Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ L: Industrial Organization
/ / L4: Antitrust Issues and Policies
/ / / L40: General
/ / / L41: Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
/ / / L42: Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
/ / / L43: Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
/ / / L44: Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
/ / / L49: Other

2026

• Eccles, Peter & Siciliani, Paolo, 2026, "Information disclosure and information acquisition in credit markets," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 104, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103219.
• Bourreau, Marc & Grzybowski, Lukasz & Muñoz-Acevedo, Ángela, 2026, "State aid for broadband and crowding out of private investment: Evidence from the French market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 104, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103240.
• Jorge Ale-Chilet & Cuicui Chen & Jing Li & Mathias Reynaert, 2026, "Colluding against Environmental Regulation," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05492381, Jan, DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdaf024.
• Joseph Goodman & Lancelot Henry de Frahan & Justin E. Holz & John A. List & Niall MacMenamin & Evan C. McKay & Magne Mogstad & Sally Sadoff & Hal Sider, 2026, "Consumer Demand and Market Competition with Time-Intensive Goods," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34743, Jan.

2025

• Bruno Deffains & Claudio Ceccarelli & Antonio Cappiello, 2025, "Considerations on the Notarial Profession in the Light of the OECD PMR and World Bank B-Ready Indicators," Working Papers AFED, Association Francaise d'Economie du Droit (AFED), number 25-07, Dec.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2025, "Estudio sobre la economía conductual para una regulación y supervisión eficientes," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number E/CNMC/002/23, Jul.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2025, "Study on behavioural economics for efficient regulation and supervision," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number E/CNMC/002/23_ENG, Jul.
• Yongmin Chen & Marius Schwartz, 2025, "Assigning Default Position for Digital Goods: Competition, Regulation, and Welfare," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 73, issue 3, pages 426-445, September, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12417.
• Pablo Casas & Asis Martinez-Jerez & Helena Perrone, 2025, "Demand Steering Through the Smokescreen of Stockouts: Evidence from Cigarette Vending Machines," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2025_641, Feb.
• Helena Perrone & Fabricio Valiati, 2025, "Drivers of Switching in Autoinsurance: Evidence from Observable and Exogenous Consideration Sets," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2025_646, Feb.
• Helena Perrone, 2025, "Chips in on a Merger: The Arm-Nvidia Case," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2025_647, Feb.
• Bolotova Yuliya V., 2025, "Collusion and Price Behavior in the U.S. Pork Industry," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, volume 23, issue 1, pages 35-49, DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2024-0001.
• Stoyan Shalamanov & Veselina Shalamanova, 2025, "Antitrust Regulation in Times of Conflict and Crises," Proceedings of the Centre for Economic History Research, Centre for Economic History Research, volume 10, pages 247-258, November.
• Germán Coloma, 2025, "Market definition through demand-and-supply estimations, with an application to the Argentine dishwashing detergent industry," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo., Universidad del CEMA, number 913, Dec.
• Tomaso Duso & Joseph E., Jr. Harrington & Carl Kreuzberg & Geza Sapi, 2025, "Public Communication and Collusion: New Screening Tools for Competition Authorities," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12029.
• Roberto Hernán González & Praveen Kujal & Miguel Angel Ropero-García & Román Fossati, 2025, "Price Coordination under List Pricing and Discounting: Experimental Evidence," Working Papers, Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, number 25-03.
• Tomaso Duso & Joseph E. Harrington Jr. & Carl Kreuzberg & Geza Sapi, 2025, "Public Communication and Collusion: New Screening Tools for Competition Authorities," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 2131.
• Rajeev K Tyagi, 2025, "On the commoditization of complementary markets," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 45, issue 3, pages 1566-1572.
• Xiong, Qiaoqin & Deng, Feng & Li, Hongjun & Xie, Danxia, 2025, "Optimizing the pre-merger notification rule with regulatory data: Empirical analysis from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 101, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102057.
• Kim, Jeong Yeol, 2025, "Delegation and strategic collusion under antitrust policies: An experiment," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 90, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102361.
• Geng, Heng & Hau, Harald & Michaely, Roni & Nguyen, Binh Hoang, 2025, "Common institutional investors and board representation in rival firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 94, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2025.102836.
• Núñez, Ignacio J., 2025, "Upward pricing pressure in horizontal mergers with fuzzy capacity constraints," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 257, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112643.
• Cabral, Luís, 2025, "Big tech acquisitions," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 103, issue PA, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2024.103127.
• Fu, Xiao & Tan, Guofu, 2025, "Competition and cooperation in international air travel markets with complements and substitutes," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 103, issue PB, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103202.
