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Home Sweet Home: the Effect of Sugar Protectionism on Emigration in Italy, 1876‐1913

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  • Carlo Ciccarelli
  • Alberto Dalmazzo
  • Daniela Vuri

Abstract

Protectionist policies have often relevant effects at the regional level. This paper analyzes the impact of sugar import duties on emigration in nineteenth century Italy. Both for climatic reasons and the nature of the soil, the cultivation and processing of sugar beets was geographically concentrated. Our theoretical model illustrates how a tariff that favours local producers may affect residents' incentives to migrate abroad. Using a new set historical data, the predictions of the model are tested through quasi‐experimental methods which use the exogenous variation in sugar cultivation across areas to estimate the effect of interest. Results show that protectionism reduced the relative incentive to migrate away from sugar‐producing areas. Las políticas nacionales tienen a menudo efectos relevantes a nivel regional. Este artículo analiza el impacto de los derechos fiscales sobre la importación de azúcar en la emigración en la Italia del siglo XIX. Tanto por razones climáticas como por la naturaleza del suelo, el cultivo y la transformación de la remolacha azucarera estaban concentrados geográficamente. El modelo teórico de este estudio ilustra cómo un arancel que favorece a los productores locales puede afectar a los incentivos de los residentes para emigrar al extranjero. Se utilizó un conjunto nuevo de datos históricos para las predicciones del modelo, que se pusieron a prueba mediante métodos cuasi‐experimentales que utilizan la variación exógena del cultivo de azúcar entre zonas para estimar el efecto de interés. Los resultados muestran que el proteccionismo redujo el incentivo relativo para emigrar fuera de las zonas productoras de azúcar. 保護主義的な政策は、地域レベルで大きな効果がみられることが多い。本稿では、19世紀のイタリアにおける砂糖の輸入に対する課税が、国外への移住に及ぼす影響を分析した。テンサイの栽培と加工は、気候的な理由と土壌の性質の両方から、地理的に集中していた。筆者らの理論モデルから、現地の生産者に有利な関税が、海外移住に対する住民のインセンティブにどのように影響するかが示された。新たに設定された過去のデータを用いて、モデルの予測を準実験的方法で検証する。この方法では、地域全体の砂糖栽培の外因的な変動を利用して、関心の影響を推定する。その結果、保護主義が砂糖の生産地域から移住する相対的なインセンティブを低下させたことが示された。

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  • Carlo Ciccarelli & Alberto Dalmazzo & Daniela Vuri, 2021. "Home Sweet Home: the Effect of Sugar Protectionism on Emigration in Italy, 1876‐1913," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(4), pages 925-957, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:100:y:2021:i:4:p:925-957
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12604
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    1. Carlo Ciccarelli & Alberto Dalmazzo & Daniela Vuri, 2021. "Home Sweet Home: the Effect of Sugar Protectionism on Emigration in Italy, 1876‐1913," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(4), pages 925-957, August.
    2. Gray, Rowena & Narciso, Gaia & Tortorici, Gaspare, 2019. "Globalization, agricultural markets and mass migration: Italy, 1881–1912," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • N93 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • J4 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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