 3, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Ruth Kattumuri & Darshini Ravindranath, 2014, "Sustainable Growth and Climate Change: Evolution of India's Strategies," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 4, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Christian Egenhofer & Monica Alessi, 2014, "After Copenhagen and the Economic Crisis: Does the EU Need to Go Back to the Drawing Board?," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 5, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Alex Bowen, 2014, "The Scope for “Green Growth” and a New Technological Revolution," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 6, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Scott Barrett, 2014, "Negotiating to Avoid “Dangerous” Climate Change," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 7, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Shurojit Chatterji & Sayantan Ghosal & Sean Walsh & John Whalley, 2014, "Unilateral Measures and Emissions Mitigation," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 8, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Sean Walsh & John Whalley, 2014, "Compliance Mechanisms in Global Climate Regimes: Kyoto and Post-Kyoto," World Scientific Book Chapters, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., chapter 9, in: Nicholas Stern & Alex Bowen & John Whalley, "THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY REGIMES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE".
• Pitchayaporn Tantihkarnchana & Gregmar Galinato, 2014, "The Amenity Value of Climate Change Across Different Regions in the United States," Working Papers, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, number 2014-9, Dec.
• Mihai Mutascu, 2014, "Influence of climate conditions on tax revenues," Contemporary Economics, Vizja University, volume 8, issue 3, September.
• Yuri Yevdokimov, 2014, "Modelling Economic Consequences of Climate Change Impacts on Ground Transportation in Atlantic Canada," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, volume 17, issue 1, pages 87-94, May.
• Strulik, Holger & Trimborn, Timo, 2014, "Natural disasters and macroeconomic performance: The role of residential investment," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, number 194.
• Strulik, Holger & Trimborn, Timo, 2014, "Natural disasters and macroeconomic performance: The role of residential investment," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, number 194 [rev.].
• Hampf, Benjamin & Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, 2014, "Optimal profits under environmental regulation: The benefits from emission intensity averaging," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Law and Economics, number 220.
• Lane, Jan-Erik, 2014, "The Global Contradiction of the 21rst Century," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 1, issue 2, pages 126-132, DOI: 10.1453/jepe.v1i2.60.
• Nachtigall, Daniel & Rübbelke, Dirk, 2014, "The green Paradox and Learning-by-Doing in the renewable energy sector," Discussion Papers, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics, number 2014/31.
• Fernández, Francisco J. & Blanco, Maria, 2014, "Integration of biophysical and agro-economic models to assess the economic effects of climate change on agriculture: A review of global and EU regional approaches," Economics Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2014-48.
• Ye, Liming & Tang, Huajun & Wu, Wenbin & Yang, Peng & Nelson, Gerald C. & Mason-D'Croz, Daniel & Palazzo, Amanda, 2014, "Chinese food security and climate change: Agriculture futures," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 8, pages 1-39, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2014-.
• Gwatipedza, Johnson & Barbier, Edward, 2014, "Environmental regulation of a global pollution externality in a bilateral trade framework: The case of global warming, China and the US," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 8, pages 1-37, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2014-.
• Waldhoff, Stephanie & Anthoff, David & Rose, Steven K. & Tol, Richard S. J., 2014, "The marginal damage costs of different greenhouse gases: An application of FUND," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 8, pages 1-33, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2014-.
• Kim, Youngwan & Nunnenkamp, Peter & Bagchi, Chandreyee, 2014, "Natural disasters and private donations to NGOs: The effects of being present after the Tsunami in the Indian Ocean," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1890.
• Merk, Christine & Pönitzsch, Gert & Kniebes, Carola & Rehdanz, Katrin & Schmidt, Ulrich, 2014, "Exploring public perception of solar radiation management," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1892.
• Petrick, Sebastian & Wagner, Ulrich J., 2014, "The impact of carbon trading on industry: Evidence from German manufacturing firms," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1912.
• Exenberger, Andreas & Pondorfer, Andreas & Wolters, Maik H., 2014, "Estimating the impact of climate change on agricultural production: Accounting for technology heterogeneity across countries," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1920.
• Weitzel, Matthias, 2014, "Worse off from reduced cost? The role of policy design under uncertain technological advancement," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1926.