• Huang, Jinglei & Xie, Danxia, 2025, "“Platform Holdup” and Platform Regulation," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, volume 83, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irle.2025.106266.
• Aaron M. Honsowetz, 2025, "Federal Preemption of Local Government Telegraph Franchise Entry Barriers," Research in Economic History, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "Research in Economic History, volume 38", DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820250000038005.
• Lancelot de Frahan & Joseph Goodman & Justin Holz & John List & Evan McKay & Niall McMenamin & Magne Mogstad & Sally Sadoff & Hal Sider, 2025, "Consumer Demand and Market Competition with Time-Intensive Goods," Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website, number 00828.
• Yui Law & Sinchit Lai & Ning Liu, 2025, "Leniency experiments: an evaluation of external validity," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, volume 59, issue 1, pages 19-76, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10657-025-09835-1.
• Robert W. Crandall, 2025, "Towards a More Vigorous Antitrust Policy?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 66, issue 1, pages 7-22, January, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-024-09981-x.
• Martino De Stefano & Michael A. Salinger, 2025, "A Simultaneous Moves Approach to the Complicated Simple Economics of Vertical Mergers," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 66, issue 2, pages 115-139, February, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-024-09993-7.
• Lucia Helena Salgado, 2025, "20 Years of Merger Control in Brazil: What do the Big Numbers Tell us?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 67, issue 3, pages 233-250, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-025-10036-y.
• Pierre Régibeau, 2025, "Current Challenges in Competition Policy," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, volume 181, issue 2, pages 235-269, DOI: 10.1628/jite-2025-0024.
• Susan Athey & Fiona Scott Morton, 2025, "Artificial Intelligence, Competition, and Welfare," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "The Economics of Transformative AI".
• Hunt Allcott & Juan Camilo Castillo & Matthew Gentzkow & Leon Musolff & Tobias Salz, 2025, "Sources of Market Power in Web Search: Evidence from a Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33410, Jan.
• Alejandro Herrera-Caicedo & Jessica Jeffers & Elena Prager, 2025, "Collusion through Common Leadership," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33866, May.
• Justin Katz & Hunt Allcott, 2025, "Digital Media Mergers: Theory and Application to Facebook-Instagram," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34028, Jul.
• Zack Cooper & Stuart V. Craig & Aristotelis Epanomeritakis & Matthew Grennan & Joseph R. Martinez & Fiona Scott Morton & Ashley T. Swanson, 2025, "Are Hospital Acquisitions of Physician Practices Anticompetitive?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34039, Jul.
• David Dranove & Martin Gaynor & Eilidh Geddes, 2025, "Expecting Harm? The Impact of Rural Hospital Acquisitions on Maternal Health Care," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34159, Aug.
• Susan Athey & Fiona Scott Morton, 2025, "Artificial Intelligence, Competition, and Welfare," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34444, Nov.
• Elena Prager, 2025, "Antitrust Enforcement in Labor Markets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34572, Dec.
• Inna Abramova & John M. Barrios, 2025, "Financializing the Professions: The Rise of Private Equity in Accounting," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34575, Dec.
• Emanuil Diamandiev, 2025, "Megaprojects and Risk: Anatomy of Failure," Ikonomiceski i Sotsialni Alternativi, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 4, pages 86-106, Desember.
• Christophe André & Manuel Bétin & Peter Gal & Paul Peltier, 2025, "Developments in Artificial Intelligence markets: New indicators based on model characteristics, prices and providers: New indicators based on model characteristics, prices and providers," OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, OECD Publishing, number 37, Jun.
• Oecd, 2025, "Efficiencies in merger control," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 321, May.
• Oecd, 2025, "Corporate influence in competition policymaking," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 322, May.
• Oecd, 2025, "Competition in mobile payment services," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 324, May.
• Oecd, 2025, "Competition and intellectual property in Latin America and the Caribbean," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 325, Aug.
• Oecd, 2025, "Remedies in digital markets in Latin America and the Caribbean," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 326, Aug.
• Oecd, 2025, "Market studies and other market analysis tools for competition authorities," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 327, Oct.
• Oecd, 2025, "Balancing prudential regulation and competition considerations in banking," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 329, Nov.
• Eliana Barrenho & Dahye Kim & Marjolijn Moens & Lisbeth Waagstein, 2025, "Assessing the impact of promotion and advertising regulations on biosimilar uptake," OECD Health Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 186, Dec.
• Anton Korinek & Jai Vipra, 2025, "Concentrating intelligence: scaling and market structure in artificial intelligence," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, volume 40, issue 121, pages 225-256.
