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La politique monétaire sans monnaie

Author

Listed:
  • Jérôme Creel

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

  • Henri Sterdyniak

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

Le schéma traditionnel de la courbe LM où le taux d'intérêt équilibre une demande de monnaie stable et une offre de monnaie fixée par la banque centrale n'a plus de sens dans les systèmes financiers modernes caractérisés par la disparition de la distinction entre actifs monétaires et non-monétaires. La banque centrale fixe à chaque période le taux d'intérêt monétaire; la masse monétaire, quelle que soit sa définition arbitraire, est déterminée par la demande de monnaie; le taux d'inflation est déterminé, période après période, par le comportement conjoint de la banque centrale, des autorités budgétaires et du secteur privé; la notion de financement monétaire du déficit public disparaît. Il serait souhaitable que la théorie de la politique monétaire rejoigne sa pratique : les théoriciens doivent renoncer à la courbe LM et adopter un schéma réaliste où la banque centrale fixe le taux d'intérêt en fonction des objectifs finaux de la politique monétaire (inflation et production). Comme le montre le succès de la règle de Taylor, les économistes appliqués ont définitivement adopté les fonctions de réaction pour étudier le comportement des banques centrales. Contrairement à ce que prétendent les auteurs monétaristes, l'utilisation d'une règle de taux ne crée pas d'indétermination du niveau des prix ou du niveau d'inflation, même dans les modèles théoriques avec parfaite flexibilité des prix, à partir du moment où la banque centrale sur-indexe le taux d'intérêt sur le taux d'inflation. L'inflation, le taux d'intérêt et la dette publique de long terme sont alors déterminés conjointement par les politiques monétaire et budgétaire. Cette co-détermination peut être une source d'instabilité, de conflit, de domination d'une autorité sur une autre ou au contraire une occasion de coopération. Le cas le plus favorable est celui où les autorités s'entendent sur des objectifs de taux d'inflation et de taux d'intérêt réel. Il est souhaitable et possible de construire une théorie monétaire sans monnaie.

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Creel & Henri Sterdyniak, 1999. "La politique monétaire sans monnaie," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/2961, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2961
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    1. Jérôme Creel & Henri Sterdyniak, 2001. "La théorie budgétaire du niveau des prix, un bilan critique," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 111(6), pages 909-939.
    2. Bruno Ducoudré, 2005. "Fiscal policy and interest rates," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2005-08, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
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    4. Christian Bordes & Hélène Chevrou-Séverac & Vêlayoudom Marimoutou, 2001. "Une Europe monétaire à plusieurs vitesses ? La demande de monnaie dans les grands pays de la zone euro (1979-1999)," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 51-71.
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5122 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/5122 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2942 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5221 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Jérôme Creel, 2001. "Faut-il contraindre la politique budgétaire en Union monétaire ?. Les enseignements d'une maquette simulée," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 77(2), pages 199-249.
    10. Christian Bordes & Hélène Chevrou-Séverac & Velayoudom Marimoutou, 2001. "Une Europe monétaire à plusieurs vitesses ?. La demande de monnaie dans les grands pays de la zone euro (1979-1999)," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 147(1), pages 51-71.
    11. Jérôme Creel & Jacky Fayolle, 2002. "La Banque centrale et l'Union monétaire européennes : les tribulations de la crédibilité," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 211-244.
    12. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/2943 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Jerome Creel & Henri Sterdyniak, 2000. "La théorie budgétaire du niveau des prix : un bilan critique (The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level, a critical assessment) (in French with English summary)," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2000-03, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    14. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2943 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Djelassi, Mouldi & Essid, Lobna, 2012. "Le niveau des prix en Tunisie est-il déterminé par la politique budgétaire?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 88(2), pages 231-256, Juin.
    16. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/5122 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2943 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Bruno Ducoudre, 2008. "Structure par terme des taux d’intérêt et anticipations de la politique économique," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5221, Sciences Po.
    19. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2942 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Politique monétaire; Taux d'intérêt monétaire; Courbe LM;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

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