• Kniebes, Carola & Merk, Christine & Pönitzsch, Gert & Rehdanz, Katrin & Schmidt, Ulrich, 2014, "Informed and uninformed opinions on new measures to address climate change," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1936.
• Ankamah-Yeboah, Isaac & Rehdanz, Katrin, 2014, "Explaining the variation in the value of building energy efficiency certificates: A quantitative meta-analysis," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1949.
• Chrischilles, Esther & Mahammadzadeh, Mahammad, 2014, "Wahrnehmung des Klimawandels in deutschen Großunternehmen: Erkenntnisse aus dem Carbon Disclosure Project," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, volume 41, issue 1, pages 3-16, DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.14-01-01.
• Röder, Norbert & Osterburg, Bernhard & Liebersbach, Horst & Bormann, Kristin, 2014, "Faktencheck Agrarpolitik: Beitrag der EU-Agrarreform zur Bewirtschaftung organischer Böden im Einklang mit Natur- und Klimaschutz - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen," Thünen Working Papers, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, number 24, DOI: 10.3220/WP_24_2014.
• Trela, Karl, 2014, "Klimaanpassung als wirtschaftspolitisches Handlungsfeld," Working Papers, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Economics and Management Science, number 131.
• Trela, Karl, 2014, "Politische Klimaanpassungsentscheidungen in Deutschland - Defizite und Ansatzpunkte für Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme
  [Political climate adaptation decisions in Germany - shortcomings and applications for decision support systems]," Working Papers, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Economics and Management Science, number 134.
• Sijm, Jos & Lehmann, Paul & Chewpreecha, Unnada & Gawel, Erik & Mercure, Jean-Francois & Pollitt, Hector & Strunz, Sebastian, 2014, "EU climate and energy policy beyond 2020: Are additional targets and instruments for renewables economically reasonable?," UFZ Discussion Papers, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS), number 3/2014.
• Pethig, Rüdiger & Eichner, Thomas, 2014, "Self-enforcing international environmental agreements and trade: taxes versus caps," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100342.
• Saam, Marianne & Papageorgiou, Chris & Schulte, Patrick, 2014, "Elasticity of Substitution between Clean and Dirty Energy Inputs - A Macroeconomic Perspective," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100414.
• Ziegler, Andreas & Schwirplies, Claudia, 2014, "The determinants of voluntary carbon offsetting: A micro-econometric analysis of individuals from Germany and the United States," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100422.
• Wagner, Ulrich & Petrick, Sebastian, 2014, "The Impact of Carbon Trading on Industry: Evidence from German Manufacturing Firms," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100472.
• Tutt, Jascha & Berlemann, Michael & Steinhardt, Max, 2014, "Behavioural Responses on Natural Disasters. Empirical Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100526.
• Dascher, Kristof, 2014, "City Silhouette, World Climate," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100538.
• Hille, Erik, 2014, "Pollution havens: International empirical evidence using a shadow price measure of climate policy stringency," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100551.
• Borck, Rainald, 2014, "Will skyscrapers save the planet?," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 100566.
• Honeck, Dale & Akhtar, Md. Shoaib, 2014, "Achieving Bangladesh's tourism potential: Linkages to export diversification, employment generation and the "green economy"," WTO Staff Working Papers, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division, number ERSD-2014-15, DOI: 10.30875/9ee5c8d6-en.
• Hübler, Michael & Löschel, Andreas & Voigt, Sebastian, 2014, "Designing an emissions trading scheme for China: An up-to-date climate policy assessment," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 14-020.
• Kesternich, Martin & Löschel, Andreas & Ziegler, Andreas, 2014, "Negotiating weights for burden sharing rules among heterogeneous parties: Empirical evidence from a survey among delegates in international climate negotiations," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 14-031.
• Osberghaus, Daniel, 2014, "The determinants of private flood mitigation measures in Germany: Evidence from a nationwide survey," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 14-032.
• Osberghaus, Daniel & Kühling, Jan, 2014, "Direct and indirect effects of weather experiences on life satisfaction: Which role for climate change expectations?," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 14-042.
• Grossi, Luigi & Heim, Sven & Waterson, Michael, 2014, "A vision of the European energy future? The impact of the German response to the Fukushima earthquake," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 14-051.