• Heng Ju & Meitong Li, 2025, "Object and Effects Tests in Resale Price Maintenance Cases in China," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, volume 21, issue 2, pages 188-209.
• Ioannis Lianos, 2025, "Access to Health Data, Competition, and Regulatory Alternatives: Three Dimensions of Fairness," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, volume 21, issue 4, pages 595-646.
• Lee, Kuo Chuen & Li, Yang & Xu, Weibiao & Zhao, Willy, 2025, "Blockchain-based E-commerce: It’s an Evolution, NOT a Revolution -- Experimental Evidence from Users’ Perspective," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123654, Jan.
• Elisabetta Iossa & Chiara Latour, 2025, "Firms’ Legality and Efficiency: Evidence from Public Procurement," CEIS Research Paper, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, number 592, Feb, revised 10 Feb 2025.
• Clara Calini & Alessandra Catenazzo & Elisabetta Iossa, 2025, "Using Multiple Tools to Enhance Competition in Public Procurement," CEIS Research Paper, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, number 594, Feb, revised 25 Feb 2025.
• Konrad Degen & Alexander Gleiss, 2025, "Time to break up? The case for tailor-made digital platform regulation based on platform-governance standard types," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, volume 35, issue 1, pages 1-23, December, DOI: 10.1007/s12525-024-00747-7.
• Juan Luis Jiménez & Jordi Perdiguero & José Manuel Cazorla-Artiles, 2025, "The pass-through of subsidizing petrol consumption: the case of Spain," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, volume 16, issue 1, pages 107-135, March, DOI: 10.1007/s13209-024-00302-9.
• Marc Bourreau & Lukasz Grzybowski & Ángela Muñoz-Acevedo, 2025, "State Aid for Broadband and Crowding Out of Private Investment: Evidence from the French Market," Working Papers, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, number 2025-24.
• Duso, Tomaso & Harrington, Joseph E. & Kreuzberg, Carl & Sapi, Geza, 2025, "Public communication and collusion: New screening tools for competition authorities," DICE Discussion Papers, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), number 430.
• Jamison, Mark A., 2025, "An Alternative Focus for Antitrust: Addressing Harmful Competitive Advantage," 33rd European Regional ITS Conference, Edinburgh, 2025: Digital innovation and transformation in uncertain times, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), number 331279.

2024

• Coloma German, 2024, "Definición de mercados a través de estimaciones de oferta y demanda," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4719, Nov.
• Claudio Ceccarelli & Antonio Cappiello, 2024, "OECD PMR Indicators on Professional Services: Top Performances or Outliers?," Working Papers AFED, Association Francaise d'Economie du Droit (AFED), number 24-01, Jan.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2024, "Estudio sobre el sector de la formación vial," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number E/CNMC/001/22, Dec.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2024, "Study on driver training services," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number E/CNMC/001/22_ENG, Dec.
• Jose Aurazo, 2024, "Interchange fees, access pricing and sub-acquirers in payment markets," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 1163, Jan.
• Federico Etro, 2024, "e‐Commerce platforms and self‐preferencing," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, volume 38, issue 4, pages 1516-1543, September, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12594.
• Enghin Atalay & Alan Sorensen & Christopher Sullivan & Wanjia Zhu, 2024, "Product Repositioning by Merging Firms," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 72, issue 2, pages 868-908, June, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12373.
• Bolotova Yuliya V., 2024, "Private Supply Management and Market Power in the U.S. Dairy Industry," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, volume 22, issue 1, pages 1-17, DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2023-0004.
• Ginsburg Douglas H. & Wright Joshua D., 2024, "Reimagining Antitrust Institutions: A (Modest?) Proposal," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 1, pages 83-155, DOI: 10.1515/rle-2023-0090.
• Babina, Tania & Barkai, Simcha & Jeffers, Jessica & Karger, Ezra & Volkova, Ekaterina, 2024, "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18772, Jan.
• Duso, Tomaso & Bernhardt, Lea & Piechucka, Joanna, 2024, "The Evolution of Theories of Harm in EU Merger Control," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 19237, Jul.
• Ullrich, Hannes & Hannane, Jonas & Peukert, Christian & Aguiar, Luis & Duso, Tomaso, 2024, "Returns to Data: Evidence from Web Tracking," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 19266, Jul.
• Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2024, "General equilibrium, welfare and policy when firms have market power," UC3M Working papers. Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía, number 39547, Jan.
• Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2024, "General equilibrium, welfare and policy when firms have market power," UC3M Working papers. Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía, number 45283, Dec.
