IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/f/pco702.html
   My authors  Follow this author

Matthew Edward Collin

Personal Details

First Name:Matthew
Middle Name:Edward
Last Name:Collin
Suffix:
RePEc Short-ID:pco702
[This author has chosen not to make the email address public]
https://sites.google.com/view/mattcollin/home
Twitter: @aidthoughts
Mastodon: @mattcollin@econtwitter.net
Terminal Degree:2013 Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE); Department of Economics; Oxford University (from RePEc Genealogy)

Affiliation

(34%) Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE)

Lima, Peru
http://www.grade.org.pe/
RePEc:edi:gradepe (more details at EDIRC)

(33%) Global Economy and Development Program
Brookings Institution

Washington, District of Columbia (United States)
http://www.brookings.edu/global.aspx
RePEc:edi:gebrous (more details at EDIRC)

(33%) Center for Global Development (CGD)

Washington, District of Columbia (United States)
https://www.cgdev.org/
RePEc:edi:cgdevus (more details at EDIRC)

Research output

as
Jump to: Working papers Articles

Working papers

  1. Matthew Collin & Vincenzo Di Maro & David K. Evans & Fredrick Manang, 2022. "Property Tax Compliance in Tanzania: Can Nudges Help?," Working Papers 621, Center for Global Development.
  2. Matthew Collin & David N. Weil, 2020. "The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise," Working Papers 2020-03, Brown University, Department of Economics.
  3. Matthew Collin & David Weil, 2018. "The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty," World Bank Publications - Reports 30463, The World Bank Group.
  4. Matthew Collin & Theodore Talbot, 2017. "Do Age-of-Marriage Laws Work? Evidence from a Large Sample of Developing Countries - Working Paper 458," Working Papers 458, Center for Global Development.
  5. Collin,Matthew Edward, 2017. "Peer effects in the demand for property rights : experimental evidence from urban Tanzania," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8163, The World Bank.
  6. Matt Collin , Samantha Cook and Kimmo Soramäki, 2016. "The Impact of Anti-Money Laundering Regulation on Payment Flows: Evidence from SWIFT Data - Working Paper 445," Working Papers 445, Center for Global Development.
  7. Matthew Collin & Justin Sandefur & Andrew Zeitlin, 2015. "Falling Off the Map: The Impact of Formalizing (Some) Informal Settlements in Tanzania," CSAE Working Paper Series 2015-09, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  8. Daniel Ayalew Ali, Matt Collin, Klaus Deininger, Stefan Dercon, Justin Sandefur, and Andrew Zeitlin, 2014. "The Price of Empowerment: Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania - Working Paper 369," Working Papers 369, Center for Global Development.
  9. Daniel Ayalew Ali & Matthew Collin & Klaus Deininger & Stefan Dercon & Justin Sandefur & Andrew Zeitlin, 2014. "The Price of Empowerment: Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania," CSAE Working Paper Series 2014-23, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  10. Matthew Collin, 2013. "Tribe or title? Ethnic enclaves and the demand for formal land tenure in a Tanzanian slum," CSAE Working Paper Series 2013-12, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

Articles

  1. Matthew Collin, 2020. "Tribe or Title? The Effect of Coethnic Neighbors on the Demand for Formal Property Rights in a Tanzanian Slum," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(3), pages 899-945.
  2. Matthew Collin & David N. Weil, 2020. "The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(1), pages 43-83.
  3. Matthew Collin, 2020. "Illicit Financial Flows: Concepts, Measurement, and Evidence," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 35(1), pages 44-86.
  4. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Collin, Matthew & Deininger, Klaus & Dercon, Stefan & Sandefur, Justin & Zeitlin, Andrew, 2016. "Small price incentives increase women's access to land titles in Tanzania," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 107-122.

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Matthew Collin & Vincenzo Di Maro & David K. Evans & Fredrick Manang, 2022. "Property Tax Compliance in Tanzania: Can Nudges Help?," Working Papers 621, Center for Global Development.

