IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/glofin/v63y2024ics104402832400125x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Stock, foreign exchange and commodity markets linkages: Implications for risk diversification and portfolio management

Author

Listed:
  • Muñoz Mendoza, Jorge A.
  • Veloso Ramos, Carmen L.
  • Delgado Fuentealba, Carlos L.
  • Cornejo Saavedra, Edinson E.
  • Sepúlveda Yelpo, Sandra M.

Abstract

We analyze connectedness for a system composed of 111 financial markets from January 3, 2011, to December 29, 2023. Stock, foreign exchange, and commodity markets are included in the sample. Using a two-stage approach based on Principal Component Analysis to remove common global factors affecting financial market returns, we employ a LASSO-VAR model to estimate the global network of financial markets. Our results reveal that financial markets are closely linked. Common global factors intensify spillovers between financial markets. After being removed, financial markets transmit significant idiosyncratic shocks that are not explained by systemic variations. Our results also allow us to accurately identify the markets that are idiosyncratically less vulnerable to liquidity shocks, and those that are most relevant transmitting this kind of disturbances. These findings are relevant for investment decisions, risk management, and financial regulators.

Suggested Citation

  • Muñoz Mendoza, Jorge A. & Veloso Ramos, Carmen L. & Delgado Fuentealba, Carlos L. & Cornejo Saavedra, Edinson E. & Sepúlveda Yelpo, Sandra M., 2024. "Stock, foreign exchange and commodity markets linkages: Implications for risk diversification and portfolio management," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:63:y:2024:i:c:s104402832400125x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101053
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104402832400125X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101053?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmed, Abdullahi D. & Huo, Rui, 2021. "Volatility transmissions across international oil market, commodity futures and stock markets: Empirical evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Billio, Monica & Caporin, Massimiliano & Panzica, Roberto & Pelizzon, Loriana, 2023. "The impact of network connectivity on factor exposures, asset pricing, and portfolio diversification," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 196-223.
    3. Jianqing Fan & Yuan Liao & Martina Mincheva, 2013. "Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 603-680, September.
    4. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    5. Mert Demirer & Francis X. Diebold & Laura Liu & Kamil Yilmaz, 2018. "Estimating global bank network connectedness," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. repec:dau:papers:123456789/14980 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Mensi, Walid & Beljid, Makram & Boubaker, Adel & Managi, Shunsuke, 2013. "Correlations and volatility spillovers across commodity and stock markets: Linking energies, food, and gold," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 15-22.
    8. Raza, Naveed & Jawad Hussain Shahzad, Syed & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2016. "Asymmetric impact of gold, oil prices and their volatilities on stock prices of emerging markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 290-301.
    9. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis H., 2018. "Extreme dependence and risk spillovers between oil and Islamic stock markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 42-63.
    10. Lundgren, Amanda Ivarsson & Milicevic, Adriana & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2018. "Connectedness network and dependence structure mechanism in green investments," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 145-153.
    11. David J. Ramberg and John E. Parsons, 2012. "The Weak Tie Between Natural Gas and Oil Prices," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    12. Singh, Vipul Kumar & Kumar, Pawan & Nishant, Shreyank, 2019. "Global connectedness of MSCI energy equity indices: A system-wide network approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    13. Matteo Barigozzi & Christian Brownlees, 2019. "NETS: Network estimation for time series," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 347-364, April.
    14. Greenwood-Nimmo, Matthew & Nguyen, Viet Hoang & Rafferty, Barry, 2016. "Risk and return spillovers among the G10 currencies," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 43-62.
    15. Creti, Anna & Joëts, Marc & Mignon, Valérie, 2013. "On the links between stock and commodity markets' volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 16-28.
    16. Bouri, Elie & Lei, Xiaojie & Xu, Yahua & Zhang, Hongwei, 2023. "Connectedness in implied higher-order moments of precious metals and energy markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    17. Mensi, Walid & Shafiullah, Muhammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Volatility spillovers between strategic commodity futures and stock markets and portfolio implications: Evidence from developed and emerging economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    18. McIver, Ron P. & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2020. "Financial crises and the dynamics of the spillovers between the U.S. and BRICS stock markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    19. Francis X. Diebold & Laura Liu & Kamil Yilmaz, 2018. "Commodity Connectedness," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Enrique G. Mendoza & Ernesto Pastén & Diego Saravia (ed.),Monetary Policy and Global Spillovers: Mechanisms, Effects and Policy Measures, edition 1, volume 25, chapter 4, pages 097-136, Central Bank of Chile.
    20. Raddant, Matthias & Kenett, Dror Y., 2021. "Interconnectedness in the global financial market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    21. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    22. Kim, Bong-Han & Kim, Hyeongwoo & Lee, Bong-Soo, 2015. "Spillover effects of the U.S. financial crisis on financial markets in emerging Asian countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 192-210.
    23. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2009. "Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(534), pages 158-171, January.