• Hannes Ullrich & Jonas Hannane & Christian Peukert & Luis Aguiar & Tomaso Duso, 2024, "Returns to Data: Evidence from Web Tracking," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 2091.
• Klapper, Felix B. & Siemering, Christian, 2024, "Effects of patent privateering on settlements and R&D under sequential market entry," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, volume 66, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101080.
• Turner, Douglas C., 2024, "The impact of cartel dissolution on prices: Evidence from the air cargo cartel," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 97, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2024.103109.
• Zennyo, Yusuke, 2024, "A model of mobile app and ad platform markets," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 97, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2024.103117.
• Tan, Guofu & Zhou, Junjie, 2024, "Consumer heterogeneity and inefficiency in oligopoly markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, volume 220, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2024.105882.
• Luis Aguiar & Christian Peukert & Maximilian Schäfer & Hannes Ullrich, 2024, "Facebook Shadow Profiles," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04495641, Mar, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2202.04131.
• Carmen García & Joan-Ramon Borrell & Juan Luis Jiménez & José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, 2024, "Cartels, board gender composition and gender quotas," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, volume 58, issue 2, pages 283-320, October, DOI: 10.1007/s10657-024-09815-x.
• Martin Spann & Marco Bertini & Oded Koenigsberg & Robert Zeithammer & Diego Aparicio & Yuxin Chen & Fabrizio Fantini & Ginger Zhe Jin & Vicki Morwitz & Peter Popkowski Leszczyc & Maria Ana Vitorino & , 2024, "Algorithmic Pricing: Implications for Marketing Strategy and Regulation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32540, Jun.
• Zarek Brot-Goldberg & Zack Cooper & Stuart V. Craig & Lev R. Klarnet & Ithai Lurie & Corbin L. Miller, 2024, "Who Pays for Rising Health Care Prices? Evidence from Hospital Mergers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32613, Jun.
• Chiara Farronato & Andrey Fradkin & Chris Karr, 2024, "Webmunk: A New Tool for Studying Online Behavior and Digital Platforms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32694, Jul.
• Anton Korinek & Jai Vipra, 2024, "Concentrating Intelligence: Scaling and Market Structure in Artificial Intelligence," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33139, Nov.
• Georgi Kiranchev, 2024, "The Antitrust Regulation Harms Consumers," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 4, pages 722-739, December.
• Charles Dennery, 2024, "Revamping competition in New Zealand," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1817, Aug, DOI: 10.1787/8bbbad04-en.
• Joan-Ramon Borrell & Carmen García & Juan Luis Jiménez & José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, 2024, "Short and Long Run Effects of Leniency Programs on Cartel Stability and Prosecution," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, volume 20, issue 3, pages 181-205.
• Philippe Choné & Laurent Linnemer & Thibaud Vergé, 2024, "Double Marginalization, Market Foreclosure, and Vertical Integration," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, volume 22, issue 4, pages 1884-1935.
• Nwaobi, Godwin, 2024, "Nigerian Firms and Digital Transformation:Incubations, Unipoding and Prospects," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121833, Aug.
• Jose Aurazo, 2024, "Access pricing, data externalities and sub-acquirers in payment markets," Working Papers, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, number 2024-011, Dec.
• Elena Andreyeva & Atul Gupta & Catherine Ishitani & Malgorzata Sylwestrzak & Benjamin Ukert, 2024, "The Corporatization of Independent Hospitals," Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics, University of Chicago Press, volume 2, issue 3, pages 602-663, DOI: 10.1086/730454.
• Carugati Christophe, 2024, "The Generative AI Challenges for Competition Authorities," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, volume 59, issue 1, pages 14-21, February, DOI: 10.2478/ie-2024-0005.

2023

• Coloma German, 2023, "Estimación De Demanda Y Definición De Mercados En Productos Con Diferenciación Vertical: El Caso De La Cerveza En La Argentina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4635, Nov.
• Majah-Leah V. Ravago, 2023, "The cost structure of electricity in the Philippines and other Asian countries: A Comparative Note," Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University, number 202302, Jan.
• Roman Inderst & Stefan Thomas, 2023, "Competition Policy and the Environment," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 15, issue 1, pages 199-211, October, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-resource-092622-010.
• Sylvain Chassang & Juan Ortner, 2023, "Regulating Collusion," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 15, issue 1, pages 177-204, September, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-02.
• Jean Tirole, 2023, "Competition and the Industrial Challenge for the Digital Age," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 15, issue 1, pages 573-605, September, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-090622-02.
