Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E6: Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
/ / / E65: Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

2020

• Katsushi S. Imai & Nidhi Kaicker & Raghav Gaiha, 2020, "The Covid-19 Impact on Agricultural Market Arrivals and Prices in India: A Panel VAR Approach," Economics Discussion Paper Series, Economics, The University of Manchester, number 2010, Nov.
• Akbari Dehbaghi, Simin & Arman, Seyed Aziz & Ahangari, Majid, 2020, "The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Monetary Policy on Iran's economy: Global Modeling," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, volume 15, issue 2, pages 151-180, April.
• Gajendran Raveendranathan & Georgios Stefanidis, 2020, "The Unprecedented Fall in U.S. Revolving Credit," Department of Economics Working Papers, McMaster University, number 2020-05, May.
• Babatunde Samson Omotosho, 2020, "Central Bank Communication In Ghana: Insights From A Text Mining Analysis," Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Noble Academic Publsiher, volume 5, issue 1, pages 01-13, January.
• Zbigniew Polański & Mikołaj Szadkowski, 2020, "Seigniorage and central banks’ financial results in times of unconventional monetary policy," NBP Working Papers, Narodowy Bank Polski, number 331.
• Alexander W. Bartik & Marianne Bertrand & Zoë B. Cullen & Edward L. Glaeser & Michael Luca & Christopher T. Stanton, 2020, "How Are Small Businesses Adjusting to COVID-19? Early Evidence from a Survey," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26989, Apr.
• Zachary A. Bethune & Anton Korinek, 2020, "Covid-19 Infection Externalities: Trading Off Lives vs. Livelihoods," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27009, Apr.
• Adriano A. Rampini, 2020, "Sequential Lifting of COVID-19 Interventions with Population Heterogeneity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27063, Apr.
• Mahyar Kargar & Benjamin Lester & David Lindsay & Shuo Liu & Pierre-Olivier Weill & Diego Zúñiga, 2020, "Corporate Bond Liquidity During the COVID-19 Crisis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27355, Jun.
• Francesco D’Acunto & Daniel Hoang & Michael Weber, 2020, "Managing Households' Expectations with Unconventional Policies," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27399, Jun.
• Marina Azzimonti & Alessandra Fogli & Fabrizio Perri & Mark Ponder, 2020, "Pandemic Control in ECON-EPI Networks," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27741, Aug.
• Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas & Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan & Veronika Penciakova & Nick Sander, 2020, "SME Failures Under Large Liquidity Shocks: An Application to the COVID-19 Crisis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27877, Sep.
• Joshua K. Hausman & Paul W. Rhode & Johannes F. Wieland, 2020, "Farm Product Prices, Redistribution, and the Early U.S. Great Depression," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28055, Nov.
• Olivia S. Kim & Jonathan A. Parker & Antoinette Schoar, 2020, "Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28151, Nov.
• Naomi Feldman & Ori Heffetz, 2020, "A Grant to Every Citizen: Survey Evidence of the Impact of a Direct Government Payment in Israel," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28312, Dec.
• Shardul Agrawala & Damien Dussaux & Norbert Monti, 2020, "What policies for greening the crisis response and economic recovery?: Lessons learned from past green stimulus measures and implications for the COVID-19 crisis," OECD Environment Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 164, May, DOI: 10.1787/c50f186f-en.
• Cameron Hepburn & Brian O’Callaghan & Nicholas Stern & Joseph Stiglitz & Dimitri Zenghelis, 2020, "Will COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change?," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, volume 36, issue Supplemen, pages 359-381.
• Nidhi Kaicker & Raghav Gaiha & Radhika Aggarwal, 2020, "Time-series analyses of food commodity prices in Maharashtra (July 2019 June 2020)," ASARC Working Papers, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre, number 2020-06.
• Nidhi Kaicker & Raghav Gaiha & Radhika Aggarwal, 2020, "Time-series analyses of food commodity prices in Meghalaya (July 2019 June 2020)," ASARC Working Papers, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre, number 2020-07.
• Nidhi Kaicker & Raghav Gaiha & Radhika Aggarwal, 2020, "Time-series analyses of food commodity prices in Jharkhand (July 2019 June 2020)," ASARC Working Papers, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre, number 2020-08.
• Enrique G. Mendoza & Eugenio Rojas & Linda L. Tesar & Jing Zhang, 2020, "A Macroeconomic Model of Healthcare Saturation, Inequality & the Output-Pandemia Tradeo," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 20-041, Dec.
• Bui, Trung Thanh & Kiss, Gábor Dávid, 2020, "Asymmetry in the Reaction Function of Monetary Policy in Emerging Economies," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 65, issue 2, pages 210-224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2020_2.
• Eckhard Hein & Judith Martschin, 2020, "Demand and growth regimes in finance-dominated capitalism and the role of the macroeconomic policy regime: a post-Keynesian comparative study on France, Germany, Italy and Spain before and after the Great Financial Crisis and the Great Recession," Working Papers, Post Keynesian Economics Society (PKES), number PKWP2023, Dec.