    Cited by:

    1. Samiji, Ally A. & Chegere, Martin J. & Ruhinduka, Remidius D., 2023. "The Effect of Carrot and Stick Measures in Fostering Taxpayer Compliance in Tanzania: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 11(5), December.

  2. Matthew Collin & David N. Weil, 2020. "The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise," Working Papers 2020-03, Brown University, Department of Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Touhami Abdelkhalek & Dorothee Boccanfuso, 2021. "Human Capital Index (HCI) - From Uncertainty to Robustness of Comparisons," Working Papers 1462, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Feb 2021.
    2. Li, Chao & Sun, Daoming, 2023. "Women’s bargaining power and spending on children’s education: Evidence from a natural experiment in China," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    3. Huang, Chien-Chung & Jin, Huiying & Zhang, Jieyou & Zheng, Qinqin & Chen, Yafan & Cheung, Shannon & Liu, Chuwei, 2020. "The effects of an innovative e-commerce poverty alleviation platform on Chinese rural laborer skills development and family well-being," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    4. Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė & Mindaugas Butkus & Renata Macaitienė & Vida Davidavičienė, 2022. "Infrastructure and EU Regional Convergence: What Policy Implications Does Non-Linearity Bring?," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    5. Alicia Girón & Amirreza Kazemikhasragh, 2022. "Gender Equality and Economic Growth in Asia and Africa: Empirical Analysis of Developing and Least Developed Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 1433-1443, June.
    6. Pennings,Steven Michael, 2020. "The Utilization-adjusted Human Capital Index (UHCI)," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9375, The World Bank.
    7. Barbara Dañska-Borsiak, 2023. "Human capital convergence in European NUTS 2 regions," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 18(2), pages 367-392, June.
    8. Natalia P Montoya & Lia C O B Glaz & César C C Abad & Lucas A Pereira & Irineu Loturco, 2020. "What teachers need to know and be able to do: A view from teachers, students, and principals in the Brazilian context," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
    9. Mendez, Carlos & Gonzales, Erick, 2020. "Human Capital Constraints, Spatial Dependence, and Regionalization in Bolivia: A Spatial Clustering Approach," MPRA Paper 104303, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Yasser Razak Hussain & Pranab Mukhopadhyay, 2023. "How Much do Education, Experience, and Social Networks Impact Earnings in India? A Panel Data Analysis Disaggregated by Class, Gender, Caste and Religion," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    11. Nicoleta Valentina Florea & Constantin Aurelian Ionescu & Marinela Daniela Manea & Dan Ioan Topor & Sorinel Capusneanu & Dan Marius Coman & Sorina Geanina Stanescu & Mihaela Denisa Coman, 2023. "Implementing ABC as Cost Management Model for the Human Resources Department: Evidence From a Romanian Entity," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, May.
    12. Agasisti, Tommaso & Bertoletti, Alice, 2022. "Higher education and economic growth: A longitudinal study of European regions 2000–2017," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

  3. Matthew Collin & Theodore Talbot, 2017. "Do Age-of-Marriage Laws Work? Evidence from a Large Sample of Developing Countries - Working Paper 458," Working Papers 458, Center for Global Development.

    Cited by:

    1. Audrey Au Yong Lyn & Helmut Rainer, 2019. "Prohibition without Protection: Marriageable Age Law Reforms and Adolescent Fertility in Mexico," ifo Working Paper Series 314, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    2. Rachel Cassidy & Anaya Dam & Wendy Janssens & Umair Kiani & Karlijn Morsink, 2022. "Father of the bride, or steel magnolias? Targeting men, women or both to reduce child marriage," IFS Working Papers W22/50, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