• Gaurab Aryal & Maria Florencia Gabrielli, 2023, "Is Collusion-proof Procurement Expensive?," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 248, Jun.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2023, "Guía Competencia frente a la inflación: Cómo la competencia y la regulación eficiente ayudan a proteger el poder adquisitivo de los consumidores," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number G-2022-02, Jul.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2023, "Guide. Competition against inflation: How competition and efficient regulation help protect the purchasing power of consumers," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number G-2022-02_ENG, Jul.
• Carlos Cañón & Jorge Florez-Acosta & Karoll Gómez, 2023, "The effects of two-way lending between financial conglomerates in bilateral repo markets," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1246, Aug, DOI: 10.32468/be.1246.
• Tania Babina & Simcha Barkai & Jessica Jeffers & Ezra Karger & Ekaterina Volkova, 2023, "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," Working Papers, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, number 23-50, Oct.
• Christos Genakos & Andreas Lamprinidis & James Walker, 2023, "Evaluating merger effects," CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, number dp1921, May.
• Christos Genakos & Andreas Lamprinidis & James Walker, 2023, "Evaluating merger effects," POID Working Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, number 072, Jun.
• Genakos, Christos & Lamprinidis, Andreas & Walker, James, 2023, "Evaluating merger effects," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18112, Apr.
• Choné, Philippe & Linnemer, Laurent & Vergé, Thibaud, 2023, "Double marginalization, market foreclosure, and vertical integration," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18239, Jun.
• Cabral, Luis, 2023, "Big Tech Acquisitions," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18272, Jul.
• Geng, Heng & Hau, Harald & Michaely, Roni & Nguyen, Binh, 2023, "Do Institutional Directors Matter?," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18514, Oct.
• Gado, Krisztian & Schoenle, Raphael & Thomas, Stefan, 2023, "Amazon and Online Competitor Prices: The Role of Shipping Costs in a Hybrid Platform Environment," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18663, Dec.
• Sander Heinsalu, 2023, "Bounds on the damages from a price overcharge," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 43, issue 3, pages 1265-1270.
• Houba, Harold & Motchenkova, Evgenia & Wang, Hui, 2023, "Endogenous personalized pricing in the Hotelling model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 225, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111037.
• Badura, Ondřej & Melecký, Aleš & Melecký, Martin, 2023, "Liberalizing passenger rail: The effect of competition on local unemployment," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2023.100334.
• Abito, Jose Miguel & Chen, Cuicui, 2023, "A partial identification framework for dynamic games," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 87, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2022.102915.
• Etro, Federico, 2023, "Platform competition with free entry of sellers," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 89, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2022.102903.
• Kadner-Graziano, Alessandro S., 2023, "Mergers of Complements: On the Absence of Consumer Benefits," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 89, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2023.102935.
• Moresi, Serge & Schwartz, Marius, 2023, "Product innovation with vertical differentiation: Is a monopolist's incentive weaker?," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 89, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2023.102951.
• Xede, James & Simon Peter Dak-Adzaklo, Cephas & Ofosu, Emmanuel & Wise Dodzidenu Adza, Solomon, 2023, "Competition laws, external financing and investment," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, volume 82, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101700.
• Mangani, Andrea & Ramazanova, Karina, 2023, "The media coverage of antitrust enforcement: Evidence from Italy," Research in Economics, Elsevier, volume 77, issue 3, pages 334-348, DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2023.06.001.
• Mokoma, Lesedi & Venter, Christoffel, 2023, "Pathways to integrating paratransit and formal public transport: Case studies from Tshwane, South Africa," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, volume 102, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101356.
• Genakos, Christos & Lamprinidis, Andreas & Walker, James, 2023, "Evaluating merger effects," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 121325, May.
• Abdulla Albinali, 2023, "Bank lending and macroprudential policies: are Islamic banks differentially affected?," Islamic Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 30, issue 2, pages 104-120, March, DOI: 10.1108/IES-02-2022-0018.
• Malika Neifar & Leila Gharbi, 2023, "The Tunisian Islamic and conventional banks: a performance comparative study," Islamic Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 31, issue 1/2, pages 152-175, November, DOI: 10.1108/IES-07-2022-0026.
• Federico Etro, 2023, "e-Commerce Platforms and Self-preferencing," Working Papers - Economics, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa, number wp2023_07.rdf.
• Serge Moresi & Marius Schwartz, 2023, "Product Innovation with Vertical Differentiation: Is a Monopolist's Incentive Weaker?," Working Papers, Georgetown University, Department of Economics, number gueconwpa~23-23-01, Jan.
• Marius Schwartz & Yongmin Chen, 2023, "Assigning Default Position for Digital Goods: Competition, Regulation and Welfare," Working Papers, Georgetown University, Department of Economics, number gueconwpa~23-23-05, Sep.