• igescu, iulia, 2020, "Describing Location Shifts with One Class Support Vector Machines," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100984, Feb.
• De Koning, Kees, 2020, "Savings; the least understood economic concept, the U.S. case," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 101878, Jul.
• Farid, Moatazbellah, 2020, "The Effect of Brexit on UK Productivity: Synthetic Control Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 103165, Sep.
• DAS, PIYALI & Ghate, Chetan, 2020, "Public Debt in India: A Security Level Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 103746, Oct.
• De Koning, Kees, 2020, "U.K.’s economic variables over the last decade in the context of the current corona crisis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 103763, Oct.
• Okotori, Tonprebofa Waikumo & Ayunku, Peter, 2020, "The Mundell-Fleming Trilemma: Implications for the CBN and the financial markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 103880, Sep.
• Giammanco, Maria Daniela & Gitto, Lara, 2020, "Government measures and economic activity during the COVID-19 outbreak: some preliminary short-term evidence from Europe," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 105072, Dec.
• Colignatus, Thomas, 2020, "Forum Theory & A National Assembly of Science and Learning," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 98568, Feb, revised 09 Feb 2020.
• Gabriel, Ricardo Duque & Pessoa, Ana Sofia, 2020, "Adopting the Euro: a synthetic control approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99391, Mar.
• Omotosho, Babatunde S., 2020, "Central Bank Communication during Economic Recessions: Evidence from Nigeria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99655.
• Francesco Macheda, 2020, "Il ruolo delle imprese a conduzione statale nella lotta della Cina contro il COVID-19 (The role of State-Owned Enterprises in China's fight against the coronavirus disease)," Moneta e Credito, Economia civile, volume 73, issue 290, pages 111-139.
• Anna Maria Variato & Paolo Maranzano & Roberto Romano, 2020, "Rotta Next Generation: tra narrazioni ed evidenza empirica, le sfide del possibile orizzonte della politica economica italiana (Next Generation EU: challenges for the possible horizon of Italian economic policy between narratives and empirical eviden," Moneta e Credito, Economia civile, volume 73, issue 291, pages 207-236.
• Ana Sequeira & Cristina Manteu & Nuno Monteiro, 2020, "The short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Portuguese companies," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number o202003.
• Fátima Cardoso & Manuel Coutinho Pereira & Nuno Alves, 2020, "Heterogeneous response of consumers to income shocks throughout a financial assistance program," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202018.
• Muayad Ismail, 2020, "Evaluating the Macroeconomic Impact of IMF Programs in Sudan," Economics Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Reading, number em-dp2020-21, Oct.
• Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada & Evangelos Koutronas, 2020, "An introduction to pensionomics," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Universidad ESAN, volume 25, issue 49, pages 89-100.
• Pablo Cachaga Herrera & José Martin Romero Cuevas, 2020, "Efecto asimétrico de la actividad económica en la liquidez del sistema financiero boliviano," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB), issue 33, pages 181-211.
• PrzemysÅ‚aw PluciÅ„ski, 2020, "Debt and crisis: Socio-economic critique of neoliberal transformation in Poland," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , volume 31, issue 2, pages 211-229, June, DOI: 10.1177/1035304620911120.
• Sophie Altermatt & Simon Beyeler, 2020, "Shall we twist?," Working Papers, Swiss National Bank, number 2020-11.
• Sébastien P. Kraenzlin & Christoph Meyer & Thomas Nellen, 2020, "COVID-19 and regional shifts in Swiss retail payments," Working Papers, Swiss National Bank, number 2020-15.
• Yannic Stucki & Jacqueline Thomet, 2020, "A neoclassical perspective on Switzerland's 1990s stagnation," Working Papers, Swiss National Bank, number 2020-22.
• Semih Emre Çekin & Victor J. Valcarcel, 2020, "Inflation volatility and inflation in the wake of the great recession," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 59, issue 4, pages 1997-2015, October, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-019-01724-2.
• Michael A. Landesmann, 2020, "Covid-19 crisis: centrifugal vs. centripetal forces in the EU—a political-economic analysis," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, volume 47, issue 3, pages 439-453, September, DOI: 10.1007/s40812-020-00171-w.
• Chiara Perillo & Stefano Battiston, 2020, "Financialization and unconventional monetary policy: a financial-network analysis," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 30, issue 5, pages 1385-1428, November, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-020-00698-0.
• Sébastien Kraenzlin & Christoph Meyer & Thomas Nellen, 2020, "COVID-19 and regional shifts in Swiss retail payments," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, volume 156, issue 1, pages 1-20, December, DOI: 10.1186/s41937-020-00061-x.
• Irina I. Frolova & Vladimir V. Nosov & Nadezhda B. Zavyalova & Aleksei E. Dorofeev & Tatiana M. Vorozheykina & Lyudmila I. Petrova, 2020, "Labor opportunism as a blocking factor for the innovative development of industrial enterprises," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, volume 7, issue 3, pages 2228-2242, March, DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(51).
