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Access to Credit by Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Relevant Is Gender?

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Cited by:

  1. Simplice A. Asongu & Joseph Nnanna & Vanessa S. Tchamyou, 2020. "Finance, Institutions and Private Investment in Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 20/080, African Governance and Development Institute..
  2. Elin Torell & Chikondi Manyungwa-Pasani & Danielle Bilecki & Innocent Gumulira & Gordon Yiwombe, 2021. "Assessing and Advancing Gender Equity in Lake Malawi’s Small-Scale Fisheries Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
  3. Brixiova Schwidrowski, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry, 2016. "Gender Disparities in Employment and Earnings in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Swaziland," IZA Discussion Papers 10455, IZA Network @ LISER.
  4. Florian Léon & Laurent Weill, 2024. "Elections hinder firms' access to credit," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 73-107, January.
  5. Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou, 2024. "The effect of informal competition on registered firms’ credit constraints: Global evidence, channels, and the roles of productivity and financial development," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 2024-10, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
  6. Kadzima, Marvelous & Matemane, Reon & Machokoto, Michael & Lemma, Tesfaye T., 2025. "Beyond the balance sheet: SME financing strategies for fixed assets amid constraints," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
  7. Nihal Bayraktar & Hippolyte Fofack, 2018. "A Model for Gender Analysis with Informal Production and Financial Sectors," Journal of African Development, African Finance and Economic Association (AFEA), vol. 20(2), pages 1-20.
  8. Florian LEON & Laurent WEILL, 2021. "Elections Hinder Firms’ Access to Credit," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2021-03, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
  9. KOUAKOU, Dorgyles C.M., 2024. "Can past informality impede registered firms' access to credit?," MPRA Paper 121766, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  10. Tran, Viet T. & Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Tran, Nguyet T.M., 2019. "Gender difference in access to local finance and firm performance: Evidence from a panel survey in Vietnam," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 150-164.
  11. Amon Simba & Mahdi Tajeddin & Léo-Paul Dana & Domingo E. Ribeiro Soriano, 2024. "Deconstructing involuntary financial exclusion: a focus on African SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 285-305, January.
  12. Bucher-Koenen, Tabea & Alessie, Rob & Lusardi, Annamaria & van Rooij, Maarten, 2021. "Fearless Woman: Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-015, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  13. Brixiová, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry & Said, Mona, 2020. "Training, human capital, and gender gaps in entrepreneurial performance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 367-380.
  14. Wellalage, Nirosha & Locke, Stuart, 2017. "Access to credit by SMEs in South Asia: do women entrepreneurs face discrimination," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 336-346.
  15. Ferdinando Giglio, 2020. "Access to Credit and Women Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Literature Review," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 312-335.
  16. Juan Carlos Urueña-Mejía & Luis H. Gutierrez & Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes, 2023. "Financial inclusion and business practices of microbusiness in Colombia," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(2), pages 465-494, June.
  17. Xiao Chen & Bihong Huang & Dezhu Ye, 2019. "The Gender Gap in Peer-to-Peer Lending: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China," ADBI Working Papers 977, Asian Development Bank Institute.
  18. Radeef Chundakkadan & Subash Sasidharan, 2022. "Gender gap and access to finance: A cross‐country analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 180-207, February.
  19. Bach, Thang Ngoc & Le, Thanh & Nguyen, Thang Xuan & Hoang, Khanh, 2023. "Gender discrimination, social networks and access to informal finance of Vietnamese small and medium enterprises," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 358-372.
  20. Claudia Piras & Andrea Filippo Presbitero & Roberta Rabellotti, 2013. "Definitions Matter: Measuring Gender Gaps in Firms' Access to Credit," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers 90, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences.
  21. Abdelkrim Araar & Yesuf Mohammednur Awel & Jonse Bane Boka & Hiywot Menker & Ajebush Shafi & Eleni Yitbarek & Mulatu Zerihun, 2019. "Impact of Credit and Training on Enterprise Performance: Evidence from Urban Ethiopia," Working Papers PMMA 2019-13, PEP-PMMA.
  22. Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018. "Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
  23. Elizabeth Asiedu & Divine Mawusi Fiave & Alexander Opoku, 2025. "On the relationship between financial constraints and firm owners’ gender: does Sub-Saharan Africa mirror other regions?," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 459-494, December.