    24. Mensi, Walid & Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea, 2021. "Price-switching spillovers between gold, oil, and stock markets: Evidence from the USA and China during the COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    25. Sarwar, Suleman & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Tingqiu, Cao, 2020. "Analyzing volatility spillovers between oil market and Asian stock markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    26. David J. Ramberg & John E. Parsons, 2012. "The Weak Tie Between Natural Gas and Oil Prices," The Energy Journal, , vol. 33(2), pages 13-36, April.
    27. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 2015. "A five-factor asset pricing model," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(1), pages 1-22.
    28. Muñoz Mendoza, Jorge A. & Veloso Ramos, Carmen L. & Delgado Fuentealba, Carlos L. & Araya Gómez, Iván E. & Sepúlveda Yelpo, Sandra M. & Cornejo Saavedra, Edinson E., 2024. "Connectedness in the global banking market network: Implications for risk management and financial policy," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    29. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    30. Grobys, Klaus, 2015. "Are volatility spillovers between currency and equity market driven by economic states? Evidence from the US economy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 72-75.
    31. Jorge Andrés Muñoz Mendoza & Carmen Lissette Veloso Ramos & Sandra María Sepúlveda Yelpo & Carlos Leandro Delgado Fuentealba & Edinson Edgardo Cornejo Saavedra, 2022. "Exchange Markets and Stock Markets Integration in Latin-America," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 17(3), pages 1-24, Julio - S.
    32. Gülin Vardar & Yener Coşkun & Tezer Yelkenci, 2018. "Shock transmission and volatility spillover in stock and commodity markets: evidence from advanced and emerging markets," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 8(2), pages 231-288, August.
    33. Do, Hung Xuan & Brooks, Robert & Treepongkaruna, Sirimon, 2015. "Realized spill-over effects between stock and foreign exchange market: Evidence from regional analysis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 24-37.
    34. Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2015. "Precious metals, cereal, oil and stock market linkages and portfolio risk management: Evidence from Saudi Arabia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 340-358.
    35. Chuliá, Helena & Muñoz-Mendoza, Jorge A. & Uribe, Jorge M., 2023. "Energy firms in emerging markets: Systemic risk and diversification opportunities," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    36. Cochrane, John H., 2005. "Financial Markets and the Real Economy," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(1), pages 1-101, July.
    37. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Haoyang, 2022. "Time-varying spillover effects and investment strategies between WTI crude oil, natural gas and Chinese stock markets related to belt and road initiative," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    38. Khalfaoui, R. & Boutahar, M. & Boubaker, H., 2015. "Analyzing volatility spillovers and hedging between oil and stock markets: Evidence from wavelet analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 540-549.
    39. Meegan, Andrew & Corbet, Shaen & Larkin, Charles, 2018. "Financial market spillovers during the quantitative easing programmes of the global financial crisis (2007–2009) and the European debt crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 128-148.
    40. Fernanda Fuentes & Rodrigo Herrera, 2020. "Dynamics of Connectedness in Clean Energy Stocks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    41. Geng, Jiang-Bo & Xu, Xiao-Yue & Ji, Qiang, 2020. "The time-frequency impacts of natural gas prices on US economic activity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    42. Gao, Yang & Li, Yangyang & Wang, Yaojun, 2021. "Risk spillover and network connectedness analysis of China’s green bond and financial markets: Evidence from financial events of 2015–2020," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    43. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2016. "Trans-Atlantic Equity Volatility Connectedness: U.S. and European Financial Institutions, 2004–2014," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 81-127.
    44. Acaravci, Ali & Ozturk, Ilhan & Kandir, Serkan Yilmaz, 2012. "Natural gas prices and stock prices: Evidence from EU-15 countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 1646-1654.
    45. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Kizys, Renatas, 2015. "Dynamic spillovers between commodity and currency markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 303-319.
    46. Robert F. Engle & Giampiero M. Gallo & Margherita Velucchi, 2012. "Volatility Spillovers in East Asian Financial Markets: A Mem-Based Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 94(1), pages 222-223, February.
    47. Yoon, Seong-Min & Al Mamun, Md & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "Network connectedness and net spillover between financial and commodity markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 801-818.
    48. Uddin, Gazi Salah & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2020. "Characteristics of spillovers between the US stock market and precious metals and oil," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    49. Ashfaq, Saleha & Tang, Yong & Maqbool, Rashid, 2020. "Dynamics of spillover network among oil and leading Asian oil trading countries’ stock markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    50. Khalifa, Ahmed A.A. & Otranto, Edoardo & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Ramchander, Sanjay, 2016. "Volatility transmission across currencies and commodities with US uncertainty measures," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 63-83.
    51. Geng, Jiang-Bo & Chen, Fu-Rui & Ji, Qiang & Liu, Bing-Yue, 2021. "Network connectedness between natural gas markets, uncertainty and stock markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    52. Mensi, Walid & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Dynamic and frequency spillovers between green bonds, oil and G7 stock markets: Implications for risk management," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 331-344.