• Alex Dickson & Ian A MacKenzie, 2020, "Permit markets with political and market distortions," Working Papers, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics, number 2001, Jan.
• Eckhard Hein & Judith Martschin, 2020, "The Eurozone in Crisis — A Kaleckian Macroeconomic Regime and Policy Perspective," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 32, issue 4, pages 563-588, October, DOI: 10.1080/09538259.2020.1831202.
• Benigno Pierpaolo & Canofari Paolo & Di Bartolomeo Giovanni & Messori Marcello, 2020, "Uncertainty and the Pandemic Shocks," wp.comunite, Department of Communication, University of Teramo, number 00148, Dec.
• Roger Kronenberg & Ulukbek Usubalie & Tientip Subhanij, 2020, "Strengthening financial interlinkages among the SPECA countries," MPDD Working Paper Series, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), number WP/20/08, Jun.
• José Garcia Montalvo & Marta Reynal-Querol, 2020, "Distributional effects of COVID-19 on spending: A first look at the evidence from Spain," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1740, Sep.
• Wielicka-Regulska Anna, 2020, "The Relationship Between Consumer Behaviour, Attitudes and Acceptance of Public Policy Tools Advancing Sustainable Food Consumption," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, volume 20, issue 2, pages 436-450, December, DOI: 10.2478/foli-2020-0058.
• Furth Salim, 2020, "Does Census Hiring Stimulate Jobs Growth?," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), volume 10, issue 1, pages 1-21, March, DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2020-0005.
• Ngozi E. Egbuna (PhD) & Augustine Ujunwa (PhD) & Nathan Pelesai Audu (PhD), 2020, "Macroeconomic Effect Of Covid-19 On West African Monetary Zone (Wamz): A Fan Chart Probability Forecast Analysis," West African Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, West African Monetary Institute, volume 20, issue 1b, pages 38-76, June.
• Beyer,Robert Carl Michael & Franco Bedoya,Sebastian & Galdo,Virgilio, 2020, "Examining the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India through Daily Electricity Consumption and Nighttime Light Intensity," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 9291, Jun.
• Rumen Dobrinsky, 2020, "What Can Be the Way out of the Impasse in Belarus?," wiiw Policy Notes, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw, number 40, Sep.
• Ambrocio, Gene, 2020, "European household and business expectations during COVID-19: Towards a v-shaped recovery in confidence?," BoF Economics Review, Bank of Finland, number 6/2020.
• D'Acunto, Francesco & Hoang, Daniel & Paloviita, Maritta & Weber, Michael, 2020, "Effective policy communication: Targets versus instruments," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers, Bank of Finland, number 17/2020.
• Ötsch, Walter, 2020, "What type of crisis is this? The coronavirus crisis as a crisis of the economicised society," Working Paper Serie des Instituts für Ökonomie, Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung (HfGG), Institut für Ökonomie, number 57.
• Ötsch, Walter, 2020, "Wissen, Nichtwissen und falsches Wissen bei Hayek: Vom Wissensverlust der ökonomisierten Gesellschaft," Working Paper Serie des Instituts für Ökonomie, Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung (HfGG), Institut für Ökonomie, number 66.
• Hein, Eckhard & Martschin, Judith, 2020, "The Eurozone in crisis: A Kaleckian macroeconomic regime and policy perspective," IPE Working Papers, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE), number 145/2020.
• Ettmeier, Stephanie & Kriwoluzky, Alexander, 2020, "Active, or passive? Revisiting the role of fiscal policy in the Great Inflation," Working Papers, German Research Foundation's Priority Programme 1859 "Experience and Expectation. Historical Foundations of Economic Behaviour", Humboldt University Berlin, number 17, DOI: 10.18452/21404.
• Papadia, Andrea & Schioppa, Claudio A., 2020, "Foreign debt, capital controls, and secondary markets: Theory and evidence from Nazi Germany," Working Papers, German Research Foundation's Priority Programme 1859 "Experience and Expectation. Historical Foundations of Economic Behaviour", Humboldt University Berlin, number 25, DOI: 10.18452/22060.
• Hullán Szabolcs, 2020, "The Hungarian nuclear emergency response system," Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems - scientific journal, Croatian Interdisciplinary Society Provider Homepage: http://indecs.eu, volume 18, issue 3, pages 400-407.

2019

• Joshua K. Hausman & Paul W. Rhode & Johannes F. Wieland, 2019, "Recovery from the Great Depression: The Farm Channel in Spring 1933," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 109, issue 2, pages 427-472, February.
• Philippe Andrade & Gaetano Gaballo & Eric Mengus & Benoît Mojon, 2019, "Forward Guidance and Heterogeneous Beliefs," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 11, issue 3, pages 1-29, July.
