Impacts of transport infrastructure on agricultural total factor productivity in Asian countries

Efficient and accessible transportation infrastructure is essential for agricultural growth, especially in areas where food security and rural livelihoods rely significantly on effective supply chain operations. This study investigates the relationship between transport infrastructure and agricultural factor productivity, focusing on how infrastructure quality and accessibility influence agricultural efficiency. Using a comprehensive dataset of 44 Asian economies from 1990 to 2022, we analyze the impact of investments in rural roads, highways, and railways on agricultural productivity. The findings suggest that transport infrastructure improves agricultural efficiency by reducing logistics costs, enhancing market access, and minimizing post-harvest losses. Furthermore, results show that intellectual capital facilitates the effectiveness of infrastructure investments and enhances labor and capital efficiency. The outcomes show that developed economies invest more in transport infrastructure, while developing economies are still progressing, highlighting the need for targeted investments in underserved rural areas to reduce regional disparities and improve supply chain efficiency. The study concludes by identifying limitations and suggesting avenues for future research, including integrating emerging technologies such as digital logistics platforms and smart infrastructure in agricultural systems.