  24. repec:bcp:journl:v:5:y:2021:i:10:p:442-456 is not listed on IDEAS
  25. Zuzana Brixiová & Thierry Kangoye & Fiona Tregenna, 2020. "Correction to: Enterprising Women in Southern Africa: When Does Land Ownership Matter?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 762-762, December.
  26. LY, Yahya Abou, 2016. "Barrières à l’accès aux services financiers bancaires par les entreprises en Mauritanie [Barriers to Access to Financial Banking Services by enterprises in Mauritania]," MPRA Paper 108680, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Sep 2017.
  27. Díaz Serrano, Lluís & Sackey, Frank G., 2016. "Empowering the vulnerable to be entrepreneurs: An empirical test on the efectiveness of the Ghana microfinance policy 2006," Working Papers 2072/267084, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
  28. Islam,Asif Mohammed & Muzi,Silvia, 2020. "Mobile Money and Investment by Women Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9338, The World Bank.
  29. Figueroa, Camila & Iberti, Gonzalo & Riutort, Julio & Wagner, Rodrigo, 2023. "Do firms that state they are financially constrained tend to reinvest more of their profits?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  30. Shusen Qi & Steven Ongena & Hua Cheng, 2022. "Working with women, do men get all the credit?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1427-1447, December.
  31. Shreya Biswas, 2021. "She Innovates- Female owner and firm innovation in India," Papers 2109.09515, arXiv.org.
  32. Kadzima, Marvelous & Machokoto, Michael & Matemane, Reon, 2025. "Is financial anxiety gendered? A cross-sectional analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  33. Mwale, Martin Limbikani & Fintel, Dieter von & Marchetta, Francesca & Smith, Anja & Kamninga, Tony Mwenda, 2021. "The Negative Impact of Farm Input Subsidies on Women's Agency in Malawi's Matrilocal Settlements," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315041, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
  34. Bertrand, Jérémie & Burietz, Aurore & Perrin, Caroline, 2022. "Just the two of us, we can(’t) make it if we try: Owner-CEO gender and discouragement," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  35. Dileni Gunewardena & Abdoulaye Seck, 2020. "Heterogeneity in entrepreneurship in developing countries: Risk, credit, and migration and the entrepreneurial propensity of youth and women," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 713-725, August.
  36. Tony Addison & Saurabh Singhal & Finn Tarp, 2013. "Aid to Africa: the Changing Context," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2013-144, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  37. Olatunji Abdul Shobande & Joseph Onuche Enemona, 2021. "A Multivariate VAR Model for Evaluating Sustainable Finance and Natural Resource Curse in West Africa: Evidence from Nigeria and Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
  38. Juan Wu & Yaokuang Li & Daru Zhang, 2019. "Identifying women’s entrepreneurial barriers and empowering female entrepreneurship worldwide: a fuzzy-set QCA approach," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 905-928, September.
  39. Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018. "Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
  40. Brixiová, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry, 2016. "Gender and constraints to entrepreneurship in Africa: New evidence from Swaziland," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 5(C), pages 1-8.
  41. Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou, 2024. "Can past informality impede registered firms’ access to credit?," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 2024-08, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
  42. Adem Yavuz Elveren & Hale Kirmizioglu, 2022. "Financial Development and Female Labor Income Share: Evidence from Global Data," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 8(1), pages 35-49, June.
  43. Simplice Asongu & Enowbi Batuo & Vanessa Tchamyou, 2015. "Bundling Governance: Finance versus Institutions in Private Investment Promotion," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 15/051, African Governance and Development Institute..
  44. Brixiova Schwidrowski, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry, 2016. "Start-Up Capital and Women's Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Swaziland," IZA Discussion Papers 10279, IZA Network @ LISER.
  45. Tesfaye T. Lemma & Tendai Gwatidzo & Mthokozisi Mlilo, 2023. "Gender differences in business performance: evidence from Kenya and South Africa," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 591-614, February.
  46. Steven Ongena & Alexander Popov, 2016. "Gender Bias and Credit Access," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(8), pages 1691-1724, December.
  47. Nicola Comincioli & Paolo M. Panteghini & Sergio Vergalli & Paolo Panteghini, 2024. "On the Main Determinants of Start-Up Investment in Developing Countries," CESifo Working Paper Series 11014, CESifo.
  48. Adnan M. S. Fakir & Tushar Bharati & Ashraf S. Khan, 2026. "The impact of media coverage of sexual violence on women’s work decisions in rural Bangladesh," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 39(2), pages 1-29, June.