• Tania Babina & Simcha Barkai & Jessica Jeffers & Ezra Karger & Ekaterina Volkova, 2023, "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04414184, Aug, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4539741.
• Berger, David & Hasenzagl, Thomas & Herkenhoff, Kyle & Mongey, Simon & Posner, Eric A., 2023, "Comments on the 2023 Draft Merger Guidelines: A Labor Market Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 16401, Aug.
• Federico Etro, 2023, "Hybrid Marketplaces with Free Entry of Sellers," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 62, issue 2, pages 119-148, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-022-09893-8.
• Juan Luis Jiménez & Manuel Ojeda-Cabral & José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, 2023, "Who Blows the Whistle on Cartels? Finding the Leniency Applicant at the European Commission," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 63, issue 2, pages 123-153, September, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-023-09911-3.
• Enghin Atalay & Alan T. Sorensen & Christopher J. Sullivan & Wanjia Zhu, 2023, "Product Repositioning by Merging Firms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31229, May.
• Tania Babina & Simcha Barkai & Jessica Jeffers & Ezra Karger & Ekaterina Volkova, 2023, "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31597, Aug.
• Elena Andreyeva & Atul Gupta & Catherine E. Ishitani & Malgorzata Sylwestrzak & Benjamin Ukert, 2023, "The Corporatization of Independent Hospitals," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31776, Oct.
• Giuseppe Nicoletti & Cristiana Vitale & Carolina Abate, 2023, "Competition, regulation and growth in a digitized world: Dealing with emerging competition issues in digital markets," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1752, Mar, DOI: 10.1787/1b143a37-en.
• Javier Terrero-Dávila & Cristiana Vitale & Eszter Danitz, 2023, "Improving the business regulatory environment in Poland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1764, Jul, DOI: 10.1787/caa5b5cc-en.
• Merino Troncoso, Carlos, 2023, "Introduction to Competition Economics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 115999, Jan.
• Gómez, Liverca Altagracia & Rodríguez Núñez, Juan Bautista & Mesa Candelario, Nathanael & Morbán Gómez, Fernando Miguel & García Read, Zoraya Esther, 2023, "El Rol del Análisis Económico en el Derecho de la Competencia
  [The Role of Economic Analysis in Competition Law]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 119067, Nov.
• Kurdoglu, Berkay, 2023, "Leveraging Clustering Algorithms in Defining Relevant Markets for Competition Policy Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122340, Nov.
• Dipankar Das & Sanjeev Kapoor, 2023, "Measurement of Collusion in Open Ascending Price Auctions in Agricultural Commodity Markets," Studies in Microeconomics, , volume 11, issue 3, pages 340-359, December, DOI: 10.1177/23210222211051443.
• Gabriel A. Lozada, 2023, "The Perils of Antitrust Econometrics: Unrealistic Engel Curves, Inadequate Data, and Aggregation Bias," Working Papers Series, Institute for New Economic Thinking, number inetwp203, Mar, DOI: 10.36687/inetwp203.
• Mark Glick & Gabriel A. Lozada & Pavitra Govindan & Darren Bush, 2023, "The Horizontal Merger Efficiency Fallacy," Working Papers Series, Institute for New Economic Thinking, number inetwp212, Aug, DOI: 10.36687/inetwp212.
• Tirole, Jean & Bisceglia, Michele, 2023, "Fair Gatekeeping in Digital Ecosystems," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 1452, Jun, revised 30 Dec 2024.
• de Cornière, Alexandre & Taylor, Greg, 2023, "Data and Competition: A Simple Framework," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 23-1404, Jan, revised Aug 2024.
• Christos Genakos & Andreas Lamprinidis & James Walker, 2023, "Evaluating merger effects," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 44, issue 6, pages 3325-3345, September, DOI: 10.1002/mde.3881.
• Babina, Tania & Barkai, Simcha & Jeffers, Jessica & Karger, Ezra & Volkova, Ekaterina, 2023, "Antitrust enforcement increases economic activity," Working Papers, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, number 332.

2022

• Roman Fossati & Roberto Hernan González & Praveen Kujal, 2022, "Is List Pricing and Discounting Procompetitive? Tacit Collusion in a Bertrand-Edgeworth Duopoly," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4564, Nov.
• Lucila Porto, 2022, "Q-Learning algorithms in a Hotelling model," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4587, Nov.
• Luis Aguiar & Christian Peukert & Maximilian Schafer & Hannes Ullrich, 2022, "Facebook Shadow Profiles," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2202.04131, Feb, revised Jul 2022.
