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Simultaneous Analysis of Child Labour and Child Schooling: Comparative Evidence from Nepal and Pakistan

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  • Ranjan Ray

Abstract

This study investigates the key determinants of child labour hours and child schooling experience paying special attention to the interaction between the two. A significant methodogical feature that distinguishes the present study from previous investigations is that this analysis recognises the joint endogeneity of child labour, child schooling and child poverty. The study is conducted on Nepalese and Pakistani data, and the results are compared. A key empirical finding, with significant policy implications, is the sharp trade off between child labour and child schooling. Another common feature of both countries is the gender bias in favour of boys schooling, though the bias is much larger in case of Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Ranjan Ray, 2001. "Simultaneous Analysis of Child Labour and Child Schooling: Comparative Evidence from Nepal and Pakistan," ASARC Working Papers 2001-10, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre.
    • Handle: RePEc:pas:asarcc:2001-10
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    1. Kaushik Basu, 1999. "Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standards," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(3), pages 1083-1119, September.
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    6. Ranjan Ray, 2001. "Child Labour and Child Schooling in South Asia: A Cross Country Study of their Determinants," ASARC Working Papers 2001-09, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre.
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    10. Ranjan Ray, 2000. "Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 13(1), pages 3-19.
    11. Chaudhri, D.P. & Wilson, E.J., 2000. "The Challenge of Child Labour in Rural India: A Multi-Dimensional Problem in Need of an Orchestrated Policy Response," Economics Working Papers wp00-02, School of Economics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
    12. Ray, Ranjan, 2000. "Child Labor, Child Schooling, and Their Interaction with Adult Labor: Empirical Evidence for Peru and Pakistan," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 14(2), pages 347-367, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Karamat Ali & Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2004. "Simultaneous Decision Making of Child Schooling and Child Labour in Pakistani Urban Households," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 127-148, Jan-June.
    2. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan & Karamat Ali, 2005. "Economically Active Children and Home-care Children: How Much They Differ," Labor and Demography 0510013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Awan, Masood Sarwar & Waqas, Muhammad & Aslam, Muhammad Amir, 2011. "Why do Parents Make their Children Work? Evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey," MPRA Paper 31830, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan & Karamat Ali, 2005. "Who Are Schooled in Urban Pakistan?," HEW 0505003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Toseef Azid & Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2010. "Who are the children going to school in Urban Punjab (Pakistan)?," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(6), pages 442-465, May.
    6. Kulsoom, Rafia, 2007. "Child Labor at District Level: A Case Study of Rawalpindi," MPRA Paper 17224, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan & Karamat Ali, 2003. "Determinants of Schooling in Rural Areas of Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 8(2), pages 99-122, Jul-Dec.
    8. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2003. "Children in Different Activities: Child Schooling and Child Labour," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(2), pages 137-160.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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