  49. Diaz-Serrano, Luis & Sackey, Frank Gyimah, 2016. "Empowering the Vulnerable to Be Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Test on the Effectiveness of the Ghana Microfinance Policy 2006," IZA Discussion Papers 10323, IZA Network @ LISER.
  50. Kausik Chaudhuri & Subash Sasidharan & Rajesh Seethamma Natarajan Raj, 2020. "Gender, small firm ownership, and credit access: some insights from India," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1165-1181, April.
  51. Olayinka Oyekola & Sofia Johan & Rilwan Sakariyahu & Oluwatoyin Esther Dosumu & Shima Amini, 2023. "Political institutions, financial liberalisation, and access to finance: firm-level empirical evidence," Discussion Papers 2307, University of Exeter, Department of Economics.
  52. Brixiová, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry & Yogo, Thierry Urbain, 2020. "Access to finance among small and medium-sized enterprises and job creation in Africa," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 177-189.
  53. Machokoto, Michael & Omotilewa, Oluwatoba James, 2024. "The impact of borrowing concentration on innovation: When is one not just enough?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
  54. Osei-Tutu, Francis & Weill, Laurent, 2023. "Democracy favors access to credit of firms," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  55. Naegels, Vanessa & Mori, Neema & D'Espallier, Bert, 2022. "The process of female borrower discouragement," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  56. Addison, Tony & Singhal, Saurabh & Tarp, Finn, 2013. "Aid to Africa: The Changing Context," WIDER Working Paper Series 144, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  57. Giuliana Birindelli & Claudia Capozza & Antonia Patrizia Iannuzzi, 2026. "Women-owned firms and discouragement to apply for credit: evidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 66(1), pages 233-254, January.
  58. Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou, 2025. "High-quality financial statements, credit constraints, and labor productivity," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 45(4), pages 1885-1897.
  59. Naegels, Vanessa & D’Espallier, Bert & Mori, Neema, 2020. "Perceived problems with collateral: The value of informal networking," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 32-45.
  60. Small, Sarah F. & van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana, 2023. "The gendered effects of investing in physical and social infrastructure," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  61. James Atta Peprah & Isaac Kwesi Ofori & Abel Nyarko Asomani, 2019. "Financial development, remittances and economic growth: A threshold analysis," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1625107-162, January.
  62. Zuzana Brixiová & Thierry Kangoye, 2019. "Networks, start-up capital and women's entrepreneurial performance in Africa: Evidence from Eswatini," SALDRU Working Papers 257, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
  63. Jain, Ritika, 2022. "Gender diversity, gender norms and firm performance: Evidence from India," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).
  64. Kaba,Kabinet & Tchana Tchana,Fulbert, 2024. "Electricity Reliability and Intra-Sectoral Structural Change in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10770, The World Bank.
  65. Rémi Bazillier & María Moraga-Fernández, 2025. "Minimum Wage Shocks, Firms and Employment Evidence from Africa," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 25006, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
  66. Chen, Xiao & Huang, Bihong & Ye, Dezhu, 2020. "Gender gap in peer-to-peer lending: Evidence from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
  67. Lamessa T. Abdisa & Alemu L. Hawitibo, 2021. "Firm performance under financial constraints: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
  68. An, Jiafu, 2020. "Is there an employee-based gender gap in informal financial markets? International evidence," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  69. Uchenna R. Efobi & Belmondo V. Tanankem & Simplice A. Asongu & Ibukun Beecroft, 2016. "Exploring Multidimensional Financial Inclusion and Manufacturing Firms Performance in a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria," Research Africa Network Working Papers 16/043, Research Africa Network (RAN).
  70. Kelvin Mugambi Kinyua & Frederick Kibon Changwony & Kevin Campbell, 2025. "Government procurement contracts, external audit certification, and financing of small- and medium-sized enterprises," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1163-1231, March.
  71. Gourène, Grakolet & Brixiová Schwidrowski, Zuzana & Balcar, Jiří & Filipová, Lenka Johnson, 2025. "How credit constrained are family-owned SMEs in Arab countries?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  72. Amina Ika Micah, . "Three essays on access to credit and financial shock in Nigeria," Economics PhD Theses, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School, number 0422, December.
