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Measuring the shadow economy using company managers

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Cited by:

  1. Gavoille, Nicolas & Zasova, Anna, 2023. "What we pay in the shadows: Labor tax evasion, minimum wage hike and employment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  2. Pedroni, Florencia Verónica & Briozzo, Anahí & Pesce, Gabriela, 2022. "Firm-level determinants of business tax evasion in emerging economies: the case of Argentina [Determinantes microeconómicos de la evasión tributaria empresarial en economías emergentes: el caso de Argentina]," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 34(1), pages 83-117, December.
  3. Dagmara Nikulin & Ewa Lechman, 2021. "Shadow Economy in Poland: Results of the Survey," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Shadow Economy in Poland, chapter 0, pages 49-65, Springer.
  4. Feige, Edgar L., 2015. "Reflections on the meaning and measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the “Shadow Economy”?," MPRA Paper 68466, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  5. Colin C. Williams, 2014. "Confronting the Shadow Economy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 15370.
  6. Julita E. Wasilczuk & Katarzyna Stankiewicz, 2022. "It is not OK but it works – unproductive entrepreneurship, the case of Poland," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 2943-2959, December.
  7. Ceyhun Elgin & M. ayhan Köse & Franziska Ohnsorge & Shu Yu, 2021. "Understanding Informality Abstract:," Working Papers 2021/03, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
  8. Alisher Tolepbergen, 2021. "Minimum Wage Shocks in an Estimated DSGE Model with Underreporting," NAC Analytica Working Paper 20, NAC Analytica, Nazarbayev University, revised Dec 2021.
  9. Gavoille, Nicolas & Zasova, Anna, 2021. "Foreign ownership and labor tax evasion: Evidence from Latvia," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
  10. Kose, M. Ayhan & Elgin, Ceyhun & Ohnsorge, Franziska & Yu, Shu, 2021. "Understanding Informality," CEPR Discussion Papers 16497, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  11. Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic, 2015. "Explaining and tackling the shadow economy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a tax morale approach," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 15(2), pages 81-98.
  12. Liga Jankova & Tamara Grizane & Inguna Jurgelane-Kaldava, 2019. "Business Activity In Latvia," Economy & Business Journal, International Scientific Publications, Bulgaria, vol. 13(1), pages 184-195.
  13. Jakhongir Kakhkharov & Nicholas Rohde, 2023. "Remittance flows and informal economies in post‐Soviet transition countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(10), pages 3057-3080, October.
  14. Friedrich Schneider, 2023. "Do Different Estimation Methods Lead to Implausible Differences in the Size of Nonobserved or Shadow Economies? A Preliminary Answer," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 15(1), pages 257-277, October.
  15. Piotr Dybka & Bartosz Olesiński & Marek Rozkrut & Andrzej Torój, 2020. "Measuring the uncertainty of shadow economy estimates using Bayesian and frequentist model averaging," KAE Working Papers 2020-046, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
  16. Tomasz Mickiewicz & Anna Rebmann & Arnis Sauka, 2019. "To Pay or Not to Pay? Business Owners’ Tax Morale: Testing a Neo-Institutional Framework in a Transition Environment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 157(1), pages 75-93, June.
  17. Ligita Gasparėnienė & Rita Remeikienė & Colin C. Williams, 2022. "Unemployment and the Informal Economy," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, number 978-3-030-96687-4, January.
  18. Barry Reilly & Gorana Krstić, 2019. "Shadow Economy - Is an Enterprise Survey a Preferable Approach?," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 66(5), pages 589-610.
  19. Konstantins Benkovskis & Olegs Matvejevs, 2023. "The New Version of Latvian CGE Model," Working Papers 2023/02, Latvijas Banka.
  20. Ioana Alexandra HORODNIC & Colin C WILLIAMS & Rodica IANOLE-CÄ‚LIN, 2020. "Does higher cash-in-hand income motivate young people to engage in under-declared employment?," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 48-69, December.
  21. Abel Polese & Gian Marco Moisé & Olha Lysa & Tanel Kerikmäe & Arnis Sauka & Oleksandra Seliverstova, 2022. "Presenting the results of the shadow economy survey in Ukraine while reflecting on the future(s) of informality studies," Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 101-123, January.
  22. Andris Saulitis & Philipp Chapkovski, 2025. "Appealing, threatening or nudging? Assessing various communication strategies to promote tax compliance," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 203(1), pages 237-275, April.
  23. Sanvi Avouyi-Dovi & Lorraine Chouteau & Lucas Devigne & Emmanuelle Politronacci, 2023. "Shadow Economy in France: What Factors Matter?," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 133(3), pages 453-494.
  24. Brante Ināra & Lejniece Ilona, 2019. "Tax Liabilities of The Board Member in Latvia: Legal-Economic Aspects," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 16(2), pages 93-105, December.
