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Exchange Rate Misalignment and External Imbalances: What is the Optimal Monetary Policy Response?

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Abstract

How should monetary policy respond to capital inflows that appreciate the currency, widen the current account deficit and cause domestic overheating? Using the workhorse open-macro monetary model, we derive a quadratic approximation of the utility-based global loss function in incomplete market economies, solve for the optimal targeting rules under cooperation and characterize the constrained-optimal allocation. The answer is sharp: the optimal monetary stance is contractionary if the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) on import prices is incomplete, expansionary if ERPT is complete–implying that misalignment and exchange rate volatility are higher in economies where incomplete pass through contains the effects of exchange rates on price competitiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Giancarlo Corsetti & Luca Dedola & Sylvain Leduc, 2020. "Exchange Rate Misalignment and External Imbalances: What is the Optimal Monetary Policy Response?," Working Paper Series 2020-04, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedfwp:87525
    DOI: 10.24148/wp2020-04
    Note: This version: January 2020
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    Cited by:

    1. Candian, Giacomo, 2021. "Central bank transparency, exchange rates, and demand imbalances," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 90-107.
    2. Guillermo Hausmann-Guil, 2025. "Solving DSGE models with incomplete markets by perturbation," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 57, July.
    3. Emile A. Marin & Sanjay R. Singh, 2023. "Low Risk Sharing with Many Assets," Working Papers 361, University of California, Davis, Department of Economics.
    4. Marçal, Emerson Fernandes & Simões, Oscar Rodrigues, 2024. "Current account and real effective exchange rate dynamics: the role of non-linear dynamics in Brazil," Textos para discussão 571, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    5. Xie, Oliver, 2024. "Financial Hedging and Optimal Currency of Invoicing," SocArXiv v8zdk, Center for Open Science.
    6. Chen, Sihao & Devereux, Michael B. & Shi, Kang & Xu, Juanyi, 2023. "Consumption heterogeneity and monetary policy in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 1-15.
    7. Cho, Daeha & Kim, Jung Hyun & Kim, Kwang Hwan & Kim, Suk Joon, 2025. "Optimal trend inflation in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Daeha Cho & Kwang Hwan & Sukjoon Kim, 2023. "The Paradox of Price Flexibility in an Open Economy," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 370-392, December.
    9. repec:osf:socarx:v8zdk_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Wei, Wei & Tang, Zefeng, 2025. "RMB equilibrium exchange rate and misalignment: Insights from the CN-NATREX Model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    11. Acharya, Sushant & Challe, Edouard, 2025. "Reprint of: Inequality and optimal monetary policy in the open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    12. Acharya, Sushant & Challe, Edouard, 2025. "Inequality and optimal monetary policy in the open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    13. Lloyd, Simon P. & Marin, Emile A., 2024. "Capital controls and trade policy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • F42 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - International Policy Coordination and Transmission

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