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Hicks in HANK: Fiscal Responses to an Energy Shock

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  • Bayer, Christian
  • Kriwoluzky, Alexander
  • Müller, Gernot
  • Seyrich, Fabian

Abstract

The distributional and disruptive effects of energy supply shocks are potentially large. We study the effectiveness of alternative fiscal responses in a two-country HANK model that we calibrate to the euro area. Energy subsidies can stabilize the domestic economy, but are fiscally costly and generate adverse spillovers to the rest of the monetary union: What the subsidizing country gains, the other countries lose. Transfers based on historical energy consumption in the form of a Hicks/Slutsky compensation are less effective domestically as subsidies but do not harm economic activity abroad. In addition, transfers increase welfare at Home while subsidies reduce welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Bayer, Christian & Kriwoluzky, Alexander & Müller, Gernot & Seyrich, Fabian, 2023. "Hicks in HANK: Fiscal Responses to an Energy Shock," CEPR Discussion Papers 18557, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:18557
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    2. Gustafsson, Johan & Ma, Xiaofei & Maih, Junior & Vesterberg, Mattias, 2025. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy under an energy supply shock," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    3. Bayer Christian & Bierbrauer Felix & Ockenfels Axel & Sutter Matthias, 2025. "ECONtribute: Markets & Public Policy: Agenda und ausgewählte Forschungsschwerpunkte," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 26(1), pages 34-48.
    4. Chafwehé, Boris & Colciago, Andrea & Priftis, Romanos, 2025. "Reallocation, productivity, and monetary policy in an energy crisis," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    5. Simone Emiliozzi & Filippo Favero, 2025. "Unveiling natural gas consumption sectoral price elasticities," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 941, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    6. Hinterlang, Natascha & Jäger, Marius & Stähler, Nikolai & Strobel, Johannes, 2025. "Transfers or subsidies? Comparing mitigation strategies for energy price shocks in a production network model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Chan, Jenny & Diz, Sebastian & Kanngiesser, Derrick, 2024. "Energy prices and household heterogeneity: Monetary policy in a Gas-TANK," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(S).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E64 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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