  4. Collin,Matthew Edward, 2017. "Peer effects in the demand for property rights : experimental evidence from urban Tanzania," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8163, The World Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Matthew Collin, 2013. "Tribe or title? Ethnic enclaves and the demand for formal land tenure in a Tanzanian slum," CSAE Working Paper Series 2013-12, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    2. Bet Caeyers, 2014. "Peer effects in development programme awareness of vulnerable groups in rural Tanzania," CSAE Working Paper Series 2014-11, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    3. Bet Caeyers, 2014. "Exclusion bias in empirical social interaction models: causes, consequences and solutions," CSAE Working Paper Series 2014-05, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

  5. Matt Collin , Samantha Cook and Kimmo Soramäki, 2016. "The Impact of Anti-Money Laundering Regulation on Payment Flows: Evidence from SWIFT Data - Working Paper 445," Working Papers 445, Center for Global Development.

    Cited by:

    1. Louis de Koker & John Howell & Nicholas Morris, 2023. "Economic Consequences of Greylisting by the Financial Action Task Force," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-32, April.
    2. Arévalo, Franklim & Barucca, Paolo & Téllez-León, Isela-Elizabeth & Rodríguez, William & Gage, Gerardo & Morales, Raúl, 2022. "Identifying clusters of anomalous payments in the salvadorian payment system," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(1).

  6. Matthew Collin & Justin Sandefur & Andrew Zeitlin, 2015. "Falling Off the Map: The Impact of Formalizing (Some) Informal Settlements in Tanzania," CSAE Working Paper Series 2015-09, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

    Cited by:

    1. Panman, Alexandra & Lozano Gracia, Nancy, 2022. "Titling and beyond: Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    2. Michaels, Guy & Nigmatulina, Dzhamilya & Rauch, Ferdinand & Regan, Tanner & Baruah, Neeraj & Dahlstrand-Rudin, Amanda, 2017. "Planning ahead for better neighborhoods: long run evidence from Tanzania," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 86570, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin & Lota Tamini, 2018. "Droits de propriété foncière et performance des petits producteurs agricoles des pays en développement : une synthèse de la littérature empirique," CIRANO Working Papers 2018s-05, CIRANO.
    4. Manara, Martina & Pani, Erica, 2023. "Institutional work: how lenders transform land titles into collateral in urban Tanzania," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120208, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Jiaqi Zhang & Sophia Shuang Chen & Qun Gao & Qiushi Shen & Ismael Aaron Kimirei & Damas William Mapunda, 2020. "Morphological Characteristics of Informal Settlements and Strategic Suggestions for Urban Sustainable Development in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, and Kigoma," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Samwel Alananga, 2017. "The value of formal titles to ownership in residential property transactions: Evidence from Kinondoni municipality Tanzania," ERES eres2017_19, European Real Estate Society (ERES).

  7. Daniel Ayalew Ali, Matt Collin, Klaus Deininger, Stefan Dercon, Justin Sandefur, and Andrew Zeitlin, 2014. "The Price of Empowerment: Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania - Working Paper 369," Working Papers 369, Center for Global Development.

    Cited by:

    1. Edward L. Glaeser & Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto & Andrei Shleifer, 2016. "Securing Property Rights," Working Paper 463441, Harvard University OpenScholar.
    2. Panman, Alexandra & Lozano Gracia, Nancy, 2022. "Titling and beyond: Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Aguilar Esteva,Arturo Alberto & Carranza,Eliana & Goldstein,Markus P. & Kilic,Talip & Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni & Aguilar Esteva,Arturo Alberto & Carranza,Eliana & Goldstein,Markus P. & Kilic,Talip & Siw, 2014. "Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6764, The World Bank.
    4. Dagdeviren, Hulya & Elangovan, Arthanari & Parimalavelli, Ramanathan, 2023. "Land tenure and food security in South India," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    5. Goldstein, Markus & Houngbedji, Kenneth & Kondylis, Florence & O'Sullivan, Michael & Selod, Harris, 2018. "Formalization without certification? Experimental evidence on property rights and investment," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 57-74.
    6. Gelas Rubakula & Zhanqi Wang & Chao Wei, 2019. "Land Conflict Management through the Implementation of the National Land Policy in Tanzania: Evidence from Kigoma Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-12, November.
    7. Gwendoline Promsopha, 2018. "Risk†Coping, Land Tenure And Land Markets: An Overview Of The Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 176-193, February.