  25. Colin C. Williams, 2023. "A Modern Guide to the Informal Economy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 18668.
  26. Konstantīns Beņkovskis & Ludmila Fadejeva, 2025. "Chasing the shadow: unreported wage payments and income inequality," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 23(4), pages 1089-1120, December.
  27. I. Sridhar & Sahil Singh Jasrotia, 2021. "Inclusive corporate governance for creating shared values: Indian experience," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 22(2), pages 272-286.
  28. Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic, 2017. "Evaluating the Illegal Employer Practice of Under-Reporting Employees’ Salaries," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 55(1), pages 83-111, March.
  29. Florencia Verónica Pedroni & Anahí Briozzo & Gabriela Pesce, 2019. "¿Por qué no declarar todo? Determinantes de la subfacturación empresarial en la Argentina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4186, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
  30. Anastasiya Luzgina, 2017. "Problems of corruption and tax evasion in construction sector in Belarus," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 5(2), pages 263-282, December.
  31. Williams Colin C. & Horodnic Ioana A., 2015. "Explaining The Prevalence Of The Informal Economy In The Baltics: An Institutional Asymmetry Perspective," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 22(2), pages 127-145, December.
  32. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams, 2016. "An evaluation of the shadow economy in Baltic states: a tax morale perspective," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 28(2/3), pages 339-358.
  33. Baah Aye Kusi, 2023. "Exploring the nonlinear effect of shadow economies on sustainable development in Africa: does the level of financial market development matter?," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(6), pages 551-572, October.
  34. Konstantins Benkovskis & Jaan Masso & Olegs Tkacevs & Priit Vahter & Naomitsu Yashiro, 2020. "Export and productivity in global value chains: comparative evidence from Latvia and Estonia," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 156(3), pages 557-577, August.
  35. Mangirdas Morkunas, 2022. "Measuring the Level of the Youth Informal Economy in Lithuania in 2004–2020," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-13, November.
  36. Barra, Cristian & Papaccio, Anna & Ruggiero, Nazzareno, 2024. "Are cooperative and commercial banks equally effective in reducing the shadow economy? International evidence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
  37. Konstantins Beņkovskis & Ludmila Fadejeva & Anna Pluta & Anna Zasova, 2024. "Keeping the Best of Two Worlds: Linking CGE and Microsimulation Models for Policy Analysis," International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 17(1), pages 122-144.
  38. Piotr Dybka & Bartosz Olesiński & Marek Rozkrut & Andrzej Torój, 2023. "Measuring the model uncertainty of shadow economy estimates," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 30(4), pages 1069-1106, August.
  39. Anastasiya Luzgina, 2017. "Problems of corruption and tax evasion in construction sector in Belarus," Post-Print hal-01705894, HAL.
  40. Nathapornpan Piyaareekul Uttama & Rapipong Promnart, 2022. "Shadow economy and the efficiency of FDI inflow: the case of ASEAN economies," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 23(2), pages 136-155.
  41. Fredström, Ashkan & Peltonen, Juhana & Wincent, Joakim, 2021. "A country-level institutional perspective on entrepreneurship productivity: The effects of informal economy and regulation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(5).
  42. Nedra Baklouti & Younes Boujelbene, 2020. "A simultaneous equation model of economic growth and shadow economy: Is there a difference between the developed and developing countries?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 151-170, February.
  43. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2020. "Internet and tax reform in developing countries," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  44. Hailin Chen & Friedrich Schneider & Qunli Sun, 2020. "Measuring the size of the shadow economy in 30 provinces of China over 1995–2016: The MIMIC approach," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 427-453, August.
  45. Dzemydaitė Giedrė & Savilionytė Ieva, 2017. "The Spread of the Shadow Economy as a Moral Dilemma?," Ekonomika (Economics), Sciendo, vol. 96(3), pages 44-55, January.
  46. Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero, 2020. "Taxation Income, Graft and Informal Sector Operations in Nigeria in Relation to Other African Countries," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 11(2), pages 163-172, April.
  47. Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero, 2019. "The Financial and Economic Implications of Underground Economy: The Nigerian Perspective," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 8, July.
  48. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Rodica Ianole-Cãlin & Adrian V. Horodnic, 2023. "Exploring the illegal practice of under-reporting wages in the construction industry: some lessons from Romania," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(26), pages 2978-2992, June.
  49. Oleh Tereshchenko & Nataliia Babiak, 2020. "Causality Of Risks, Cost Of Equity And Shading Of The Enterprise Income," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 6(2).
  50. Folorunsho Monsuru Ajide & James Temitope Dada & Johnson Kolawole Olowookere, 2022. "Shadow economy and foreign direct investment in Nigerian manufacturing industry," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 23(2), pages 156-180.
