Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2012

• Sun, Churen & Zhang, Tao, 2012, "Export, Productivity Pattern, and Firm Size Distribution," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 36742, Jan.
• Giraleas, Dimitris & Emrouznejad, Ali & Thanassoulis, Emmanuel, 2012, "Selecting between different productivity measurement approaches: An application using EU KLEMS data," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 37965, Mar.
• Hidalgo, Soraya & Núñez-Sánchez, Ramón, 2012, "Estimating allocative efficiency in port authorities with demand uncertainty," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 38136, Apr.
• Zhou, Qingtian, 2012, "市场竞争、管理层激励与股东权利对公司治理的影响: 基于零售行业上市公司的实证分析
  [The Effects of Market Competition, Managerial Incentives and Shareholders' Rights on Corporate Governance: Empirical Analysis Based on China's Listed Retail Firms]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 38598, Apr, revised May 2012.
• Raboy, David G. & Basher, Syed Abul & Hossain, Ishrat & Kaitibie, Simeon, 2012, "More efficient production subsidies for emerging agriculture in micro Arab states: a conceptual model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 38854, May.
• Li, Yan & Pittman, Russell, 2012, "The proposed merger of AT&T and T-Mobile: Are there unexhausted scale economies in U.S. mobile telephony?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 39043, Apr.
• Fratini, Saverio M., 2012, "Malinvaud on Wicksell’s legacy to capital theory: some critical remarks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 39574, Jun.
• Halkos, George & Kevork, Ilias, 2012, "Evaluating alternative frequentist inferential approaches for optimal order quantities in the newsvendor model under exponential demand," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 39650, Jun.
• Estrada, Fernando, 2012, "Ronald Coase y los costos de transacción
  [Ronald Coase and the transaction costs]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 39997, Jul.
• Halkos, George & Tzeremes, Nickolaos, 2012, "Measuring seaports’ productivity: A Malmquist productivity index decomposition approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 40174, Jul.
• Roth, Anne-Marie Monika & Popescu (Stingaciu), Ana-Maria, 2012, "The development of intangible assets through the cohesion policy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 40368.
• López, Alberto, 2012, "Productivity effects of ICTs and organizational change: A test of the complementarity hypothesis in Spain," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 40400, Jul.
• Bontempi, Maria Elena & Mammi, Irene, 2012, "A strategy to reduce the count of moment conditions in panel data GMM," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 40720, Aug.
• Halkos, George & Kevork, Ilias, 2012, "Unbiased estimation of maximum expected profits in the Newsvendor Model: a case study analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 40724, Aug.
• Kox, Henk L.M. & Leeuwen, George van, 2012, "Dynamic market selection in EU business services," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 41016, Sep.
• Kapopo, Vincent & Assa, Maganga, 2012, "Economic Analysis of Groundnut Production in Kasungu District, Malawi: A production Economics Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 41593, Sep.
• Xu, Jin & Zervopoulos, Panagiotis & Qian, Zhenhua & Cheng, Gang, 2012, "A universal solution for units-invariance in data envelopment analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 41633, Sep.
• Cheng, Gang & Zervopoulos, Panagiotis, 2012, "A generalized directional distance function in data envelopment analysis and its application to a cross-country measurement of health efficiency," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 42068, Jun.
• Tjandrawinata, Raymond R. & Simanjuntak, Destrina Grace, 2012, "Factors affecting productivity of research-based pharmaceutical companies following mergers and acquisitions," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 42514, Nov.
• Haller, Stefanie A. & Lyons, Sean, 2012, "Broadband adoption and firm productivity: evidence from Irish manufacturing firms," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 42626, Aug.
• Bonanno, Graziella, 2012, "L’efficienza del sistema bancario italiano dal 2006 al 2010. Un’applicazione delle frontiere stocastiche
  [The Efficiency of Italian Banking System over 2006-2010. An Application of the Stochastic Frontier Approach]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 42831, Nov.
• Harashima, Taiji, 2012, "A Theory of Intelligence and Total Factor Productivity: Value Added Reflects the Fruits of Fluid Intelligence," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 43151, Dec.
• Pavlyuk, Dmitry, 2012, "Airport Benchmarking and Spatial Competition: a Critical Review," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 43391.
• Delis, Manthos D & Iosifidi, Maria & Tsionas, Efthymios, 2012, "On the estimation of marginal cost," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 43514, Dec.
• Leon, Jorge, 2012, "Hábitos de Pago en Costa Rica
  [Payment Habits in Costa Rica]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45278, revised 2012.
