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The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Education

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  • Valeria Groppo
  • Kati Krähnert

Abstract

This paper analyzes the short- and long-term impact of extreme weather events on educational outcomes in Mongolia. Our focus is on two extremely severe winters that caused mass livestock mortality. We use household panel data with comprehensive retrospective information on households’ historic experience with weather shocks. Exposure to the weather shock significantly reduces the likelihood of being enrolled in mandatory school two to three years after the shock. Similarly, it significantly reduces the probability of completing basic education ten to eleven years after the shock. Both effects are driven by children from herding households. Results are robust to measuring shock intensity with district-level livestock mortality and climate data as well as household-level livestock losses. Exposure to weather shocks during preschool age (as opposed to exposure during primary and secondary school age) yields the worst consequences for educational attainment. Overall, the evidence points toward income effects as the channel through which the shock impacts education.

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  • Valeria Groppo & Kati Krähnert, 2015. "The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Education," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1534, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1534
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    3. Christoph Deuster, 2019. "Climate change, education and mobility in Africa," NOVAFRICA Working Paper Series wp1904, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Nova School of Business and Economics, NOVAFRICA.
    4. Herrera Almanza, Catalina & Cas, Ava, 2017. "Resilience to Shocks during Adolescence and Later Human Capital Outcomes: Evidence from Natural Disasters in the Philippines," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 259129, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Ball, Alastair, 2014. "Air pollution, foetal mortality, and long-term health: Evidence from the Great London Smog," MPRA Paper 63229, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 Mar 2015.
    6. Francesca Marchetta & David E. Sahn & Luca Tiberti, 2018. "School or work?The role of weather shocks in Madagascar," Cahiers de recherche CREATE 2018-2, CREATE.
    7. Xing-Yun Zou & Xin-Yu Peng & Xin-Xin Zhao & Chun-Ping Chang, 2023. "The impact of extreme weather events on water quality: international evidence," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 115(1), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Chinh T. Mai & Akira Hibiki, 2023. "How Does Flood Affect Children Differently? The Impact of Flood on Children’s Education, Labor, Food Consumption, and Cognitive Development," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1211, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    9. Mogge, Lukas, 2023. "A District-Level Analysis of the Effect of Risk Exposure on the Demand for Index Insurance in Mongolia," Ruhr Economic Papers 1018, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    10. Fluhrer, Svenja, 2023. "Crowding-in or crowding-out: The effect of humanitarian aid on households’ investments in climate adaptation," MPRA Paper 117975, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Vladimir Otrachshenko & Olga Popova & Nargiza Alimukhamedova, 2024. "Rainfall variability and labor allocation in Uzbekistan: the role of women’s empowerment," Post-Soviet Affairs, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 119-138, March.
    12. Wen, Jun & Zhao, Xin-Xin & Fu, Qiang & Chang, Chun-Ping, 2023. "The impact of extreme weather events on green innovation: Which ones bring to the most harm?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    13. Mogge, Lukas & Roeckert, Julian & Krähnert, Kati, 2024. "Impacts of anticipatory cash transfers in the context of weather disasters," Ruhr Economic Papers 1065, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    14. Alastair Ball, 2018. "The Long-Term Economic Costs of the Great London Smog," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 1814, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
    15. Paudel, Jayash & Ryu, Hanbyul, 2018. "Natural disasters and human capital: The case of Nepal’s earthquake," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1-12.
    16. Katharina Lehmann-Uschner & Kati Krähnert, 2018. "When Shocks Become Persistent: Household-Level Asset Growth in the Aftermath of an Extreme Weather Event," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1759, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    17. Liu, Xinyan & Xu, Yunjiao, 2021. "Unexpected opportunity for girls: Earthquake, disaster relief and female education in China's poor counties," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    18. Aparajita Dasgupta & Anahita Karandikar, 2021. "Gender-Gap in Learning Outcomes under Rainfall Shocks: The Role of Gender Norms," Working Papers 70, Ashoka University, Department of Economics.
    19. Pedro Neves Mata & Shahzad Ali & João Luis Lucas & Jéssica Nunes Martins & Mahwish Zafar, 2023. "Cross-Sectional ARDL Analysis to Access the Impact of Stressful Living Environment and Extreme Weather Events on Youth’s Education," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    human capital accumulation; weather shocks; Mongolia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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