• Carsten Helm & Franz Wirl, 2014, "The Principal-Agent Model with Multilateral Externalities: An Application to Climate Agreements," ZenTra Working Papers in Transnational Studies, ZenTra - Center for Transnational Studies, number 32 / 2014, Jan, revised Jan 2014.
• Christoph Böhringer & Nicholas Rivers & Hidemichi Yonezawa, 2014, "Vertical fiscal externalities and the environment," ZenTra Working Papers in Transnational Studies, ZenTra - Center for Transnational Studies, number 43 / 2014, Nov.

2013

• Thomas Conefrey & John D. Fitz Gerald & Laura Malaguzzi Valeri & Richard S.J. Tol, 2013, "The impact of a carbon tax on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 56, issue 7, pages 934-952, September, DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2012.709467.
• Lan-Fen Chu & Michael McAleer & Ching-Chung Chang, 2013, "Statistical Modelling of Extreme Rainfall in Taiwan," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-006/III, Jan.
• Lan-Fen Chu & Michael McAleer & Chi-Chung Chen, 2013, "How Volatile is ENSO for Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Global Economy?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-007/III, Jan.
• Thijs Dekker & Paul Koster & Roy Brouwer, 2013, "Changing with the Tide: Semi-Parametric Estimation of Preference Dynamics," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-074/VIII, May.
• Karolina Ryszka, 2013, "Resource Extraction in a Political Economy Framework," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-094/VIII, Jul.
• Aloysius Gunadi Brata & Henri L.F. de Groot & Piet Rietveld, 2013, "Dynamics in Aceh and North Sumatera after the Twin Disasters: An Investigation into the Relevance of the Locational Fundamental Theory," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-115/VIII, Aug.
• Richard S.J. Tol, 2013, "Modified Ramsey Discounting for Climate Change," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-130/VIII, Sep.
• Trond G. Husby & Henri L.F. de Groot & Marjan W. Hofkes & Martijn I. Dröes, 2013, "Do Floods have Permanent Effects? Evidence from the Netherlands," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-159/VIII, Oct.
• Koen Vermeylen, 2013, "The Methodology of Modern Macroeconomics and the Descriptive Approach to Discounting," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-200/VI, Dec.
• Koen Vermeylen, 2013, "Non-Marginal Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Tyranny of Discounting," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 13-203/VI, Dec.
• Michielsen, T.O., 2013, "Environmental Catastrophes Under Time-inconsistent Preferences," Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research, number 2013-013.
• Donald N. Dewees, 2013, "The Economics of Renewable Electricity Policy in Ontario," Working Papers, University of Toronto, Department of Economics, number tecipa-478, Mar.
• Phillip Stalley, 2013, "Forum: Principled Strategy: The Role of Equity Norms in China's Climate Change Diplomacy," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 1, pages 1-8, February.
• Taedong Lee, 2013, "Global Cities and Transnational Climate Change Networks," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 1, pages 108-127, February.
• Paul G. Harris & Jonathan Symons, 2013, "Norm Conflict in Climate Governance: Greenhouse Gas Accounting and the Problem of Consumption," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 1, pages 9-29, February.
• Jessica F. Green, 2013, "Order out of Chaos: Public and Private Rules for Managing Carbon," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 2, pages 1-25, May.
• Shangrila Joshi, 2013, "Understanding India's Representation of North–South Climate Politics," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 2, pages 128-147, May.
• Nathan Young & Aline Coutinho, 2013, "Government, Anti-Reflexivity, and the Construction of Public Ignorance about Climate Change: Australia and Canada Compared," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 2, pages 89-108, May.
• Sylvia I. Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen & Jeffrey McGee, 2013, "Legitimacy in an Era of Fragmentation: The Case of Global Climate Governance," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 3, pages 56-78, August.
• Mattias Wahlström & Magnus Wennerhag & Christopher Rootes, 2013, "Framing “The Climate Issue”: Patterns of Participation and Prognostic Frames among Climate Summit Protesters," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 101-122, November.
• Henry Boer, 2013, "Governing Ecosystem Carbon," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 123-143, November.
