IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v15y2025i17p1874-d1740894.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: The Case of Farms in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Ewa Szafraniec-Siluta

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics, Koszalin University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 6e, 75-343 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Strzelecka

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics, Koszalin University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 6e, 75-343 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Danuta Zawadzka

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics, Koszalin University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 6e, 75-343 Koszalin, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the factors determining the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of improving the productivity of agricultural inputs—land, labor, and capital—and increasing farm income, using logistic regression. The analysis is based on primary data collected in 2023 during a pilot survey of 150 farms in the Central Pomerania region of Poland, conducted using the CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview) technique and a standardized questionnaire. The study examined factors related to farm income growth and to the productivity of land, labor, and capital. Logistic regression was applied to test 28 independent variables grouped into four categories: farm characteristics, production-related characteristics, farm asset-related characteristics, and household characteristics. Income growth was found to be associated with production-related and household characteristics. Land productivity showed associations with variables from all four categories, reflecting the complexity of this outcome. In the case of labor productivity, only household characteristics were significant, underscoring the strong connections between agricultural holdings and farming households. Capital productivity was associated with household characteristics, production-related characteristics, and farm asset-related characteristics. These findings highlight the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the sustainable development of agricultural holdings, integrating economic, production, and social dimensions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Szafraniec-Siluta & Agnieszka Strzelecka & Danuta Zawadzka, 2025. "Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: The Case of Farms in Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-26, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:17:p:1874-:d:1740894
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/17/1874/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/17/1874/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gheorghe Hurduzeu & Radu Lucian Pânzaru & Dragoș Mihai Medelete & Andi Ciobanu & Constanța Enea, 2022. "The Development of Sustainable Agriculture in EU Countries and the Potential Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals Specific Targets (SDG 2)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Stephen L. Haley, 1991. "Capital accumulation and the growth of aggregate agricultural production," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 6(2), pages 129-157, December.
    3. Carls, Emily & Ibendahl, Gregg & Griffin, Terry & Yeager, Elizabeth, 2019. "Factors Affecting Net Farm Income for Row Crop Production in Kansas," Journal of the ASFMRA, American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers, vol. 2019.
    4. Lingui Qin & Yan Zhang & Yige Wang & Xinning Pan & Zhe Xu, 2024. "Research on the Impact of Digital Green Finance on Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, July.
    5. Siegel, Karen M. & Bastos Lima, Mairon G., 2020. "When international sustainability frameworks encounter domestic politics: The sustainable development goals and agri-food governance in South America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Yang, Dan & Liu, Zimin, 2012. "Does farmer economic organization and agricultural specialization improve rural income? Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 990-993.
    7. Ahmad Bathaei & Dalia Štreimikienė, 2023. "A Systematic Review of Agricultural Sustainability Indicators," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, January.
    8. Beata Kalinowska & Piotr Bórawski & Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska & Bogdan Klepacki & Aleksandra Perkowska & Tomasz Rokicki, 2022. "Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Member States of the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    9. Abbas Khan, Muhammad & Ni, Guohua & Man, Teng & Saud, Shah, 2025. "Impacts of transport infrastructure on agricultural total factor productivity in Asian countries," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 18-27.
    10. Qixuan Zhang & Yuxin Yang & Xue Li & Pingping Wang, 2024. "Digitalization and Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, October.
    11. Jagoda Zmyślona & Arkadiusz Sadowski & Krzysztof Piotr Pawłowski, 2024. "How Can Overinvestment in Farms Affect Their Technical Efficiency? A Case Study from Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Javad M. Sadeghi & M. Toodehroosta & A. Amini, 2001. "Determinants of Poverty in Rural Areas: Case of Savejbolagh Farmers in Iran," Working Papers 0112, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2001.
    13. Danuta Zawadzka & Agnieszka Strzelecka & Ewa Szafraniec-Siluta, 2021. "Debt as a Source of Financial Energy of the Farm—What Causes the Use of External Capital in Financing Agricultural Activity? A Model Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    14. Kuhn, Max, 2008. "Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 28(i05).
    15. Haley, Stephen L., 1991. "Capital accumulation and the growth of aggregate agricultural production," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 6(2), pages 129-157, December.
