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Energy Prices and Household Heterogeneity: Monetary Policy in a Gas-TANK

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  • Chan, Jenny
  • Diz, Sebastian
  • Kanngiesser, Derrick

Abstract

How does household heterogeneity affect the transmission of an energy price shock? What are the implications for monetary policy? We develop a small, open-economy TANK model that features labor and an energy import good as complementary production inputs (Gas-TANK). Given such complementarities, higher energy prices reduce the labor share of total income. Due to borrowing constraints, this translates into a drop in aggregate demand. Higher price flexibility insures firm profits from adverse energy price shocks, further depressing labor income and demand. We illustrate how the transmission of shocks in a RANK versus a TANK depends on the degree of complementarity between energy and labor in production and the degree of price rigidities. Optimal monetary policy is less contractionary in a TANK and can even be expansionary when credit constraints are severe. Finally, the contractionary effect of an energy price shock on demand cannot be generalized to alternate supply shocks, as the specific nature of the supply shock affects how resources are redistributed in the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Chan, Jenny & Diz, Sebastian & Kanngiesser, Derrick, 2022. "Energy Prices and Household Heterogeneity: Monetary Policy in a Gas-TANK," MPRA Paper 115975, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Dec 2022.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:115975
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    3. Gnocato, Nicolò, 2025. "Energy price shocks, unemployment, and monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Alessandri, Piergiorgio & Gazzani, Andrea, 2025. "Natural gas and the macroeconomy: Not all energy shocks are alike," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Altavilla, Carlo & Bussière, Matthieu & Galí, Jordi & Gorodnichenko, Yuriy & Gürkaynak, Refet S. & Rey, Hélène, 2024. "A research program on monetary policy for Europe," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(S).
    6. Chafwehé, Boris & Colciago, Andrea & Priftis, Romanos, 2025. "Reallocation, productivity, and monetary policy in an energy crisis," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    7. Volha Audzei & Ivan Sutoris, 2024. "A Heterogeneous Agent Model of Energy Consumption and Energy Conservation," Working Papers 2024/4, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    8. Kharroubi, Enisse & Smets, Frank, 2024. "Energy shocks as Keynesian supply shocks: Implications for fiscal policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    9. Adolfsen, Jakob Feveile & Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Mork, Jente Esther & Van Robays, Ine, 2024. "Gas price shocks and euro area inflation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Bobasu, Alina & Dobrew, Michael & Repele, Amalia, 2024. "Energy price shocks, monetary policy and inequality," Working Paper Series 2967, European Central Bank.
    11. Segarra, Ignacio & Atanasova, Christina & Figuerola-Ferretti, Isabel, 2024. "Electricity markets regulations: The financial impact of the global energy crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    12. Matzner, Anna & Steininger, Lea, 2024. "Firms’ heterogeneous (and unintended) investment response to carbon price increases," Working Paper Series 2958, European Central Bank.
    13. Wataru Miyamoto & Thuy Lan Nguyen & Dmitry Sergeyev, 2023. "How Oil Shocks Propagate: Evidence on the Monetary Policy Channel," Working Paper Series 2024-06, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    14. Ricciutelli, Francesco, 2024. "Energy Inflation and Consumption Inequality," MPRA Paper 120899, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Bobasu, Alina & Dobrew, Michael & Repele, Amalia, 2024. "Heterogeneous effects of monetary tightening in response to energy price shocks," Research Bulletin, European Central Bank, vol. 123.
    16. Coccia, Samantha & Russo, Alberto, 2025. "Inflation, inequality and financial vulnerability: Monetary vs. fiscal policy in the face of an energy shock," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    17. Zia, Hafiz Muhammad Yasir & Yang, Wanping & Masood, Abdullah & Ahmed, Afaf & Aldawsari, Salem Hamad, 2025. "Can money help to achieve the Paris agreement goal? the missing piece of the puzzle: How green monetary policy can bridge the emissions gap," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 494-529.

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    Keywords

    Heterogenous agent models; business cycle fluctuations; energy; monetary policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

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