  8. Daniel Ayalew Ali & Matthew Collin & Klaus Deininger & Stefan Dercon & Justin Sandefur & Andrew Zeitlin, 2014. "The Price of Empowerment: Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania," CSAE Working Paper Series 2014-23, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

    Cited by:

    1. Edward L. Glaeser & Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto & Andrei Shleifer, 2016. "Securing Property Rights," Working Paper 463441, Harvard University OpenScholar.
    2. Panman, Alexandra & Lozano Gracia, Nancy, 2022. "Titling and beyond: Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Aguilar Esteva,Arturo Alberto & Carranza,Eliana & Goldstein,Markus P. & Kilic,Talip & Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni & Aguilar Esteva,Arturo Alberto & Carranza,Eliana & Goldstein,Markus P. & Kilic,Talip & Siw, 2014. "Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6764, The World Bank.
    4. Dagdeviren, Hulya & Elangovan, Arthanari & Parimalavelli, Ramanathan, 2023. "Land tenure and food security in South India," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    5. Goldstein, Markus & Houngbedji, Kenneth & Kondylis, Florence & O'Sullivan, Michael & Selod, Harris, 2018. "Formalization without certification? Experimental evidence on property rights and investment," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 57-74.
    6. Gelas Rubakula & Zhanqi Wang & Chao Wei, 2019. "Land Conflict Management through the Implementation of the National Land Policy in Tanzania: Evidence from Kigoma Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-12, November.
    7. Ghebru, Hosaena & Khan, Huma & Lambrecht, Isabel, 2016. "Perceived land tenure security and rural transformation: Empirical evidence from Ghana:," IFPRI discussion papers 1545, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    8. Catherine Boone, 2017. "Legal empowerment of the poor through property rights reform: Tensions and trade-offs of land registration and titling in sub-Saharan Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-37, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    9. Gwendoline Promsopha, 2018. "Risk†Coping, Land Tenure And Land Markets: An Overview Of The Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 176-193, February.

Articles

  1. Matthew Collin & David N. Weil, 2020. "The Effect of Increasing Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth and Poverty: A Simulation Exercise," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(1), pages 43-83.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Matthew Collin, 2020. "Illicit Financial Flows: Concepts, Measurement, and Evidence," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 35(1), pages 44-86.

    Cited by:

    1. Kasper Brandt, 2020. "Illicit financial flows and the Global South: A review of methods and evidence," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-169, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Mehrotra, Rahul & Carbonnier, Gilles, 2021. "Abnormal pricing in international commodity trade: Empirical evidence from Switzerland," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Rogelio Madrueño & Magdalene Silberberger, 2022. "Dimensions and Cartography of Dirty Money in Developing Countries: Tripping Up on the Global Hydra," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 10(2), pages 25-39.
    4. Kern, Andreas & Nosrati, Elias & Reinsberg, Bernhard & Sevinc, Dilek, 2023. "Crash for cash: Offshore financial destinations and IMF programs," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).

  3. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Collin, Matthew & Deininger, Klaus & Dercon, Stefan & Sandefur, Justin & Zeitlin, Andrew, 2016. "Small price incentives increase women's access to land titles in Tanzania," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 107-122.