• Leon, Jorge & Rodríguez, Adolfo, 2012, "Costos de Transacciones en Costa Rica
  [Costs of transactions in Costa Rica]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45279, revised 2012.
• Imori, Denise & Guilhoto, Joaquim José Martins & Postali, Fernando Antonio Slaibe, 2012, "Production efficiency of family farms and business farms in the Brazilian regions," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46995, Nov.
• Loaiza Quintero, Osmar Leandro & Franco Vásquez, Liliana Yaned, 2012, "Un estudio acerca de los determinantes de la productividad y la ineficiencia técnica en la industria colombiana, 1992-2007
  [Determinants of productivity and technical inefficiency in Colombia’s manufacturing, 1992-2007]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47736, Nov, revised 20 Jun 2013.
• Kogan, Anton, 2012, "Новации Оценки Локальной И Глобальной Эффективности Реальных Инвестиций
  [The new ways to estimate local and total efficiency]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47942, Dec.
• Skribans, Valerijs, 2012, "European Union Economy System Dynamic Model Development," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49170.
• Zuniga Gonzalez, Carlos Alberto, 2012, "Total factor productivity and Bio Economy effects," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49355, Apr, revised 13 Nov 2012.
• Nie, Huihua & Jiang, Ting & Yang, Rudai, 2012, "A Review and Reflection on the Use and Abuse of Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50945, Nov.
• Castiglione, Concetta & Infante, Davide, 2012, "ICTs and lags in technical efficiency gains. A stochastic frontier approach over a panel of Italian manufacturing firms," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 51071, Mar.
• Ceccobelli, Matteo & Gitto, Simone & Paolo, Mancuso, 2012, "ICT capital and labour productivity growth: A non-parametric analysis of 14 OECD countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68642.
• Vu, Linh Hoang, 2012, "Vietnam’s Agricultural Productivity: A Malmquist Index Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 94800.
• Jaromír Lazar & Simona Matušková, 2012, "Variabilní a fixní náklady z pohledu ekonomické teorie a podnikového ekonomického řízení
  [Variable and Fixed Costs from the Economic Theory and Company Management Perspective]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2012, issue 2, pages 245-264, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.840.
• Jan Hanousek & Evžen Kočenda & Michal Mašika, 2012, "Firemní efektivita: vliv vlastnických struktur a finančních ukazatelů
  [Corporate Efficiency: Effect of Ownership Structures and Financial Indicators]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2012, issue 4, pages 459-483, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.857.
• Jaroslav Wagner, 2012, "Rozlišení a chování variabilních a fixních nákladů
  [Recognition and Behavior of Variable and Fixed Costs]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2012, issue 5, pages 668-678, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.869.
• Allan Collard-Wexler & Jan De Loecker, 2012, "Reallocation and Technology: Evidence from the U.S. Steel Industry," Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies., number 1402, Sep.
• Orley Ashenfelter, 2012, "Comparing Real Wage Rates," Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section., number 1384, Mar.
• Sofia KOURTESI & Panos FOUSEKIS & Apostolos POLYMEROS, 2012, "Conditional Efficiency Estimation With Environmental Variables: Evidence From Greek Cereal Farms," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 11, issue 1, pages 43-52.
• Phil Wild & William Paul Bell & John Foster, 2012, "Impact of Carbon Prices: State Production Trends, Inter-state Trade and Carbon Emission Reduction Outcomes in the NEM over the period 2007- 2009," Energy Economics and Management Group Working Papers, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia, number 6-2012, Apr.
• Pierre Blanchard & Jean-Pierre Huiban & Claude Mathieu, 2012, "The determinants of firm exit in the French food industries," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, volume 93, issue 2, pages 193-212.
• Pierrick Jan & Markus Lips & Michel Dumondel, 2012, "Total factor productivity change of Swiss dairy farms in the mountain region in the period 1999 to 2008," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, volume 93, issue 3, pages 273-298.
• Berardino Palazzo & Gian Luca Clementi, 2012, "Investment and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns," 2012 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 543.
• Michael N.A. Hinton, 2012, "Infant Industry Protection and the Growth of Canada's Cotton Mills: A Test of the Chang Hypothesis," Working Paper series, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, number 55_12, Jul.
• Michele Battisti & Filippo Belloc & Massimo Del Gatto, 2012, "Unbundling Technology Adoption and TFP at the Firm Level. Do Intangibles Matter?," Working Paper series, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, number 71_12, Nov.
