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Defence partnerships, military expenditure, investment, and economic growth: an analysis in PESCO countries

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  • Karamanis, Dimitris

Abstract

This paper employs a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) approach to investigate the relationship among military expenditure, investment, and economic growth, over the period after the enforcement of the Maastricht treaty (1994–2018) in 25 European countries that participate in the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). By using the Louvain community detection algorithm on the network links that have been established through defence partnerships in PESCO projects, two different country clusters emerge. Findings suggest that military expenditures can stimulate economic growth but the effects may not be common for all Member States, which might benefit from the involvement in joint defence projects to maximize the effectiveness of their defence spending.

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  • Karamanis, Dimitris, 2022. "Defence partnerships, military expenditure, investment, and economic growth: an analysis in PESCO countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115485, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    • Handle: RePEc:ehl:lserod:115485
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    defence partnerships; military expenditures; investments; economic growth; PVAR; PESCO;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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