• Antonio Penta & Massimo Motta, 2022, "Market Effects of Sponsored Search Auctions," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1356, Jun.
• Luis Aguiar & Christian Peukert & Maximilian Schaefer & Hannes Ullrich, 2022, "Facebook Shadow Profiles," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9571.
• Heng Geng & Harald Hau & Roni Michaely & Binh Nguyen, 2022, "Do Institutional Directors Matter?," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 22-89, Nov.
• Christian Reiner & Christian Bellak, 2022, "Hat die ökonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Österreich zugenommen?," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, number 235.
• Bridgman, Benjamin & Herrendorf, Berthold, 2022, "Labor Share, Markups, and Input-Output Linkages - Evidence from the National Accounts," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16857, Apr.
• Sweeting, Andrew & Leccese, Mario & Tao, Xuezhen, 2022, "Should We Expect Merger Synergies To Be Passed Through to Consumers?," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 17059, Jun.
• Motta, Massimo & Penta, Antonio, 2022, "Market Effects of Sponsored Search Auctions," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 17401, Jun.
• De Ridder, Maarten & Grassi, Basile & Morzenti, Giovanni, 2022, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to Markup Estimation: Assessing Estimates from Financial Data," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 17532, Sep.
• Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2022, "On the General Equilibrium Effects of Market Power," UC3M Working papers. Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía, number 35529, Jul.
• Luis Aguiar & Christian Peukert & Maximilian Schäfer & Hannes Ullrich, 2022, "Facebook Shadow Profiles," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1998.
• Peter L Ormosi & Franco Mariuzzo, 2022, "Independent vs major record labels: Do they have the same streaming power (law)?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 42, issue 3, pages 1510-1526.
• Chun-Chieh Wang, 2022, "Most-favored customer clauses with differentiated goods and tacit collusion," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 42, issue 4, pages 1755-1766.
• Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2022, "The impact on market outcomes of the portfolio selection of large equity investors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 212, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110296.
• Wang, Shuxun & Wu, Kai & Lai, Seiwai, 2022, "Acquisition for innovations? M&A intensity and intra-firm innovation reallocations," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, volume 62, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101721.
• Ana Cristina Oseguera Sauri, 2022, "Concentración en el mercado laboral y su relación con los salarios en México/The relationship between labor market concentration and wages in Mexico," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, volume 37, issue 1, pages 45-102.
• Riadh Ben Jelili, 2022, "Competition, Efficiency and Competition Policy in Tunisia," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03840592, Nov.
• Christian Reiner & Christian Bellak, 2022, "Hat die oekonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Oesterreich zugenommen?," ICAE Working Papers, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, number 140, Oct.
• Joan-Ramon Borrell & Carmen García & Juan Luis Jiménez & José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, 2022, ""Cartel destabilization effect of leniency programs"," IREA Working Papers, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, number 202213, Sep, revised Sep 2022.
• Carmen García & Joan Ramon Borrell & José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro & Juan Luis Jiménez, 2022, "Managers’ expectations, business cycles and cartels’ life cycle," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, volume 53, issue 3, pages 451-484, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10657-022-09730-z.
• Louis Rouanet, 2022, "Competition is (still) a tough weed: A review essay of Thomas Philippon’s The great reversal: How America gave up on free markets," The Review of Austrian Economics, Springer;Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, volume 35, issue 1, pages 115-128, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11138-020-00521-w.
• Matthew J. Kotchen & Tatyana Deryugina & James H. Stock, 2022, "Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, volume 3," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number dery-1, January.
• John M. Barrios & Thomas G. Wollmann, 2022, "A New Era of Midnight Mergers: Antitrust Risk and Investor Disclosures," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29655, Jan.
• Sebastian Galiani & Jose Manuel Paz y Miño & Gustavo Torrens, 2022, "Fighting Communism Supporting Collusion," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30166, Jun.
• Juan M. Ortner & Sylvain Chassang & Kei Kawai & Jun Nakabayashi, 2022, "Screening Adaptive Cartels," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30219, Jul.
• Christine Lewis & Cristiana Vitale & Rosamaria Bitetti & Auxentius Andry Yudhianto & Javier Terrero-Dávila, 2022, "Product market regulation in Indonesia: An international comparison," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1741, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/016eea51-en.
• Florentina Cristina BÂLDAN & Maria Nicoleta DASCÃLU, 2022, "Essentialities Concerning The Healthcare Service Market In Romania," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 21, issue 3, pages 107-116.