    16. Lindikaya W. Myeki & Nicolette Matthews & Yonas T. Bahta, 2023. "Decomposition of Green Agriculture Productivity for Policy in Africa: An Application of Global Malmquist–Luenberger Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    17. Chiarella, Cristina & Meyfroidt, Patrick & Abeygunawardane, Dilini & Conforti, Piero, 2023. "Balancing the trade-offs between land productivity, labor productivity and labor intensity," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 52(10), pages 1618-1634.
    18. Looga, J. & Jürgenson, E. & Sikk, K. & Matveev, E. & Maasikamäe, S., 2018. "Land fragmentation and other determinants of agricultural farm productivity: The case of Estonia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 285-292.
    19. Ewa Szafraniec-Siluta & Agnieszka Strzelecka & Roman Ardan & Danuta Zawadzka, 2025. "Financial Energy as a Determinant of Financial Security: The Case of European Union Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-20, April.
    20. Yi Cheng & Haimeng Liu & Shaobin Wang & Xuegang Cui & Qirui Li, 2021. "Global Action on SDGs: Policy Review and Outlook in a Post-Pandemic Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anna Nowak & Monika Różańska‐Boczula, 2024. "A comparative view of the level of agricultural sustainability – The case of European Union member states," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 2638-2652, June.
    2. Emilia Herman, 2025. "Changes and Challenges in EU Agricultural Holdings and Their Impact on Rural Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-37, May.
    3. Yuxuan Wang & Ze Tian & Xiaodong Jing & Mengyao Li, 2025. "Development Dynamics and Influencing Factors of China’s Agricultural Green Ecological Efficiency Based on an Evaluation Model Incorporating Ecosystem Service Value and Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-31, September.
    4. Hui Yang & Jingye Li & Stefan Sieber & Kaisheng Long, 2025. "Does Digital Village Construction Affect the Sustainable Intensification of Cultivated Land Use? Evidence from Rural China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-24, April.
    5. George Frisvold & Kevin Ingram, 1995. "Sources of agricultural productivity growth and stagnation in sub‐Saharan Africa," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 13(1), pages 51-61, October.
    6. Aleksander Grzelak, 2022. "The income-assets relationship for farms operating under selected models in Poland," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 68(2), pages 59-67.
    7. Baoling Zou & Zanjie Ren & Ashok K. Mishra & Stefan Hirsch, 2022. "The role of agricultural insurance in boosting agricultural output: An aggregate analysis from Chinese provinces," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(4), pages 923-945, October.
    8. Hui Qi & Yue Liu & Hanzi Chen & Pierre Failler, 2025. "The Impact of Enterprise Digitalization on Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Provinces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-23, April.
    9. Agnieszka Strzelecka & Danuta Zawadzka, 2023. "Savings as a Source of Financial Energy on the Farm—What Determines the Accumulation of Savings by Agricultural Households? Model Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Ioan Prigoreanu & Gabriela Radu & Andreea Grigore-Sava & Carmen Luiza Costuleanu & George Ungureanu & Gabriela Ignat, 2025. "Assessing the Economic Sustainability of the EU and Romanian Farming Sectors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-33, May.
    11. Sabrine Dhahri & Anis Omri, 2020. "Does foreign capital really matter for the host country agricultural production? Evidence from developing countries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 156(1), pages 153-181, February.
    12. Jin, Wanfu & Zhou, Chunshan & Zhang, Guojun, 2020. "Characteristics of state-owned construction land supply in Chinese cities by development stage and industry," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    13. Nicolae Bobitan & Diana Dumitrescu & Valentin Burca, 2023. "Agriculture’s Efficiency in the Context of Sustainable Agriculture—A Benchmarking Analysis of Financial Performance with Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-27, August.
    14. Gokhan Akay, 2009. "Trade, wages, and the specific factors model: empirical evidence from manufacturing industries in Ghana," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 31(1), pages 47-55, February.
    15. Le, Kien, 2020. "Land use restrictions, misallocation in agriculture, and aggregate productivity in Vietnam," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    16. Danuta Zawadzka & Agnieszka Strzelecka & Ewa Szafraniec-Siluta, 2021. "Debt as a Source of Financial Energy of the Farm—What Causes the Use of External Capital in Financing Agricultural Activity? A Model Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    17. Hongming Zhang & Haihua Zhu, 2025. "The Impact of Agricultural Digitization on Land Productivity: An Empirical Test Based on Micro Panel Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, January.
    18. Xu, Ru-Yu & Wang, Ke-Liang & Miao, Zhuang, 2024. "The impact of digital technology innovation on green total-factor energy efficiency in China: Does economic development matter?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    19. Chaoran Chen, 2017. "Untitled Land, Occupational Choice, and Agricultural Productivity," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 91-121, October.
    20. Prabal Das & D. A. Sachindra & Kironmala Chanda, 2022. "Machine Learning-Based Rainfall Forecasting with Multiple Non-Linear Feature Selection Algorithms," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(15), pages 6043-6071, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:17:p:1874-:d:1740894. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.