• Anis Bouzouita & Valérie Vierstraete & Mokhtar Kouki, 2012, "L’évaluation de l’efficience des institutions d’enseignement supérieur en Tunisie : le cas des Instituts supérieurs des études technologiques (ISET)," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, volume 88, issue 3, pages 347-360.
• Lorenzo Carbonari, 2012, "Quasi-fixed inputs in the Italian manufacturing: The case of the pharmaceutical industry," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 25, issue 1, pages 51-69.
• Sergei Aivazian & Mikhail Afanasiev & Victoria Rudenko, 2012, "Some specification aspects for three-factor models of a company's production potential taking into account intellectual capital," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 27, issue 3, pages 36-69.
• Yevhenii Shchetynin & Eugenia Nazrullaeva, 2012, "Effects of fixed capital investments on technical efficiency in food industry," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 28, issue 4, pages 63-84.
• Sayed Mohibul Hossen, 2012, "Statistical Analysis of Current Guava Production and Its Prospect in Bangladesh," Asian Business Review, Asian Business Consortium, volume 1, issue 1, pages 9-14.
• Md Lutfor Rahman & Mohammad Ruhul Amin & Md. Noman Siddikee, 2012, "Declaration Effect of Cash & Stock Dividends on Share Price: An Empirical Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange," Asian Business Review, Asian Business Consortium, volume 1, issue 1, pages 72-79.
• Bilkis Raihana, 2012, "Factor Substitution and Technical Change in Bangladesh Agriculture," Bangladesh Development Studies, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), volume 35, issue 4, pages 75-86.
• Mustafa Akal & Ali Kabasakal & Seyit M. Gokmenoglu, 2012, "Explaining Competitiveness of OECD Countries by Instituional and Mixed Models," Business and Economics Research Journal, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, volume 3, issue 1, pages 109-109.
• Yuen-Onn Choong, & Kee-Luen Wong, & Teck-Chai Lau, 2012, "Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Investigation on Academics of Malaysian Private Universities," Business and Economics Research Journal, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, volume 3, issue 2, pages 1-51.
• Franklin G. Mixon, Jr. & Tong Wu & Steven B. Caudill & Daniel M. Gropper & Valentina Hartarska, 2012, "Does Input Substitutability in Banking Differ across Accession and Non-Accession Countries in Central and Eastern Europe?," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 27, pages 195-205.
• Enrico Buglione & Vincenzo Patrizii, 2012, "Federalismo, costi standard ed efficienza," Rivista di Politica Economica, SIPI Spa, issue 1, pages 97-140, January-M.
• Petri Böckerman & Pekka Ilmakunnas, 2012, "The Job Satisfaction-Productivity Nexus: A Study Using Matched Survey and Register Data," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, volume 65, issue 2, pages 244-262, April, DOI: 10.1177/001979391206500203.
• S. S. Rajan & V. Pandit, 2012, "Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Indian Banking," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, volume 6, issue 4, pages 467-486, November, DOI: 10.1177/0973801012462122.
• Thelma R. Paris & Valerien O. Pede & Joyce S. Luis & Justin D. McKinley, 2012, "Determinants of Household Income: A Quantile Regression Approach for Four Rice-Producing Areas in the Philippines," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), volume 9, issue 2, pages 65-76, December.
• Barbara Dańska-Borsiak, 2012, "Konwergencja wojewódzkich wartości TFP. Zastosowanie panelowych testów pierwiastków jednostkowych," Collegium of Economic Analysis Annals, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, issue 26, pages 73-85.
• Ahmad Mohammad Hassan & Jorn Altmann & Victor Lopez, 2012, "Control Plane Framework Emergence and its Deployment Cost Estimation," TEMEP Discussion Papers, Seoul National University; Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program (TEMEP), number 201294, Jun, revised Jun 2012.
• Selam Abrham Gebregiorgis & Jorn Altmann, 2012, "IT Service Platforms: Their Value Creation Model and the Impact of their Level of Openness on their Adoption," TEMEP Discussion Papers, Seoul National University; Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program (TEMEP), number 201295, Jun, revised Jun 2012.
• Mehmet ÇOLAK & Aydın ULUCAN, 2012, "Mobilya Endüstrisinde Kârlılığı Etkileyen Faktörlerin UTADIS Yaklaşımı ile Belirlenmesi," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 17(17).
• Ajay Agarwal & Genevieve Giuliano & Christian Redfearn, 2012, "Strangers in our midst: the usefulness of exploring polycentricity," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, volume 48, issue 2, pages 433-450, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00168-012-0497-1.