  51. Brante Inara & Lejniece Ilona & Lejnieks Helmuts, 2020. "Reliability and Reputation of the Board Member in Latvia," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 140-149, June.
  52. Ligita Gasparėnienė & Rita Remeikienė & Colin C. Williams, 2022. "Theorizing the Informal Economy," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Unemployment and the Informal Economy, chapter 0, pages 7-60, Springer.
  53. Emmanuel Umoru Haruna & Usman Alhassan, 2022. "Does digitalization limit the proliferation of the shadow economy in African countries? An in‐depth panel analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(S1), pages 34-62, July.
  54. Tetiana Kolomoiets & Nelli Tsybulnyk & Oleksandr Moroz & Vitaliy Prymachenko & Vadym Khashev, 2021. "Influence of shadow economy legalization on national security of Ukraine," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 8(3), pages 420-437, March.
  55. Heredia Pérez, Jorge A. & Kunc, Martin H. & Durst, Susanne & Flores, Alejandro & Geldes, Cristian, 2018. "Impact of competition from unregistered firms on R&D investment by industrial sectors in emerging economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 179-189.
  56. Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic, 2017. "Explaining participation in the undeclared economy in Central and Eastern Europe: a demand-side approach," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 297-312, July.
  57. Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi, 2019. "The Financial and Economic Implications of Underground Economy: The Nigerian Perspective," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sciendo, vol. 8(2), pages 155-167, July.
  58. Sahnoun, Marwa & Abdennadher, Chokri, 2019. "The nexus between unemployment rate and shadow economy: A comparative analysis of developed and developing countries using a simultaneous-equation model," Economics Discussion Papers 2019-30, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  59. Fernandes, Alexandra, 2025. "The non-observed economy in the national accounts: New evidence for EU and EFTA Member States," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 137-164.
  60. Gavoille, Nicolas & Zasova, Anna, 2023. "Minimum wage spike and income underreporting: A back-of-the-envelope-wage analysis," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 372-402.
  61. Lichard, Tomáš & Hanousek, Jan & Filer, Randall K., 2012. "Measuring the Shadow Economy: Endogenous Switching Regression with Unobserved Separation," IZA Discussion Papers 6901, IZA Network @ LISER.
  62. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Adriana Manolică & Cristina Teodora Roman & Gabriela Boldureanu, 2023. "Employer perspectives on undeclared work in the service sector: impacts and policy responses," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(5-6), pages 358-377, April.
  63. Colin C Williams & Ioana Alexandra Horodnic, 2016. "An institutional theory of the informal economy: some lessons from the United Kingdom," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 43(7), pages 722-738, July.
  64. Dat Van Luong & Tien Van Nguyen & Ha Nguyen Ngoc To, 2026. "The shadow economy in Vietnam: Estimates using the MIMIC approach," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(2), pages 313-336, June.
  65. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "Cross-Country Report on Minimum Wages: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/151, International Monetary Fund.
  66. Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi, 2019. "The Consequences of Shadow Economy and Corruption on Tax Revenue Performance in Nigeria," Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series, Sciendo, vol. 29(3), pages 64-79, September.
  67. Dagmara Nikulin & Ewa Lechman, 2021. "Shadow Economy in Poland," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, number 978-3-030-70524-4, January.
  68. Konstantins Benkovskis & Eduards Goluzins & Olegs Tkacevs, 2016. "CGE model with fiscal sector for Latvia," Working Papers 2016/01, Latvijas Banka.
  69. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Oana Țugulea & Iuliana Claudia Stoian Bobâlcă, 2022. "Exploring the Demand-Side of the Informal Economy during the COVID-19 Restrictions: Lessons from Iași, Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-16, June.
  70. Kamal Lahlou & Hicham Doghmi & Friedrich Schneider, 2020. "The Size and Development of the Shadow Economy in Morocco," Document de travail 2020-3, Bank Al-Maghrib, Département de la Recherche.
  71. Garcia-Louzao, Jose & Tarasonis, Linas, 2023. "Wage and Employment Impact of Minimum Wage: Evidence from Lithuania," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 592-609.
  72. Ishaku Rimamanung Nyiputen & Adeyemo Olulayo Elizabeth, 2025. "Illicit Trade of Natural Resources and Economic Growth in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(3s), pages 7884-7902, October.
  73. Dagmara Nikulin & Ewa Lechman, 2021. "Introductory Words," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Shadow Economy in Poland, chapter 0, pages 1-10, Springer.
  74. Arezzo, Maria Felice & Horodnic, Ioana A. & Williams, Colin C. & Guagnano, Giuseppina, 2024. "Measuring participation in undeclared work in Europe using survey data: A method for resolving social desirability bias," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  75. Grover,Arti Goswami & Pereira Lopez,Mariana De La Paz, 2023. "Do Shocks Perpetuate Disparities within and across Informal Firms ? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10579, The World Bank.