• Christian Downie, 2013, "Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations: Climate Change in the Clinton Years (1993–2000)," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 22-40, November.
• Graciela Kincaid & J. Timmons Roberts, 2013, "No Talk, Some Walk: Obama Administration First-Term Rhetoric on Climate Change and US International Climate Budget Commitments," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 41-60, November.
• Jon Birger Skjærseth & Guri Bang & Miranda A. Schreurs, 2013, "Explaining Growing Climate Policy Differences Between the European Union and the United States," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 61-80, November.
• Joshua Ozymy & Denis Rey, 2013, "Wild Spaces or Polluted Places: Contentious Policies, Consensus Institutions, and Environmental Performance in Industrialized Democracies," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 81-100, November.
• Amigues, Jean-Pierre & Lafforgue, Gilles & Moreaux, Michel, 2013, "Des modes de capture du carbone et de la compétitivité relative des énergies primaires," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 13-392, Apr.
• Amigues, Jean-Pierre & Moreaux, Michel, 2013, "Optimal growth under a climate constraint," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 13-436, Jan.
• Grischa Perino, 2013, "Private provision of public goods in a second-best world: Cap-and-trade schemes limit green consumerism," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social Science (CBESS), School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., number 13-01, Jan.
• Zon, Adriaan van & David, Paul, 2013, "Designing an optimal 'tech fix' path to global climate stability: R&D in a multi-phase climate policy framework," MERIT Working Papers, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), number 2013-009.
• Zon A.H. van & David P.A., 2013, "Designing an optimal 'tech fix' path to global climate stability : directed R&D and embodied technical change in a multi‐phase framework," MERIT Working Papers, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), number 2013-041.
• Mark Skidmore & Hideki Toya, 2013, "Natural Disaster Impacts and Fiscal Decentralization," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 1, pages 101-117.
• Ajita Atreya & Susana Ferreira & Warren Kriesel, 2013, "Forgetting the Flood? An Analysis of the Flood Risk Discount over Time," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 4, pages 577-596.
• Carolyn A. Dehring & Martin Halek, 2013, "Coastal Building Codes and Hurricane Damage," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 4, pages 597-613.
• Jonah Busch, 2013, "Supplementing REDD+ with Biodiversity Payments: The Paradox of Paying for Multiple Ecosystem Services," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 4, pages 655-675.
• Salvatore Di Falco & Marcella Veronesi, 2013, "How Can African Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change? A Counterfactual Analysis from Ethiopia," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 4, pages 743-766.
• Douadia Bougherara & Sandrine Costa & Mario Teisl, 2013, "Making or Buying Environmental Public Goods: Do Consumers Care?," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 89, issue 4, pages 767-781.
• Charles A. Holt & William M. Shobe, 2013, "Banking and price containment in the California greenhouse gas emissions market: an experimental analysis of market design," Working Papers, Center for Economic and Policy Studies, number 2013-01, Mar.
• Carlo Giupponi & Vahid Mojtahed & Animesh K. Gain & Stefano Balbi, 2013, "Integrated Assessment of Natural Hazards and Climate Change Adaptation: I. The KULTURisk Methodological Framework," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2013:06.
• Vahid Mojtahed & Carlo Giupponi & Claudio Biscaro & Animesh K. Gain & Stefano Balbi, 2013, "Integrated Assessment of Natural Hazards and Climate-Change Adaptation: II. The SERRA Methodology," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2013:07.
• Marcella Veronesi & Fabienne Chawla & Max Maurer & Judit Lienert, 2013, "Climate Change and the Willingness to Pay to Reduce Ecological and Health Risks from Wastewater Flooding in Urban Centers and the Environment," Working Papers, University of Verona, Department of Economics, number 01/2013, Jan.
• Sheetal Sekhri, 2013, "Missing Water: Agricultural Stress and Adaptation Strategies in Response to Groundwater Depletion in India," Virginia Economics Online Papers, University of Virginia, Department of Economics, number 406, Oct.
• Sheetal Sekhri & Adam Storeygard, 2013, "Dowry Deaths: Consumption Smoothing in Response to Climate Variability in India," Virginia Economics Online Papers, University of Virginia, Department of Economics, number 407, Mar.