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Returning Home at Times of Trouble? Return Migration of EU Enlargement Migrants During the Crisis

In: Labor Migration, EU Enlargement, and the Great Recession

Author

Listed:
  • Anzelika Zaiceva

    (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
    Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA))

  • Klaus F. Zimmermann

    (University of Bonn, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA))

Abstract

Eastern enlargements of the European Union to eight Central and Eastern European countries (EU8) together with Cyprus and Malta in 2004 and Romania and Bulgaria (EU2) in 2007 were unprecedented in many aspects. Leaving aside Cyprus and Malta, the large population size of the acceding block and substantial income differentials between the old and new EU members generated fears of a huge influx of Central and Eastern European migrants who would settle permanently in the old EU15 countries, leading to benefits shopping and negative impacts on the receiving countries’ labor markets. However, a significant proportion of these migrants considered and indeed stayed abroad temporarily (Pollard, N., Latorre, M., & Sriskandarajah, D. (2008). Floodgates or Turnstiles? Post-EU enlargement migration flows to (and from) the UK. London: Institute for Public Policy Research; European Commission. (2008). The impact of free movement of workers in the context of EU enlargement, Report on the first phase (1 January 2007 – 31 December 2008) of the Transitional Arrangements set out in the 2005 Accession Treaty and as requested according to the Transitional Arrangements set out in the 2003 Accession Treaty. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels, 18 Nov 2008; Eurofound. (2012). Labour mobility within the EU: The impact of return migration. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions). Overall, immigration from the EU8 and EU2 has increased the EU15 population by approximately 1 % after the enlargements, with around 1.8 % and 4.1 % of the respective regions’ population having moved into the EU15 (Holland, D., Fic, T., Rincon-Aznar, A., et al. (2011). Labour mobility within the EU – The impact of enlargement and the functioning of the transitional arrangements. Final Report. Study for the DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. European Commission, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London; Brücker, H., Damelang, A. (2009). Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning of the transitional arrangements. Analysis of the scale, direction and structure of labour mobility, Deliverable 2. Nürnberg: IAB.