  76. Alise Mactama & Arnis Sauka, 2019. "Developing Local Entrepreneurship Ecosystems by Foreign Investment," Foresight and STI Governance, National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 13(4), pages 35-46.
  77. Jaanika Meriküll & Tairi Rõõm, 2020. "Stress Tests of the Household Sector Using Microdata from Survey and Administrative Sources," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(2), pages 203-248, March.
  78. Hazans, Mihails, 2019. "Mixed data methods of estimating undeclared earnings, with application to Latvia," MPRA Paper 118744, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  79. Florencia Verónica Pedroni & Anahí Briozzo & Gabriela Pesce, 2022. "Determinants of unreported income in Latin American companies: a business perspective," International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 16(1), pages 58-83.
  80. Angi Skhvediani & Anastasia Koklina & Tatiana Kudryavtseva & Diana Maksimenko, 2023. "The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Firm Performance of Russian Manufacturing Companies," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, April.
  81. Bíró, Anikó & Elek, Péter & Jascisens, Vitalijs & Prinz, Daniel & Sándor, László & Zasova, Anna, 2026. "Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link : The Case of Parental Benefits in Hungary and Latvia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11385, The World Bank.
  82. Schneider Friedrich & Buehn Andreas, 2017. "Shadow Economy: Estimation Methods, Problems, Results and Open questions," Open Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-29, March.
  83. Anatolijs Prohorovs & Julija Bistrova, 2022. "Labour Share Convergence in the European Union," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, August.
  84. Abel Polese & Gian Marco Moisé & Talshyn Tokyzhanova & Tommaso Aguzzi & Tanel Kerikmäe & Ainoura Sagynbaeva & Arnis Sauka & Oleksandra Seliverstova, 2023. "Informality versus shadow economy: reflecting on the first results of a manager’s survey in Kyrgyzstan," Central Asian Survey, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(1), pages 149-170, January.
  85. Korhan K. Gokmenoglu & Aysel Amir, 2023. "Investigating the Determinants of the Shadow Economy: The Baltic Region," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 61(2), pages 181-198, March.
  86. Sergey Arzhenovskiy, 2023. "Estimate of shadow economy dynamics in Russia and regions: The inflationary aspect," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 69, pages 121-140.
  87. Schneider, Friedrich, 2017. "Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?," International Cash Conference 2017 – War on Cash: Is there a Future for Cash? 162914, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  88. Nino Kokashvili & Irakli Barbakadze & Ketevani Kapanadze, 2017. "How Participating In The Shadow Economy Affects The Growth Of Latvian Firms," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 101, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
  89. Monica Violeta Achim & Sorin Nicolae Borlea & Lucian Vasile Găban & Alin Adrian Mihăilă, 2019. "The Shadow Economy and Culture: Evidence in European Countries," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(5), pages 352-374, September.
  90. Debasish Roy, 2019. "The hoax of demonetization in Indian economy: a mathematical analysis," Journal of Money Laundering Control, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 22(4), pages 678-693, October.
  91. Florencia Verónica Pedroni & Gabriela Pesce & Anah� Briozzo & Sandro Monsueto, 2020. "Subdeclaración de ventas en la Argentina: ¿qué tamano y determinantes tiene el fenómeno desde la percepción de los profesionales en ciencias económicas?," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 85(1).
  92. Giovanna Vallanti & Giuseppina Gianfreda, 2021. "Informality, regulation and productivity: do small firms escape EPL through shadow employment?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1383-1412, October.
  93. Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic, 2016. "Evaluating the multifarious motives for acquiring goods and services from the informal sector in Central and Eastern Europe," Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 321-338, September.
  94. Sacchi Agnese & Santolini Raffaella & Schneider Friedrich, 2022. "On the effects of e-participation on shadow economy: a worldwide empirical analysis," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 23(3), pages 463-491, August.
  95. Colin C. Williams & Besnik Krasniqi, 2018. "Explaining Informal Sector Entrepreneurship In Kosovo: An Institutionalist Perspective," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(02), pages 1-20, June.
  96. Andrzej Buszko, 2017. "The Level Of Shadow Economy In Warmińsko-Mazurski And Kujawsko-Pomorski Regions," Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, vol. 6(4), pages 9-21.
  97. Friedrich Schneider, 2017. "Implausible Large Differences in the Sizes of Underground Economies in Highly Developed European Countries? A Comparison of Different Estimation Methods," CESifo Working Paper Series 6522, CESifo.
  98. Colin C. Williams & Friedrich Schneider, 2016. "Measuring the Global Shadow Economy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 16551.
  99. Hongbi Choi & Chungshik Moon, 2024. "Staying in the shadow or not? Remittances and the Shadow Economy," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 105(3), pages 682-695, May.
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