• Frantz Rowe & M. Lynne Markus, 2022, "Taking the measure of digital giants: Amazon and the Social Welfare Computing research agenda," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, volume 32, issue 2, pages 437-446, June, DOI: 10.1007/s12525-022-00544-0.
• Harvey A. Poniachek, 2022, "Mergers and Acquisitions: Principles and Practices," Springer Books, Springer, chapter 102, in: Cheng-Few Lee & Alice C. Lee, "Encyclopedia of Finance", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91231-4_105.
• David Benček & Hannah Rosenbaum & John P. Weche, 2022, "Marktstrukturen und Wettbewerb im Kontext wirtschaftlicher Transformation
  [Market Structure and Competition During Economic Transformation]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 102, issue 11, pages 885-890, November, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-022-3312-3.
• Achim Wambach & Christine Zulehner, 2022, "Nachhaltigkeitsziele in der Wirtschaftspolitik — volkswirtschaftliche Überlegungen
  [Sustainability Goals in Economic Policy — Economic Considerations]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 102, issue 5, pages 331-333, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-022-3183-7.
• Mark Glick & Gabriel A. Lozada & Darren Bush, 2022, "Why Economists Should Support Populist Antitrust Goals," Working Papers Series, Institute for New Economic Thinking, number inetwp195, Dec, DOI: 10.36687/inetwp195.
• Motta, Massimo & Penta, Antonio, 2022, "Market Effects of Sponsored Search Auctions," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 22-1370, Oct.
• Massimo Motta & Antonio Penta, 2022, "Market effects of sponsored search auctions," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1844, Jun.
• Anna I. Meleshkina & Irina N. Filippova & Andrey E. Shastitko, 2022, "Empirical geographic market definition for antitrust: The case of the Russian cement market," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, volume 13, issue 6, pages 15-29, January, DOI: 10.29141/2218-5003-2022-13-6-2.
• Suresh Naidu & Eric A. Posner, 2022, "Labor Monopsony and the Limits of the Law," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 57, issue S, pages 284-323.
• Mark Armstrong & John Vickers, 2022, "Patterns of Competitive Interaction," Econometrica, Econometric Society, volume 90, issue 1, pages 153-191, January, DOI: 10.3982/ECTA18937.
• Hao Wang & Xundong Yin & Alice Y. Ouyang, 2022, "Store Promotion, Manufacturer Competition And Welfare," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 67, issue 04, pages 1479-1496, June, DOI: 10.1142/S0217590821500442.
• Jasminka Pecotić Kaufman, 2022, "Competition Law Enforcement in Post-Socialist EU Member States: The Legacy of Authoritarian Legal Culture, Semantic Dissonance and Skewed Agencification," EFZG Working Papers Series, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, number 2203, Dec.
• Reiner, Christian & Bellak, Christian, 2022, "Hat die ökonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Österreich zugenommen?," ifso working paper series, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Socioeconomics (ifso), number 24.
• Prado, Tiago S., 2022, "Safeguarding Competition in Digital Markets: A Comparative Analysis of Emerging Policy and Regulatory Regimes," 31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg 2022: Reining in Digital Platforms? Challenging monopolies, promoting competition and developing regulatory regimes, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), number 265666.

2021

• Yuri Kasakevic Tsan Hu & Vladimir Fernandes Maciel, 2021, "Price Cap Regulation In The Brazilian Health Insurance Market And Its Effects On The Quantities Of Hired Plans," Revista de Economia Mackenzie (REM), Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Social and Applied Sciences Center, volume 18, issue spe, pages 176-208, special i, DOI: 10.5935/1808-2785/rem.v18nespp.176-.
• Ariel Pakes, 2021, "A Helicopter Tour of Some Underlying Issues in Empirical Industrial Organization," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 13, issue 1, pages 397-421, August, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-082019-02.
• Zelda Brutti & Luis E. Rojas, 2021, "M&A and Early Investment Decisions by Digital Platforms," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1304, Dec.
• Thomas Koch & Shawn W. Ulrick, 2021, "Price Effects Of A Merger: Evidence From A Physicians' Market," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, volume 59, issue 2, pages 790-802, April, DOI: 10.1111/ecin.12954.
• Federico Etro, 2021, "Product selection in online marketplaces," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 30, issue 3, pages 614-637, August, DOI: 10.1111/jems.12428.
• Charles J. Thomas, 2021, "Profitable Horizontal Mergers Without Efficiencies Can Increase Consumer Surplus," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 69, issue 3, pages 730-741, September, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12249.
• Yongmin Chen & Jianpei Li & Marius Schwartz, 2021, "Competitive differential pricing," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, volume 52, issue 1, pages 100-124, March, DOI: 10.1111/1756-2171.12363.