• Ansgar Belke & Ulrich Volz, 2019, "Flows to emerging market and developing economies – Global liquidity and uncertainty versus country-specific pull factors," Review of Development Finance Journal, Chartered Institute of Development Finance, volume 9, issue 1, pages 32-50.
• Dallago, Bruno, 2019, "Comparative Economics, Globalisation and the Eurozone in the Quest for a New Eurozone Paradigm," Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, volume 69, issue supplemen, pages 99-119, January.
• Marek Dabrowski, 2019, "Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again?," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 5, issue 1, pages 67-87, April, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.5.35506.
• Henry W. Chappell & Mark N. Harris & Rob Roy McGregor & Christopher Spencer, 2019, "Stop‐Go Monetary Policy," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, volume 57, issue 3, pages 1698-1717, July, DOI: 10.1111/ecin.12787.
• Richard McManus & Gulcin Ozkan & Dawid Trzeciakiewicz, 2019, "Expansionary Contractions and Fiscal Free Lunches: Too Good To Be True?," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 121, issue 1, pages 32-54, January, DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12269.
• Sophie Piton, 2019, "Do unit labour costs matter? A decomposition exercise on European data," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 799, May.
• Stefania D’Amico & Iryna Kaminska, 2019, "Credit easing versus quantitative easing: evidence from corporate and government bond purchase programs," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 825, Sep.
• Nitzan Tzur-Ilan, 2019, "Macroprudential Policy: Implementation, Effects, And Lessons," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, volume 17, issue 1, pages 39-71.
• Di Nola Alessandro & Kocharkov Georgi & Vasilev Aleksandar, 2019, "Envelope wages, hidden production and labor productivity," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 19, issue 2, pages 1-30, June, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2018-0252.
• Schnabl Gunther & Müller Sebastian, 2019, "The Brexit as a Forerunner: Monetary Policy, Economic Order and Divergence Forces in the European Union," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 16, issue 1, pages 1-18, December, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2019-0029.
• Perri Salvatore, 2019, "The Risks of Hard Brexit for the United Kingdom," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 16, issue 1, pages 1-8, December, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2019-0025.
• Fabian J. Baier, 2019, "Foreign Direct Investment and Tax: OECD Gravity Modelling in a World with International Financial Institutions," EIIW Discussion paper, Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, University Library, number disbei261, Aug.
• Alessio Terzi, 2019, "The Euro Crisis and Economic Growth: A Novel Counterfactual Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 7746.
• Francesco D'Acunto & Daniel Hoang & Michael Weber & Michael Weber, 2019, "Managing Households' Expectations with Salient Economic Policies," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 7793.
• Chang Woon Nam & Peter Steinhoff, 2019, "The Role of Volunteers in German Refugee Crisis and Their Contribution to Local Government Expenditure," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 20, issue 03, pages 25-30, October.
• Sophie Piton, 2019, "Do Unit Labour Costs Matter? A Decomposition Exercise on European Data," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 1910, Apr.
• Renato Faccini & Edoardo Palombo, 2019, "News Uncertainty in Brexit U.K," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 1921, Dec.
• Ricardo Hausmann & Tim O'Brien & Miguel Angel Santos & Ana Grisanti & Jorge Tapia, 2019, "Jordan: The Elements of a Growth Strategy," CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University, number 346, Feb.
• Dijan RAHAJUNI & Lilis Siti BADRIAH & Ascaryan RAFINDA, 2019, "Implementing Productive Economic Activities For The Poor Based On Social Capital," SEA - Practical Application of Science, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 19, pages 47-54, May.
• Diego Armando Castro Amado & Yeison Andrey Loaiza, 2019, "La corrupción extractiva en Colombia 2000-2011," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, volume 38, issue 67, pages 227-250.
• John Komlos, 2019, "Reaganomics: una línea divisoria," Tiempo y Economía, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, volume 6, issue 1, pages 47-76, DOI: 10.21789/24222704.1409.
• Acemoglu, Daron & Üçer, Murat, 2019, "High-Quality Versus Low-Quality Growth in Turkey - Causes and Consequences," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14070, Oct.
• Azqueta-Gavaldon, Andres & Hirschbühl, Dominik & Onorante, Luca & Saiz, Lorena, 2019, "Sources of economic policy uncertainty in the euro area: a machine learning approach," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 5.
• Svetlana Vladislavlevna Lobova & Aleksei Valentinovich Bogoviz & Yulia Vyacheslavovna Ragulina & Alexander Nikolaevich Alekseev, 2019, "The Fuel and Energy Complex of Russia: Analyzing Energy Efficiency Policies at the Federal Level," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 9, issue 1, pages 205-211.
• Charlton, Andrew, 2019, "Fiscal policy in extraordinary times: A perspective from Australia’s experience in the global recession," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 64, issue C, pages 83-90, DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2019.07.009.
• Kumar, Anil & Liang, Che-Yuan, 2019, "Credit constraints and GDP growth: Evidence from a natural experiment," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 181, issue C, pages 190-194, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.05.037.