    Cited by:

    1. Henderson, J. Vernon & Liu, Vivian, 2023. "Urban land markets and city development: Sub-Saharan Africa," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119388, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Michaels, Guy & Nigmatulina, Dzhamilya & Rauch, Ferdinand & Regan, Tanner & Baruah, Neeraj & Dahlstrand-Rudin, Amanda, 2017. "Planning ahead for better neighborhoods: long run evidence from Tanzania," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 86570, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Anukriti, S & Herrera-Almanza, Catalina & Karra, Mahesh, 2022. "Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women's Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India," IZA Discussion Papers 15381, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Garance Genicot & Maria Hernandez de Benito, 2021. "Women's Land Rights and Village Institutions in Tanzania," Working Papers gueconwpa~21-21-21, Georgetown University, Department of Economics.
    5. Burrone, Sara & Giannelli, Gianna Claudia, 2023. "Do Households Where Women Own Land Fare Better for Food Security? Evidence for Tanzania," IZA Discussion Papers 16382, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Lecoutere, Els & Spielman, David J. & Van Campenhout, Bjorn, 2023. "Empowering women through targeting information or role models: Evidence from an experiment in agricultural extension in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    7. Deininger, Klaus & Savastano, Sara & Xia, Fang, 2017. "Smallholders’ land access in Sub-Saharan Africa: A new landscape?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 78-92.
    8. Deininger, Klaus & Xia, Fang, 2018. "Assessing the long-term performance of large-scale land transfers: Challenges and opportunities in Malawi’s estate sector," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 281-296.
    9. Kacana Sipangule, 2017. "Agribusinesses, smallholder tenure security, and plot-level investments: Evidence from rural Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-106, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Manara, Martina & Regan, Tanner, 2020. "Eliciting demand for title deeds: lab-in-the-field evidence from urban Tanzania," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 107538, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Deininger, Klaus & Mahofa, Godfrey & Nyakulama, Rhona, 2021. "Sustaining land registration benefits by addressing the challenges of reversion to informality in Rwanda," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    12. Selejio, Onesmo & Norman, Fatma, 2022. "Does Land Ownership Security Matter in Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from Panel Data in Tanzania," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 10(4), September.

More information

Research fields, statistics, top rankings, if available.

Statistics

Access and download statistics for all items

Co-authorship network on CollEc

NEP Fields

NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 10 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
  1. NEP-AFR: Africa (5) 2013-10-25 2014-06-14 2014-07-05 2014-07-05 2015-04-11. Author is listed
  2. NEP-DEV: Development (5) 2013-10-25 2014-06-14 2014-07-05 2015-04-11 2017-07-16. Author is listed
  3. NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics (4) 2013-10-25 2014-06-14 2014-07-05 2015-04-11
  4. NEP-IUE: Informal and Underground Economics (3) 2015-04-11 2022-10-31 2023-10-16
  5. NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics (2) 2014-06-14 2014-07-05
  6. NEP-GRO: Economic Growth (2) 2014-07-05 2020-02-17
  7. NEP-PBE: Public Economics (2) 2022-10-31 2023-10-16
  8. NEP-URE: Urban and Real Estate Economics (2) 2013-10-25 2015-04-11
  9. NEP-BAN: Banking (1) 2017-01-08
  10. NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics (1) 2017-07-16
  11. NEP-GER: German Papers (1) 2023-10-16
  12. NEP-LAW: Law and Economics (1) 2017-07-16
  13. NEP-NUD: Nudge and Boosting (1) 2023-10-16
  14. NEP-PAY: Payment Systems and Financial Technology (1) 2017-01-08
  15. NEP-PUB: Public Finance (1) 2022-10-31

Corrections

All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. For general information on how to correct material on RePEc, see these instructions.

To update listings or check citations waiting for approval, Matthew Edward Collin should log into the RePEc Author Service.

To make corrections to the bibliographic information of a particular item, find the technical contact on the abstract page of that item. There, details are also given on how to add or correct references and citations.

To link different versions of the same work, where versions have a different title, use this form. Note that if the versions have a very similar title and are in the author's profile, the links will usually be created automatically.

Please note that most corrections can take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.