    53. Matteo Foglia & Eliana Angelini, 2020. "Volatility Connectedness between Clean Energy Firms and Crude Oil in the COVID-19 Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-22, November.
    54. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1993. "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 3-56, February.
    55. Rabeh Khalfaoui & M. Boutahar & H. Boubaker, 2015. "Analyzing volatility spillovers and hedging between oil and stock markets: Evidence from wavelet analysis," Post-Print hal-03797593, HAL.
    56. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Adewuyi, Adeolu O. & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2022. "Quantile risk spillovers between energy and agricultural commodity markets: Evidence from pre and during COVID-19 outbreak," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    57. repec:iae:iaewps:wp2016n4 is not listed on IDEAS
    58. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Balli, Faruk & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & de Bruin, Anne, 2020. "Energy commodity uncertainties and the systematic risk of US industries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    59. repec:bla:etrans:v:9:y:2001:i:1:p:53-86 is not listed on IDEAS
    60. Zhang, Dayong, 2017. "Oil shocks and stock markets revisited: Measuring connectedness from a global perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 323-333.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chuliá, Helena & Muñoz-Mendoza, Jorge A. & Uribe, Jorge M., 2023. "Energy firms in emerging markets: Systemic risk and diversification opportunities," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    2. Muñoz Mendoza, Jorge A. & Veloso Ramos, Carmen L. & Delgado Fuentealba, Carlos L. & Araya Gómez, Iván E. & Sepúlveda Yelpo, Sandra M. & Cornejo Saavedra, Edinson E., 2024. "Connectedness in the global banking market network: Implications for risk management and financial policy," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    3. Mensi, Walid & Al Rababa'a, Abdel Razzaq & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Asymmetric spillover and network connectedness between crude oil, gold, and Chinese sector stock markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    4. Ghaemi Asl, Mahdi & Adekoya, Oluwasegun Babatunde & Rashidi, Muhammad Mahdi & Ghasemi Doudkanlou, Mohammad & Dolatabadi, Ali, 2022. "Forecast of Bayesian-based dynamic connectedness between oil market and Islamic stock indices of Islamic oil-exporting countries: Application of the cascade-forward backpropagation network," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    5. Mensi, Walid & Al Rababa'a, Abdel Razzaq & Alomari, Mohammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Dynamic frequency volatility spillovers and connectedness between strategic commodity and stock markets: US-based sectoral analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    6. Evrim Mandacı, Pınar & Cagli, Efe Çaglar & Taşkın, Dilvin, 2020. "Dynamic connectedness and portfolio strategies: Energy and metal markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    7. Coskun, Merve & Taspinar, Nigar, 2022. "Volatility spillovers between Turkish energy stocks and fossil fuel energy commodities based on time and frequency domain approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    9. Muhammad Abubakr Naeem & Fiza Qureshi & Saqib Farid & Aviral Kumar Tiwari & Mohamed Elheddad, 2024. "Time-frequency information transmission among financial markets: evidence from implied volatility," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 334(1), pages 701-729, March.
    10. Billah, Mabruk & Karim, Sitara & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Vigne, Samuel A., 2022. "Return and volatility spillovers between energy and BRIC markets: Evidence from quantile connectedness," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    11. Ki-Hong Choi & Ron P. McIver & Salvatore Ferraro & Lei Xu & Sang Hoon Kang, 2021. "Dynamic volatility spillover and network connectedness across ASX sector markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 45(4), pages 677-691, October.
    12. Huifu Nong, 2024. "Connectedness and risk transmission of China’s stock and currency markets with global commodities," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 1-24, February.
    13. Wen, Tiange & Wang, Gang-Jin, 2020. "Volatility connectedness in global foreign exchange markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    14. Koulmas, Pavlos & Konstantakis, Konstantinos N. & Michaelides, Panayotis G. & Karadimitropoulou, Aikaterini & Karkalakos, Sotiris, 2024. "Energy firms in China towards resilience: A dynamic quantile connectedness approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    15. Mensi, Walid & Aslan, Aylin & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Time-frequency spillovers and connectedness between precious metals, oil futures and financial markets: Hedge and safe haven implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 219-232.
    16. Hu, Yang & Lang, Chunlin & Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2023. "Exploring the dynamic behaviour of commodity market tail risk connectedness during the negative WTI pricing event," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    17. Feng, Huiqun & Zhang, Jun & Guo, Na, 2023. "Time-varying linkages between energy and stock markets: Dynamic spillovers and driving factors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    18. Reboredo, Juan Carlos & Ugolini, Andrea & Hernandez, Jose Arreola, 2021. "Dynamic spillovers and network structure among commodity, currency, and stock markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    19. Xie He & Tetsuya Takiguchi & Tadahiro Nakajima & Shigeyuki Hamori, 2020. "Spillover effects between energies, gold, and stock: the United States versus China," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(8), pages 1416-1447, December.
    20. Silva, Thiago Christiano & Braz, Tercio & Tabak, Benjamin Miranda, 2024. "Mapping the landscape of energy markets research: A bibliometric analysis and predictive assessment using machine learning," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commodities; Financial markets; Spillovers; Risk; Network;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:63:y:2024:i:c:s104402832400125x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620162 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.