• Cukierman, Alex, 2019, "A retrospective on the subprime crisis and its aftermath ten years after Lehman’s collapse," Economic Systems, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 3, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2019.100713.
• Ma, Shao-Chao & Xu, Jin-Hua & Fan, Ying, 2019, "Willingness to pay and preferences for alternative incentives to EV purchase subsidies: An empirical study in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 81, issue C, pages 197-215, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.03.012.
• Cutsinger, Bryan P. & Ingber, Joshua S., 2019, "Seigniorage in the Civil War South," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 74-92, DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2018.11.001.
• Nagar, Venky & Schoenfeld, Jordan & Wellman, Laura, 2019, "The effect of economic policy uncertainty on investor information asymmetry and management disclosures," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, volume 67, issue 1, pages 36-57, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacceco.2018.08.011.
• Hill, Paula & Korczak, Adriana & Korczak, Piotr, 2019, "Political uncertainty exposure of individual companies: The case of the Brexit referendum," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, volume 100, issue C, pages 58-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.12.012.
• Kim, Jinyong & Kim, Mingook & Lee, Jeong Hwan, 2019, "The effect of TARP on loan loss provisions and bank transparency," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, volume 102, issue C, pages 79-99, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.03.006.
• Barucci, Emilio & Colozza, Tommaso & Milani, Carlo, 2019, "The effect of bank bail-outs in the EU," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 95, issue C, pages 14-26, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.03.004.
• Hughes Hallett, Andrew & Mavrodimitrakis, Christos, 2019, "Cooperation vs. leadership in a core-periphery monetary union: Inter-country vs. inter-institutional policy coordination," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 59, issue C, pages 103-122, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2018.11.001.
• Conrad, Christian & Hartmann, Matthias, 2019, "On the determinants of long-run inflation uncertainty: Evidence from a panel of 17 developed economies," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, volume 56, issue C, pages 233-250, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.09.002.
• Yingying Lu & Yixiao Zhou, 2019, "A Short Review on the Economics of Artificial Intelligence," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2019-54, Aug.
• Michael A. Landesmann, 2019, "Nicholas Kaldor and Kazimierz Å aski on the pitfalls of the European integration process," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 16, issue 3, pages 344-369, December.
• Sergio Rossi, 2019, "The dangerous ineffectiveness of negative interest rates: the case of Switzerland," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 7, issue 2, pages 220-232, April.
• Alain Ize, 2019, "Una nota sobre el crecimiento de México/A note on Mexico's growth," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, volume 34, issue 1, pages 123-155.
• Ricardo Hausmann & Tim O'Brien & Miguel Angel Santos & Ana Grisanti & Jorge Tapia, 2019, "Jordan: The Elements of a Growth Strategy," Growth Lab Working Papers, Harvard's Growth Lab, number 131, Feb.
• Andersson, Fredrik N. G. & Jonung, Lars, 2019, "The Tyranny of the Tenths. The Rise and Gradual Fall of Forward Guidance in Sweden 2007-2018," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2019:14, Oct.
• Alfredo Aldo Visintini & Julio Rosales, 2019, "La Credibilidad y la Política Macroeconómica tras el abandono de la Convertibilidad," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, volume 29, issue 97, pages 9-22, Ene-Abr.
• Tianxi Wang, 2019, "Banks' Wealth, Banks' Creation of Money, and Central Banking," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, volume 15, issue 3, pages 89-135, September.
• Jesper Pedersen, 2019, "What Are the Effects of Changes in Taxation and New Types of Mortgages on the Real Economy? The Case of Denmark during the 2000s," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, volume 15, issue 5, pages 47-99, December.
• Mr. Tigran Poghosyan, 2019, "How Effective is Macroprudential Policy? Evidence from Lending Restriction Measures in EU Countries," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2019/045, Mar.
• Alexander Herzog-Stein & Camille Logeay, 2019, "Short-Term macroeconomic evaluation of the German minimum wage with a VAR/VECM," IMK Working Paper, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute, number 197-2019.
• Florian Brugger & Jörn Kleinert, 2019, "The strong increase of Austrian government debt in the Kreisky era: Austro-Keynesianism or just stubborn forecast errors?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 46, issue 2, pages 229-248, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-017-9396-0.
• Athiphat Muthitacharoen & Krislert Samphantharak & Sommarat Chantarat, 2019, "Fiscal stimulus and debt burden: evidence from Thailand’s first-car-buyer tax rebate program," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, volume 26, issue 6, pages 1383-1415, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09549-6.
• Fernando J. Cardim de Carvalho, 2019, "Economic Planning under Capitalism: The New Deal and Postwar France Experiments," Economics Working Paper Archive, Levy Economics Institute, number wp_923, Feb.
• Areendam Chanda & C. Justin Cook, 2019, "Who Gained from India's Demonetization? Insights from Satellites and Surveys," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Louisiana State University, number 2019-06, May.