• Aditi Bhattacharyya, 2012, "Adjustment of inputs and measurement of technical efficiency: A dynamic panel data analysis of the Egyptian manufacturing sectors," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 42, issue 3, pages 863-880, June, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-011-0467-y.
• Subal Kumbhakar & Kai Sun, 2012, "Estimation of TFP growth: a semiparametric smooth coefficient approach," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 43, issue 1, pages 1-24, August, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-011-0468-x.
• Boris Bravo-Ureta & William Greene & Daniel Solís, 2012, "Technical efficiency analysis correcting for biases from observed and unobserved variables: an application to a natural resource management project," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 43, issue 1, pages 55-72, August, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-011-0491-y.
• Tuomas Peltonen & Ricardo Sousa & Isabel Vansteenkiste, 2012, "Investment in emerging market economies," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 43, issue 1, pages 97-119, August, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-011-0457-0.
• Veerle Miranda & Marialuz Moreno Badia & Ilke Van Beveren, 2012, "Globalization drives strategic product switching," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), volume 148, issue 1, pages 45-72, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10290-011-0114-x.
• Richard Kneller & Danny McGowan & Tomohiko Inui & Toshiyuki Matsuura, 2012, "Closure within multi-plant firms: evidence from Japan," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), volume 148, issue 4, pages 647-668, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10290-012-0135-0.
• Jin XU & Panagiotis ZERVOPOULOS & Zhenhua QIAN & Gang CHENG, 2012, "A Universal Solution For Units - Invariance In Data Envelopment Analysis," Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, ASERS Publishing, volume 3, issue 2, pages 121-128.
• Erwin Diewert & Dennis Fixler & Kimberly Zieschang, 2012, "Problems with the Measurement of Banking Services in a National Accounting Framework," Discussion Papers, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales, number 2012-25, Apr.
• Sriram Shankar & B. Bhaskara Rao, 2012, "Estimates of the long-run growth rate of Singapore with a CES production function," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 19, issue 15, pages 1525-1530, October, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2011.637889.
• Tidiane Kinda, 2012, "Foreign ownership, sales to multinationals and firm efficiency: the case of Brazil, Morocco, Pakistan, South Africa and Vietnam," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 19, issue 6, pages 551-555, April, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2011.587765.
• D. Engel & V. Procher, 2012, "Export, FDI and firm productivity," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 44, issue 15, pages 1931-1940, May, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2011.556591.
• Donghyun Oh & Almas Heshmati & Hans Lööf, 2012, "Technical change and total factor productivity growth for Swedish manufacturing and service industries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 44, issue 18, pages 2373-2391, June, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2011.564147.
• Danny Leung & Yi Zheng, 2012, "What affects MFP in the long-run? Evidence from Canadian industries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 44, issue 6, pages 727-738, February, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2010.522522.
• László Halpern & Balázs Muraközy, 2012, "Innovation, productivity and exports: the case of Hungary," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 2, pages 151-173, January, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2011.561995.
• Ichiro Iwasaki & P�ter Csizmadia & Miklós Ill�ssy & Csaba Makó & Miklós Szanyi, 2012, "The Nested Variable Model of FDI Spillover Effects: Estimation Using Hungarian Panel Data," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 26, issue 4, pages 673-709, October, DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2012.719914.
• Sarbapriya Ray, 2012, "Measuring and Decomposing Sources of Productivity Performance in India's Paper and Pulp Industry under Liberalized Regime: A Nonparametric Approach," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, volume 5, issue 1, pages 147-171, April.
• Elisabeth Reiner, 2012, "The Stubai Co-operative: Using Local Roots for Global Competitiveness Abstract: The Stubai Co-operative, founded in 1897 by several craftsmen and steel manufacturing companies located in the Tyrolean Stubai Valley, has developed in one of the most su," Euricse Working Papers, Euricse (European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises), number 1228.
• Giulio Cainelli & Andrea Fracasso & Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti, 2012, "Spatial agglomeration and productivity in Italy: a panel smooth transition regression approach," Openloc Working Papers, Public policies and local development, number 1204.
• Bontemps, Christophe & Nauges, Céline & Réquillart, Vincent & Simioni, Michel, 2012, "Food Safety Regulation and Firm Productivity:Evidence from the French Food Industry," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 12-275, Jan.
• Graziano Abrate & Fabrizio Erbetta & Giovanni Fraquelli & Davide Vannoni, 2012, "The Costs of Corruption in the Italian Solid Waste Industry," