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Trade policy uncertainty and innovation: Firm level evidence from China’s WTO accession

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  1. Yu, Zhen & Xiao, Yao & Li, Jinpo, 2021. "Firm-level perception of uncertainty and innovation activity: Textual evidence from China's A-share market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  2. Yuyang Zhao & Xinyu Dong, 2024. "Fiscal Policy Uncertainty and Firms’ Production Efficiency: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-24, December.
  3. Ren, Xiaohang & Li, Jingyao & Duan, Kun & Parhi, Mamata, 2025. "Cross-category spillovers of uncertainties in energy transition: Insights from a full-distributional framework," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  4. Ma, Zhendong & Wang, Di & Feng, Fan & Zhao, Tianhui, 2025. "Moving out of agriculture: How trade liberalization affects agricultural productivity in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  5. Xiaoping Chen & Xiaotao Zhao, 2021. "Export volatility with trade policy uncertainty: Evidence from China," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(12), pages 3534-3549, December.
  6. Chen, Zhiyuan & Wang, Zhihao & Zhu, Ting & Gu, Kejian & Tang, Ying, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty and market diversification by risk-averse firms," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  7. Yiping Sun & Chengjun Wu & Xiaoming Zhu & Pingguan Bian, 2022. "China’s Accession to the WTO as a Shock to Residents’ Health—A Difference-in-Difference Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-18, November.
  8. Fang, Chao & Wu, Peng & Yu, Xiaoyan & Zhang, Chao, 2025. "IT liberalization, trade expansion, and firm innovation: Evidence from China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 25-36.
  9. Feng, Ling & Pei, Tingting & Zhou, Zhiguang, 2024. "The impact of U.S. monetary policy on Chinese firms’ innovation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1097-1111.
  10. Xiaotao Zhao & Xiaoping Chen, 2022. "Inventory Management with Trade Policy Uncertainty," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 30(5), pages 128-153, September.
  11. Jiang, Xuemei & Zhang, Xinyang & Xia, Yan, 2023. "Peer effect on low-carbon practices of firms along the value chain: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
  12. Lingshan Chen & Yunong Li & Qian Xie & Mao Zhou, 2024. "Import Policy Uncertainty and Innovation," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 32(1), pages 197-230, January.
  13. Suwanprasert, Wisarut, 2022. "The international spillover effects of US trade policy uncertainty," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
  14. He, Ye & Li, Bingqian & Yu, Yunqiao & Zhang, Xiao, 2024. "The impact of trade policy uncertainty on short-term financing," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  15. Ning Meng & Yining Ni & Yeqing Ma, 2024. "The ripple effect: How trade policy shocks impact innovation of Chinese firms," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 1868-1900, September.
  16. Geng Huang & Xi Lin & Shuying Xu & Junyu Wang & Ling‐Yun He, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty, export destination, and firm's pollution emissions: Analysis from theoretical perspective," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(4), pages 2181-2189, June.
  17. Haram Lee, 2025. "Geopolitics and Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review of Firm Responses to the U.S.–China Trade War," Journal of Business and Strategic Management, CARI Journals Limited, vol. 10(14), pages 44-62.
  18. Coelli, Federica, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty and innovation: Evidence from China," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  19. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Duration of WTO Membership and Investment-Oriented Remittances Flows," EconStor Preprints 251274, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
  20. Shen, Binchao, 2025. "Intermediated trade and innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
  21. Yin, Doudou & Si, Deng-Kui & Wang, Yun, 2024. "How does corporate investment respond to trade policy uncertainty in China? The role of political connections," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 1429-1445.
  22. Fan, Haichao & Guo, Guangyuan & Liu, Yu & Wang, Huanhuan, 2025. "Trade uncertainty, emission cap and firm pollution," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
  23. Hu, Debao & Lu, Jingming & Zhao, Sibo, 2024. "Does trade policy uncertainty increase commercial banks’ risk-taking? Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 532-551.
  24. Selim Raihan & Mahtab Uddin & Farhan Khan, 2025. "What Drives Firms to Innovate? Empirical Evidence from Firm-Level Cross-Country Data," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 68(4), pages 1187-1208, December.
  25. Fan, Jianyong & Liu, Yu & Zhang, Qi & Zhao, Peng, 2022. "Does government debt impede firm innovation? Evidence from the rise of LGFVs in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
  26. Li, Shuaihang & Liu, Qing & Shao, Zhi, 2024. "Connect to green: High-speed rail network and firms’ environmental performance," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 297-313.
  27. Peter Eppinger & Hong Ma, 2023. "Optimal Ownership and Firm Performance: An Analysis of China’s FDI Liberalization," CESifo Working Paper Series 10551, CESifo.
  28. Bailey, Warren B. & Cao, Xiaping & Yang, Zhenyi & Zhou, Sili, 2024. "Who leads and who follows? The cross-border peer effect in investment by Chinese and US firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
  29. He, Chao & Li, Yanxi & Zhu, Jiawei, 2022. "The effect of firm-level perception of uncertainty on innovation: Evidence from China’s listed firms," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
  30. Yang, Baochen & Song, Xinyu, 2023. "Does oil price uncertainty matter in firm innovation? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  31. Hafiz Wasim Akram & Alam Ahmad & Leo-Paul Dana & Asif Khan & Samreen Akhtar, 2024. "Do Trade Agreements Enhance Bilateral Trade? Focus on India and Sri Lanka," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-30, January.
  32. Long, Xianling & Wang, Zhiqiang, 2025. "From heat to high-tech: How innovation responds to climate change," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
  33. Zhang, Jian & Wu, Wenruo & Yang, Jingyun & Xiao, Yi, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty and corporate innovation —Evidence from the US-China trade war," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  34. Gao, Yunshu & Yin, Sisi & Ferrett, Ben & Gao, Bo, 2024. "FDI deregulation and firm innovation: Evidence from firm patents," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  35. Yang, Zhihao & Hong, Junjie, 2021. "Trade policy uncertainty and energy intensity: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  36. Guan, Jialin & Xu, Huijuan & Huo, Da & Hua, Yechun & Wang, Yunfeng, 2021. "Economic policy uncertainty and corporate innovation: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  37. Pang, Xin & Wang, Kemin & Zhou, Lin, 2024. "When they say ‘not affected’, what do they mean? Evidence from trade disputes," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  38. Yanyang Yan & Juan Wang & Sijia Qiao, 2022. "Effects of Industrial Policy on Firms’ Innovation Outputs: Evidence From China," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, September.
  39. Xinlei Qian & Minghao Sun & Minjie Pan & Weiyong Zou & Guoxiang Li, 2023. "Intellectual property rights policy and foreign direct investment: A quasi‐natural experiment from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 2378-2392, June.
  40. Peng, Ya & Zhang, Xueyong, 2024. "Economic policy uncertainty in OFDI host countries and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  41. Dai, Yixin & Wang, Yixiao & Li, Rongrong, 2024. "Overcoming the “diversification trap”:firm investment decisions and innovation under policy uncertainty," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 492-504.
  42. Chen, Zhuo & Wang, Kunlun, 2025. "How air pollution affects innovation value in China urban area?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PA).
  43. Dongmei, Guo & Tao, Guo & Bing, Li & Chaoping, Xie, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty and agricultural specialization: Evidence from rural household in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PA).
  44. Yiping Sun & Xiangyi Li & Tengyuan Zhang & Jiawei Fu, 2022. "Does Trade Policy Uncertainty Exacerbate Environmental Pollution?—Evidence from Chinese Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-21, February.
  45. Si, Deng-Kui & Zhuang, Jiali & Ge, Xinyu & Yu, Yong, 2024. "The nexus between trade policy uncertainty and corporate financialization: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  46. Zhen Xu & Xin Zhong & Zhongyan Zhang, 2022. "Does the Sino–US Trade Friction Promote Firm Innovation? The Role of the Export Grab Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, February.
  47. Xiaoli Qiao & Man Wang, 2025. "Geographical Accessibility and Corporate Technological Innovation—Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-22, May.
  48. Li, Mengzhe & Lin, Qianru & Lan, Fei & Zhan, Zhimin & He, Zhongshi, 2023. "Trade policy uncertainty and financial investment: Evidence from Chinese energy firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
  49. Wang, Shubin & Zhao, Erlong & Razzaq, Hafiz Kashif, 2022. "Dynamic role of renewable energy efficiency, natural resources, and climate technologies in realizing environmental sustainability: Implications for China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1095-1104.
  50. Merchán, Federico & Görg, Holger, 2025. "Shocking a CEO: Economic disintegration and executive compensation in manufacturing and services firm," Kiel Working Papers 2286, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  51. Ma, Yeqing & Ni, Yining & Meng, Ning, 2024. "Financial development and the impact of FDI on firm innovation: Evidence from bank deregulation in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  52. Ting Ji & Laura Liu & Yulong Wang & Jiahe Xing, 2026. "A Simple and Powerful Diagnostic Test for Binary Choice Models," Papers 2603.27881, arXiv.org.
  53. Rodrigue, Joel & Shi, Qing & Tan, Yong, 2024. "Trade policy uncertainty & resource misallocation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  54. Xiaoling Zhao & Mingru Peng & Xing Wang & Rui Xu & Yongze Cui, 2024. "The Effect of Trade Policy Uncertainty on Green Technology Innovation: Evidence from China’s Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-23, August.
  55. Zheng, Fang & Chen, Xue & Sun, Yun, 2025. "The influence of trade policy uncertainty on corporate innovation strategies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  56. Yiming Zhang & Zuoliang Ye & Kaijun Gan, 2024. "Trade Liberalization and Pollutant Emissions: Micro Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-21, August.
  57. Zhou, Fengxiu & Wen, Huwei, 2022. "Trade policy uncertainty, development strategy, and export behavior: Evidence from listed industrial companies in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  58. Tu, Bingqian & Chen, Ze & Dang, Jingqi, 2025. "The impact of foreign direct investment on innovation in China's forest products industry," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  59. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "Duration of membership in the world trade organization and investment-oriented remittances inflows," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 258-277.
  60. Daniel Perico Ortiz, 2023. "Economic policy statements, social media, and stock market uncertainty: An analysis of Donald Trump’s tweets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(2), pages 333-367, June.
  61. Gao, Wang & Zhang, Linlin & Zhang, Haizhen & Zhang, Hongwei, 2024. "The role of trade policy uncertainty on contemporaneous and lagged connectedness between critical raw materials and high-tech markets: Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  62. liu, Zhizhong & Ju, Bin, 2023. "Network infrastructure construction and heterogeneous enterprise innovation quasi-natural experiment based on “Broadband China”," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  63. Xi, Yanle & Zhang, Liang & Zhou, Yuxin & Wu, Lamei, 2024. "Trade policy uncertainty and firm-level pollution emissions: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  64. Wang, Qian & Zhu, Linke, 2021. "Environmental regulation, firm heterogeneity, and intra-industry reallocation," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  65. Liu, Qing & Li, Yuqing & Li, Shuaihang & Wu, Feifei, 2023. "Lose to gain: Heterogeneous impact of trade policy uncertainty on firms’ domestic sales," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  66. Bao, Xiaohua & Deng, Jianpeng & Sun, Haoyu & Sun, Jin, 2022. "Trade policy uncertainty and foreign direct investment: Evidence from China’s WTO accession," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  67. Chu, Angus C. & Peretto, Pietro & Xu, Rongxin, 2023. "Export-led takeoff in a Schumpeterian economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  68. Daniele Curzi & Martijn Huysmans & Oliver Ken Haase, 2023. "Potable Intellectual Property: WTO TRIPS and EU Geographical Indication Wines," Working Papers 2311, Utrecht School of Economics.
  69. Cai, Yan & Li, Yanyun & Lin, Faqin & Yan, Wenshou, 2025. "The direct and indirect effects of trade policy uncertainty on the volatility of world agricultural prices," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  70. Yang, Zhihao & Hong, Junjie & Wang, Xuan, 2022. "Environmental spillovers in international joint ventures: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
  71. Luca Macedoni & Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu, 2022. "Flexibility And Productivity: Toward The Understanding Of Firm Heterogeneity," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(3), pages 1055-1108, August.
  72. Feng, Gen-Fu & Zheng, Mingbo, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and renewable energy innovation: International evidence," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 1(2).
  73. Hong Chen & Yang Xu, 2021. "Environmental Regulation and Exports: Evidence from the Comprehensive Air Pollution Policy in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, February.
  74. Wannaphong Durongkaveroj, 2022. "Development Strategies of Open Economies: Cases from Emerging East and Southeast Asia ‐ by Frank S. T. Hsiao and Mei‐Chu Wang Hsiao," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 36(2), pages 124-126, November.
  75. Liu, Mengxiao & Wang, Luhang & Yi, Yimin, 2022. "Quality Innovation, Cost Innovation, Export, and Firm Productivity Evolution: Evidence from the Chinese Electronics Industry," MPRA Paper 113270, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  76. Haoyuan Ding & Bo Pu & Tong Qi & Kai Wang, 2022. "Valuation effects of the US–China trade war: The effects of foreign managers and foreign exposure," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 662-683, July.
  77. Liu, Bin & Liu, Chunmiao & Li, Chuanchuan & Chen, Xiao, 2026. "The impact of digital trade rules on firms' international joint patent applications," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(1).
  78. Suyi Zheng & Jiandong Wen, 2023. "How Does Firm-Level Economic Policy Uncertainty Affect Corporate Innovation? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, April.
  79. Shan Gao & Zheng Li, 2025. "Trade Policy Uncertainty, Financing Constraints, and Firm Innovation: Evidence from China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(2), pages 8929-8960, June.
  80. Dai, Xingyu & Yousaf, Imran & Wang, Jiqian & Wang, Qunwei & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2025. "The pass-through of macro variable to volatility co-movement among U.S. currency and commodity futures markets system," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
  81. Ke Mao & Junxin Huang, 2022. "How Does Climate Policy Uncertainty Affect Green Innovation? Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-14, November.
  82. Ze Chen & Qiming Yang & Zhihao Wu & Jiajun Min, 2024. "A timely helping hand: China‐U.S. Trade War, government subsidy, and firm innovation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(6), pages 3564-3588, September.
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  85. Yu Zhang & Lang Wu & Heqi Zhang, 2026. "Revisiting the relationship between industrial policy and firm innovation: a quasi-natural experiment from China," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
  86. Kang, Yankun & Ma, Xin & Xie, Mi & Zhong, Ninghua, 2025. "Innovation’s false spring: U.S. export controls and Chinese patent quality," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  87. Liu Qing & Zhang Yanchao & Li Langxing & Li Shuaihang, 2021. "The Interactive Impact of Trade Policy Uncertainty and Credit Constraint Heterogeneity on Firms’ Export Margins: Theory and Empirics," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 9(6), pages 575-607, December.
  88. Qilin Mao & Jiayun Xu, 2024. "WTO accession, input trade liberalization and employment adjustment in Chinese manufacturing," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 160(1), pages 1-53, February.
  89. Daniele Curzi & Martijn Huysmans & Oliver Ken Haase, 2024. "Potable intellectual property: WTO TRIPS and EU geographical indication wines," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 46(3), pages 1065-1082, September.
  90. Jie Ma & Rong Cai & Weifu Zhang, 2023. "Has the Decline in Trade Policy Uncertainty Promoted China’s Agricultural Exports?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.
  91. Cui, Jingbo & Huang, Shaoqing & Wang, Chunhua, 2023. "The impact of air quality on innovation activities in China," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
  92. Shi, Xiaojing & Zeng, Rui, 2024. "Do supply chain shocks affect technological sophistication of exporting? Evidence from China’s anti-dumping measures on intermediate products," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 314-332.
  93. Song, Kaiyi & Dai, Wei & Bian, Yuanchao, 2023. "Trade policy uncertainty and environmental performance of Chinese enterprises," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 73-85.
  94. Jiaxuan Zhang & Hongsheng Zhang & Xuhang Shen & Bo Meng, 2024. "How Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Impact a Country's Position in Global Value Chains?," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 32(5), pages 28-52, September.
  95. Wentao, Guo & Hongyu, Nian & Zhiqiang, Zhang, 2025. "How do firms adapt trade liberalization through diverse innovation strategies?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 304-320.
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  97. Wenyue Cui & Jie Tang & Shuai Yuan & Xin Dai, 2025. "Innovation Convergence: A System Review," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(3), pages 13349-13392, September.
  98. Shi, Xiangyu & Xi, Tianyang & Zhang, Xiaobo & Zhang, Yifan, 2021. "“Moving Umbrella”: Bureaucratic transfers and the comovement of interregional investments in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  99. Fang, Guanfu & Gao, Tiantian & Xu, Peng, 2024. "Beyond the borders: Estimating the effect of China's Bonded Zones on innovation and its spillovers," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  100. Cui, Chuantao & Li, Leona Shao-Zhi, 2023. "Trade policy uncertainty and new firm entry: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
  101. Li, Shuaihang & Liu, Qihong & Liu, Qing, 2024. "Infrastructure and the patterns of trade: An empirical look at China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
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