• Gauti B. Eggertsson & Ragnar E. Juelsrud & Lawrence H. Summers & Ella Getz Wold, 2019, "Negative Nominal Interest Rates and the Bank Lending Channel," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 25416, Jan.
• Francesco D’Acunto & Daniel Hoang & Maritta Paloviita & Michael Weber, 2019, "IQ, Expectations, and Choice," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 25496, Jan.
• Peter Hooper & Frederic S. Mishkin & Amir Sufi, 2019, "Prospects for Inflation in a High Pressure Economy: Is the Phillips Curve Dead or is It Just Hibernating?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 25792, May.
• Michael E. Waugh, 2019, "The Consumption Response to Trade Shocks: Evidence from the US-China Trade War," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26353, Oct.
• Gupta, Poonam & Ahmad, Junaid & Blum, Florian & Jain, Dhruv, 2019, "India’s Growth Story," India Policy Forum, National Council of Applied Economic Research, volume 15, issue 1, pages 39-105.
• Napoleon Pop & Sorin-Nicolae Curcă, 2019, "Romania 2040 - A Perspective," Global Economic Observer, "Nicolae Titulescu" University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences;Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy, volume 7, issue 1, June.
• David Turner & Thomas Chalaux, 2019, "Calibrating GDP fan charts using probit models with a comparison to the approaches of the Bank of England and Riksbank," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1542, Mar, DOI: 10.1787/c5ca6eb6-en.
• Nikki Kergozou & David Turner, 2019, "Using probit models of downturn risk to calibrate GDP Fan charts for New Zealand," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1543, Mar, DOI: 10.1787/aa823471-en.
• PETRIC Nicolae, 2019, "An Econometric Approach on Shadow economy in European countries," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 72-82, July.
• Benjamin Born & Gernot J Müller & Moritz Schularick & Petr Sedláček, 2019, "The Costs of Economic Nationalism: Evidence from the Brexit Experiment," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 129, issue 623, pages 2722-2744.
• Gregori Galofré-Vilà & Christopher M Meissner & Martin McKee & David Stuckler, 2019, "The economic consequences of the 1953 London Debt Agreement," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, volume 23, issue 1, pages 1-29.
• Amjad, Rashid & Shahzad, Almazia, 2019, "Breaking out of Pakistan’s Stop-Go Economic Cycles: Do the “Twin” Fiscal and Current Account Deficits Hold the Key? 1999-2019," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 106064.
• De Koning, Kees, 2019, "Conversion Theory II: the case for Recession Bonds," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 91203, Jan.
• De Koning, Kees, 2019, "After the Great Recession; the Laws of Unintended Consequences," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 92839, Mar.
• Hasan, Zubair, 2019, "Deficit financing in developing countries: Applications and consequences," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 93118, Jan, revised Feb 2019.
• Chanda, Areendam & Cook, Justin, 2019, "Who Gained from India’s Demonetization? Insights from Satellites and Surveys," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 95762, Aug.
• Omotosho, Babatunde S., 2019, "Central Bank Communication in Ghana: Insights from a Text Mining Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 98297, Nov.
• Kuo-Hsuan Chin, 2019, "Fiscal Stimulus on Bayesian DSGE Models," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2019, issue 6, pages 688-708, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.708.
• Stanislav Hába, 2019, "Způsoby ukončení kvantitativního uvolňování na příkladech Japonska, Spojeného království a Spojených států amerických
  [Methods of Exiting Quantitative Easing on the Examples of Japan, the UK and the USA]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2019, issue 1, pages 48-64, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1225.
• Jason Allen & Robert Clark & Brent R. Hickman & Eric Richert, 2022, "Resolving Failed Banks: Uncertainty, Multiple Bidding & Auction Design," Working Paper, Economics Department, Queen's University, number 1422, Jul.
• Francesco D'Acunto & Daniel Hoang & Maritta Paloviita & Michael Weber, 2019, "Human Frictions to the Transmission of Economic Policy," 2019 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 339.
• Kauhanen, Antti & Lehmus, Markku, 2019, "Working Time, Employment and Competitiveness," ETLA Reports, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 92, Aug.
• Alexei Karas & William Pyle & Koen Schoors, 2019, "Deposit Insurance, Market Discipline and Bank Risk," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, number 19/953, Jan.
• Moses K. Tule & Taiwo Ajilore & Augustine Ujunwa, 2019, "Monetary Policy Contagion in the West African Monetary Zone," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 54, issue 4, pages 375-398, November, DOI: 10.1177/0015732519874219.
• Bappaditya Mukhopadhyay, 2019, "Consumer Confidence and Lasting Effect of Demonetisation," Review of Market Integration, India Development Foundation, volume 11, issue 1-2, pages 54-92, April, DOI: 10.1177/0974929219882131.
• Natalia Str?k, 2019, "Populist strategy of Polish political parties," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, number 9912221, Oct.
