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Do Stringent Environmental Policies Deter FDI? M&A versus Greenfield

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  • Sylwia Bialek
  • Alfons J. Weichenrieder
  • Alfons Weichenrieder

Abstract

This study examines how environmental stringency affects the location decision of foreign direct investments. We analyze a firm-level data set on German outbound FDI and innovate on previous studies by controlling for the mode of entry and applying the mixed-logit analysis. The results show that Greenfield projects react to environmental regulation in a strongly different way than M&As. We find robust support for pollution haven hypothesis for polluting Greenfields. M&A investments in low polluting industries, on the other hand, seem to be attracted by stricter environmental regulation. We introduce a new instrumental variable for environmental stringency and apply it to verify the results.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylwia Bialek & Alfons J. Weichenrieder & Alfons Weichenrieder, 2015. "Do Stringent Environmental Policies Deter FDI? M&A versus Greenfield," CESifo Working Paper Series 5262, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5262
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    3. Bialek, Sylwia & Gregory, Jack & Revesz, Richard L., 2022. "Still your grandfather's boiler: Estimating the effects of the Clean Air Act's grandfathering provisions," Working Papers 05/2022, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    4. Hille, Erik & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Moosa, Imad, 2019. "The impact of FDI on regional air pollution in the Republic of Korea: A way ahead to achieve the green growth strategy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 308-326.
    5. Saussay, Aurélien & Zugravu-Soilita, Natalia, 2023. "International production chains and the pollution offshoring hypothesis: An empirical investigation," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Imad Moosa, 2019. "The Environmental Effects of FDI: Evidence from MENA Countries," Working Papers 1321, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Aug 2019.
    7. Sylwia Bialek & Alfons J. Weichenrieder, 2016. "Environmental Regulation and Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of Mode of Entry," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 13(04), pages 41-47, February.
    8. Ayesha Ashraf & Nadia Doytch, 2023. "Does investing abroad reduce the ecological footprints at home? Analysis of outward GFDI and M&A from developed and developing countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6689-6710, July.
    9. Carril-Caccia, Federico & Milgram Baleix, Juliette, 2024. "Impact of environmental regulation on M&As in the manufacturing sector," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    10. Sylwia Bialek & Alfons J. Weichenrieder, 2016. "Environmental Regulation and Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of Mode of Entry," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 13(4), pages 41-47, 02.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    FDI; environmental stringency; mixed logit; entry mode; PHH;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F64 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Environment
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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