  73. Arti Grover & Mariana Viollaz, 2025. "The Gendered Impact of Social Norms on Financial Access and Capital Misallocation," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0352, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  74. Riaz, Yasir & Faff, Robert & Shehzad, Choudhry Tanveer & Shahab, Yasir, 2023. "Behavioral implications of sovereign ceiling doctrine for the access to credit by firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  75. Florence D. Mndolwa & Abdul Latif Alhassan, 2020. "Gender disparities in financial inclusion: Insights from Tanzania," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 578-590, December.
  76. Phina Njideka Onyekwelu & Godwin Imo Ibe & Francis Ezieshi Monyei & Joseph Ikechukwu Attamah & Wilfred Isioma Ukpere, 2023. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship Institutions on Access to Micro-Financing for Sustainable Enterprise in an Emerging Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, April.
  77. Mushtaq, Rizwan & Gull, Ammar Ali & Usman, Muhammad, 2022. "ICT adoption, innovation, and SMEs’ access to finance," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(3).
  78. Bertrand, Jérémie & Mazza, Paolo, 2022. "Borrowers’ discouragement and creditor information," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  79. Hansen, Henrik & Rand, John, 2014. "Estimates of gender differences in firm’s access to credit in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 123(3), pages 374-377.
  80. Pandey, Rudresh & He, Xian & Zhang, Dengjun, 2024. "Firms' gender composition, loan collateral, and sustainable finance," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  81. Brixiova Schwidrowski, Zuzana & Elbeshbishi, Amal Nagah & Zhao, Jiaxin, 2025. "Breaking Barriers for Women and Young Entrepreneurs in North Africa: Skills, Finance, and Social Norms," IZA Policy Papers 217, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  82. Asiedu, Elizabeth & Azomahou, Théophile T. & Gaekwad, Neepa B. & Ouédraogo, Mahamady, 2021. "The determinants of electricity constraints by firms in developing countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  83. Mishra, Aswini Kumar & Bhardwaj, Vedant, 2022. "Financial access and household’s borrowing: Policy perspectives of an emerging economy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(5), pages 981-999.
  84. Aristei, David & Gallo, Manuela, 2016. "Does gender matter for firms' access to credit? Evidence from international data," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 67-75.
  85. Osei-Tutu, Francis & Weill, Laurent, 2022. "Bank efficiency and access to credit: International evidence," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(3).
  86. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Chih-Wei & Ho, Shan-Ju, 2022. "Financial aid and financial inclusion: Does risk uncertainty matter?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  87. Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou, 2025. "Can past informality impede registered firms' access to credit?," Post-Print hal-05305016, HAL.
  88. Axelle Heyert & Laurent Weill, 2024. "Does Female Bank Leadership Affect Firm Credit?," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2024-08, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
  89. Mamadou Mouminy Bah & Mamadou Nouhou Diallo & Jean Marcelin Bosson Brou, 2025. "Resource Misallocation and Financial Access Constraints: Evidence from Developing Countries," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 67(3), pages 554-622, September.
  90. Dengjun Zhang, 2022. "Capacity utilization under credit constraints: A firm‐level study of Latin American manufacturing," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1367-1386, January.
  91. Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta & Sushanta Mallick, 2025. "Financial Access and Entrepreneurship by Gender: Evidence from Rural India," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 729-754, February.
  92. Kouakou, Dorgyles C.M., 2025. "Can past informality impede registered firms’ access to credit?," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 786-815.
  93. Ekin Ayse Özsuca, 2024. "Agribusiness resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of credit constraints," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 70(12), pages 591-605.
  94. Francis OSEI-TUTU & Laurent WEILL, 2020. "Does Access to Credit Come with Access to Voting? Democracy and Firm Financing Constraints," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2020-04, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
  95. Bailey, Rachel & Hartarska, Valentina, 2017. "Women's Property Rights and Outreach of Microfinance Institutions Targeting Women," 2017 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2017, Mobile, Alabama 253159, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
  96. Machokoto, Michael & Bempong Nyantakyi, Eugene, 2023. "Are women-owned enterprises better for employees?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
  97. Francis Osei-Tutu & Laurent Weill, 2024. "Regional favoritism in access to credit," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 200(1), pages 293-321, July.
  98. Marigo, Jean-Baptiste & Weill, Laurent, 2025. "Once upon a loan: How folk tales shape access to credit," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
  99. Nicola Comincioli & Paolo M. Panteghini & Sergio Vergalli, 2025. "On the main determinants of startup investment in developing countries," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 42(2), pages 459-477, July.
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