• Rómulo A. Chumacero, 2019, "Skills versus Luck: Bolivia and its recent Bonanza," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), volume 28, issue 1, pages 1-27, December, DOI: 10.1186/s40503-019-0069-1.
• John Komlos & Hermann Schubert, 2019, "Die Entwicklung sozialer Ungleichheit und ihre politischen Implikationen in den USA
  [Trump’s Triumph: The Development of Social Inequality and its Political Implications]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 99, issue 3, pages 216-223, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-019-2421-0.
• Oddmund Berg, 2019, "Gambling with the family silver. Household consumption and saving responses to fiscal uncertainty," Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway, Research Department, number 913, Aug.
• Irina I. Frolova & Olga Yurievna Voronkova & Natalia Andreevna Alekhina & Irina Kovaleva & Natalia A. Prodanova & Liudmila V. Kashirskaya, 2019, "Corruption as an obstacle to sustainable development: A regional example," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, volume 7, issue 1, pages 674-689, September, DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2019.7.1(48).
• Julia Darby & Jun Gao & Siobhan Lucey & Sheng Zhu, 2019, "Is heightened political uncertainty priced in stock returns? Evidence from the 2014 Scottish independence referendum," Working Papers, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics, number 1913, Sep.
• Sebastian O. Uremadu* & Kingsley O. Onyele, 2019, "Influence of Fiscal Policy on Gross Domestic Investment (GDI) in Nigeria," Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, Sumerianz Publication, volume 2, issue 7, pages 74-85, 07-2019, DOI: sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&jour.
• Canofari Paolo & Di Bartolomeo Giovanni & Messori Marcello, 2019, "Sovereign debt crisis, fiscal consolidation, and active central bankers in a monetary union," wp.comunite, Department of Communication, University of Teramo, number 00146, Jun.
• Christian Breuer, 2019, "State Expansionary Austerity and Reverse Causality: A Critique of the Conventional Approach," Working Papers Series, Institute for New Economic Thinking, number 98, Jun, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3419588.
• Roberto Tamborini & Matteo Tomaselli, 2019, "The determinants of austerity in the European Union 2010-16," DEM Working Papers, Department of Economics and Management, number 2019/6.
• Rocío Sánchez-Lissen & Manuel Luis Pazos Casado & María Teresa Sanz-Díaz, 2019, "El disenso político en España (1979-82) según el Equipo de Coyuntura Económica en el diario El País
  [Political dissent in Spain (1979-82) according to Equipo de Coyuntura Económica in the Newspaper El País]," Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Dpto. Historia e Instituciones Económicas I., volume 6, issue 1, pages 69-86, DOI: 10.5209/IJHE.64119.
• A.O. Karas & William Pyle & Koen Schoors, 2019, "Deposit Insurance, Market Discipline and Bank Risk," Working Papers, Utrecht School of Economics, number 19-02, Jan.
• Bednarczyk Jan L. & Brzozowska-Rup Katarzyna, 2019, "Non-Decreasing Economic Growth Rate Of Inflation (Ndegri) In Light Of Empirical Studies," Econometrics. Advances in Applied Data Analysis, Sciendo, volume 23, issue 1, pages 9-18, March, DOI: 10.15611/eada.2019.1.01.
• Jakl Jakub, 2019, "The True Nature of the Portfolio Balance Channel of Quantitative Easing Policy," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, volume 19, issue 2, pages 95-117, June, DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0006.
• Ralph G. Lattimore, 2019, "The Composition of New Zealand Exports 1989-2018," Working Papers in Economics, University of Waikato, number 19/10, Sep.
• Ralph G. Lattimore, 2019, "New Zealand as a Niche Player in World Markets," Working Papers in Economics, University of Waikato, number 19/14, Nov.
• Karas, Alexei & Pyle, William & Schoors, Koen, 2019, "Deposit insurance, market discipline and bank risk," BOFIT Discussion Papers, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT), number 10/2019.
• D'Acunto, Francesco & Hoang, Daniel & Paloviita, Maritta & Weber, Michael, 2019, "IQ, Expectations, and Choice," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers, Bank of Finland, number 2/2019.
• Vernikov, Andrei, 2019, "The drivers of institutional change in a post-socialist economy: The case of deposit insurance introduction in Russia," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 11, issue 1, pages 129-143, DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2019.11.1.129-14.
• Mohammed, Mikidadu, 2019, "Growth Fatigue," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 200401.
• Juselius, Katarina & Dimelis, Sophia, 2019, "The Greek crisis: A story of self-reinforcing feedback mechanisms," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, volume 13, pages 1-22, DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-.
• Lieberknecht, Philipp & Wieland, Volker, 2019, "On the macroeconomic and fiscal effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act," IMFS Working Paper Series, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS), number 131.
• D'Acunto, Francesco & Hoang, Daniel & Paloviita, Maritta & Weber, Michael, 2019, "IQ, expectations, and choice," Working Paper Series in Economics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Economics and Management, number 127, DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000092483.
