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À propos de la volatilité de l'euro

Author

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  • Jérôme Creel
  • Henri Sterdyniak

Abstract

[fre] Faut-il craindre que instauration de euro accroisse la volatilité des taux de change échelle mondiale ? Cet article utilise une maquette à trois pays pour comparer la volatilité du taux de change selon la nature des chocs et le régime de change en Europe (change flexible, SME ou UEM). Si, théoriquement, le taux de change d'un grand pays fermé fluctue plus que celui un petit pays ouvert, les résultats sont mitigés dans le cas spécifique de l'euro. Le surplus de volatilité n'aurait lieu que pour des chocs de demande ou des chocs d'offre externe. La volatilité serait réduite à la suite de chocs d'offre interne. Ces résultats s'inversent si la sensibilité du commerce intra-européen aux prix relatifs est particulièrement forte. Dans le cas de chocs communs en Europe, le surplus de volatilité permettrait une meilleure stabilisation économique. Pour les chocs ne frappant qu'un pays, l'euro serait plus stable que la monnaie du pays touché, mais cette stabilité nuirait la stabilisation économique. Toutefois, l'indépendance de la BCE pourrait conduire à de fortes variations de l'euro à la suite de chocs inflationnistes. Par ailleurs, la paralysie des politiques budgétaires induites par le Pacte de stabilité rendrait nécessaires des politiques monétaires plus actives, ce qui serait une source d'instabilité. [eng] Discussing Euro volatility. Jerome Creel and Henri Sterdyniak. Is the introduction of the euro likely to increase the volatility of the exchange rates on a worldwide scale ? This article presents a three countries model to compare the exchange rate volatility depending on the nature of the shocks and the exchange rate regime in Europe (flexible, EMS or EMU). In theory, the exchange rate of a large closed country fluctuates more than that the exchange rate of a small open country, but results are ambiguous in the specific case of the euro. An increase in volatility would only occur after demand and external supply shocks. Volatility would be reduced following internal supply shocks. The conclusions are the opposite if the sensitivity of intra-European trade to relative prices is particularly strong. In the case of common shocks in Europe, the surplus in volatility would help economic stabilisation. As for (hitting only one country), the euro would fluctuate less than the currency of the hit country, but this stability would harm economic stabilisation. However, the independence of the ECB could lead to strong variations of the euro after inflationary shocks. In addition, the constraints on fiscal policies which are induced by the Stability pact would make more active monetary policies necessary : these would be a source of instability.

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Creel & Henri Sterdyniak, 1998. "À propos de la volatilité de l'euro," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 65(1), pages 199-226.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_65_1_1500
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1998.1500
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1998.1500
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henri Sterdyniak & Pierre Villa, 1993. "Régimes de change et coordination des politiques économiques en Europe," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 307-348.
    2. Leonardo Bartolini & Gordon M. Bodnar, 1996. "Are Exchange Rates Excessively Volatile? And What Does "Excessively Volatile" Mean, Anyway?," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 43(1), pages 72-96, March.
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    9. Jean Pisani-Ferry & Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, 1998. "L'euro et la stabilité des taux de change. Une analyse théorique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(3), pages 733-742.
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    5. Séverine Menguy, 2005. "Hétérogénéité structurelle des pays membres et conflit dobjectifs entre les autorités économiques dans l'UEM," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 169(3), pages 41-58.
    6. Miotti, Luis Egidio & Plihon, Dominique & Quenan, Carlos, 2002. "Euro and the financial relations between Latin America and Europe: medium- and long-term implications," Macroeconomía del Desarrollo 5354, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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