Suggested Citation

  • Anzelika Zaiceva & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2016. "Returning Home at Times of Trouble? Return Migration of EU Enlargement Migrants During the Crisis," Springer Books, in: Martin Kahanec & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Labor Migration, EU Enlargement, and the Great Recession, pages 397-418, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-662-45320-9_16
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45320-9_16
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan Barrett & Elish Kelly, 2012. "The Impact of Ireland’s Recession on the Labour Market Outcomes of its Immigrants [L’impact de la récession en Irlande sur le devenir de ses immigrés sur le marché du travail]," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 28(1), pages 91-111, February.
    2. Dr Tatiana Fic & Ana Rincon-Aznar & Lucy Stokes & Dawn Holland, 2011. "Labour mobility within the EU," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 379, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    3. Anna Iara, 2006. "Skill diffusion by temporary migration? Returns to Western European working experience in the EU-accession countries," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 0607, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, revised 30 Aug 2006.
    4. Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2012. "The Dynamics of Repeat Migration: A Markov Chain Analysis," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(2), pages 362-388, June.
    5. Amelie F. Constant & Olga Nottmeyer & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2013. "The economics of circular migration," Chapters, in: Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, chapter 3, pages 55-74, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Kim, Anna Myunghee, 2010. "Foreign Labour Migration and the Economic Crisis in the EU: Ongoing and Remaining Issues of the Migrant Workforce in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 5134, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Mayr Karin & Peri Giovanni, 2009. "Brain Drain and Brain Return: Theory and Application to Eastern-Western Europe," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-52, November.
    8. Anna Iara, 2008. "Skill Diffusion by Temporary Migration? Returns to Western European Work Experience in Central and East European Countries," wiiw Working Papers 46, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    9. Ulf Rinne & Klaus Zimmermann, 2012. "Another economic miracle? The German labor market and the Great Recession," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 1(1), pages 1-21, December.
    10. Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), 2013. "International Handbook on the Economics of Migration," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 4026.
    11. Dr Tatiana Fic & Ana Rincon-Aznar & Lucy Stokes & Dawn Holland, 2011. "Labour mobility within the EU," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 379, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    12. Anzelika Zaiceva & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2008. "Scale, diversity, and determinants of labour migration in Europe," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 24(3), pages 428-452, Autumn.
    13. Enel Pungas & Ott Toomet & Tiit Tammaru & Kristi Anniste, 2012. "Are Better Educated Migrants Returning? Evidence from Multi-Dimensional Education Data," Norface Discussion Paper Series 2012018, Norface Research Programme on Migration, Department of Economics, University College London.
    14. Kahanec, Martin & Zaiceva, Anzelika & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2009. "Lessons from Migration after EU Enlargement," IZA Discussion Papers 4230, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Mayr Karin & Peri Giovanni, 2009. "Brain Drain and Brain Return: Theory and Application to Eastern-Western Europe," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-52, November.
    16. Hazans, Mihails & Philips, Kaia, 2011. "The Post-Enlargement Migration Experience in the Baltic Labor Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 5878, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Amelie Constant & Klaus Zimmermann, 2011. "Circular and Repeat Migration: Counts of Exits and Years Away from the Host Country," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 30(4), pages 495-515, August.
    18. Martin Kahanec & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), 2010. "EU Labor Markets After Post-Enlargement Migration," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-642-02242-5, February.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kristi Anniste & Tiit Tammaru, 2014. "Ethnic differences in integration levels and return migration intentions," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 30(13), pages 377-412.
    2. Kahanec, Martin & Zimmermann, Klaus F. & Kureková, Lucia Mýtna & Biavaschi, Costanza, 2013. "Labour Migration from EaP Countries to the EU – Assessment of Costs and Benefits and Proposals for Better Labour Market Matching," IZA Research Reports 56, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Koikkalainen Saara, 2017. "Finnish Highly Skilled Migrants and the European Economic Crisis," TalTech Journal of European Studies, Sciendo, vol. 7(2), pages 168-181, October.
    4. Uuriintuya Batsaikhan & Zsolt Darvas & Inês Goncalves Raposo, . "People on the move- migration and mobility in the European Union," Blueprints, Bruegel, number 23874, June.
    5. Victoria Prieto Rosas & Joaquin Recaño & Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes, 2018. "Migration responses of immigrants in Spain during the Great Recession," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 38(61), pages 1885-1932.
    6. Constantin Anghelache & Madalina – Gabriela Anghel & Alina – Georgiana Solomon, 2017. "The Effect of Migration on Labor Resources," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 6-13, July.
    7. Zane Varpina & Kata Fredheim, 2022. "The Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on migrants’ decision to return home to Latvia," SSE Riga/BICEPS Occasional Papers 16, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies (BICEPS);Stockholm School of Economics in Riga (SSE Riga).
    8. Maryna Tverdostup & Jaan Masso, 2016. "The labour market performance of young return migrants after the crisis in CEE countries: the case of Estonia," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 16(2), pages 192-220.
    9. Merja Kauhanen & Mari Kangasniemi, 2014. "Returns to return migration: wage premium of Estonian return migrants from Finland," Working Papers 290, Työn ja talouden tutkimus LABORE, The Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE.
    10. Kureková, Lucia Mýtna & Žilin?íková, Zuzana, 2016. "What is the Value of Foreign Work Experience? Analysing Online CV Data in Slovakia," IZA Discussion Papers 9921, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Karin Amit, 2018. "Identity, Belonging and Intentions to Leave of First and 1.5 Generation FSU Immigrants in Israel," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(3), pages 1219-1235, October.
    12. Jack DeWaard & Jasmine Trang Ha & James Raymer & Arkadiusz Wiśniowski, 2017. "Migration from New-Accession Countries and Duration Expectancy in the EU-15: 2002–2008," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 33(1), pages 33-53, February.
    13. Andersen, Torben M. & Migali, Silvia, 2016. "Migrant Workers and the Welfare State," IZA Discussion Papers 9940, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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