• D'Acunto, Francesco & Hoang, Daniel & Paloviita, Maritta & Weber, Michael, 2019, "Human frictions in the transmission of economic policy," Working Paper Series in Economics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Economics and Management, number 128, DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000092484.
• Lieberknecht, Philipp & Wieland, Volker, 2019, "On the macroeconomic and fiscal effects of the tax cuts and jobs act," Working Papers, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, number 10/2018.
• Ettmeier, Stephanie & Kriwoluzky, Alexander, 2019, "Active, or passive? Revisiting the role of fiscal policy in the Great Inflation," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 203609.
• Belke, Ansgar & Volz, Ulrich, 2019, "Capital flows to emerging market and developing economies: Global liquidity and uncertainty versus country-specific pull factors," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 203629.
• Bosankic, Alen & Hütten, Moritz & Klüh, Ulrich, 2019, ""Kölner Devisen": Fachöffentliche Erwartungsrevisionen in Folge der Herstatt-Krise
  ["Cologne Foreign Exchange": Public revisions of expectations as a result of the Herstatt crisis]," ZNWU Discussion Papers, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt Business School, Center for Sustainable Economic and Corporate Policy (SECP), number 1.

2018

• KLEIN, Mathias & WINKLER, Roland, 2018, "The government spending multiplier at the zero lower bound: International evidence from historical data," Working Papers, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics, number 2018001, Jan.
• Vyacheslav Klochan & Iryna Klochan, 2018, "Improvement Of The Mechanism Of State Regulation Of Investment In The Innovative Development Of The Agrarian Sector," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", volume 4, issue 2, DOI: 10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-2-99-105.
• Russell Barnett & Konrad Zmitrowicz, 2018, "Assessing the Impact of Demand Shocks on the US Term Premium," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 18-7, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2018-7.
• Guido Bulligan & Davide Delle Monache, 2018, "Financial markets effects of ECB unconventional monetary policy announcements," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 424, Feb.
• Guido Bulligan, 2018, "The effect of the Eurosystem expanded Asset Purchase Programme on inflation expectations: evidence from the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 455, Oct.
• Nikola Fabris, 2018, "Da Li Je Savremena Makroekonomska Teorija U Krizi? (Is A Modern Macroeconomic Theory In Crisis?)," Ekonomske ideje i praksa, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, issue 30, pages 7-20, September.
• Jean Barthélemy & Eric Mengus, 2018, "Monetary Rules, Determinacy and Limited Enforcement," Working papers, Banque de France, number 700.
• Philippe Andrade & Gaetano Gaballo & Eric Mengus & Benoit Mojon, 2018, "Forward guidance and heterogeneous beliefs," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 750, Oct.
• M. Hashem Pesaran & Ron P. Smith, 2018, "Tests of Policy Interventions in DSGE Models," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, volume 80, issue 3, pages 457-484, June, DOI: 10.1111/obes.12224.
• Michael T. Belongia & Peter N. Ireland, 2018, "Monetary Policy Lessons from the Greenbook," Boston College Working Papers in Economics, Boston College Department of Economics, number 955, Jul.
• T. Aksoy & P. Manasse, 2018, "The Persistence-Resilience Trade-off in Unemployment: The Role of Labor and Product Market Institutions," Working Papers, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna, number wp1121, May.
• Schnabl Gunther & Müller Sebastian, 2018, "Zur Zukunft der Europäischen Union aus ordnungspolitischer Perspektive," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, volume 68, issue 1, pages 3-34, March, DOI: 10.1515/ordo-2018-0002.
• Paul J.J. Welfens & Fabian J. Baier, 2018, "BREXIT and FDI: Key Issues and New Empirical Findings," EIIW Discussion paper, Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, University Library, number disbei241, Jan.
• Rodnyansky, A., 2018, "(Un)Competitive Devaluations and Firm Dynamics," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 1888, Dec.
• Congressional Budget Office, 2018, "A Review of CBO’s Estimate of the Effects of the Recovery Act on SNAP," Reports, Congressional Budget Office, number 54864, Dec.
• Julia de Furquim Werneck Moreira & Gilberto de Assis Libânio, 2018, "Macroeconomic policies after the 2008 financial crisis: lessons from brazilian and chinese experiences," Textos para Discussão Cedeplar-UFMG, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, number 585, Aug.
• Francesco D'Acunto & Daniel Hoang & Michael Weber & Michael Weber, 2018, "Unconventional Fiscal Policy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 6862.
• Sebastian Müller & Gunther Schnabl, 2018, "The Brexit as a Forerunner: Monetary Policy, Economic Order and Divergence Forces in the European Union," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 6938.
• Chang Woon Nam & Peter Steinhoff, 2018, "The Role of Volunteers in German Refugee Crisis and their Contribution to the Local Government Expenditure," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 7352.
• Alessio Terzi, 2018, "Macroeconomic Adjustment in the Euro Area," CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University, number 88a, Feb.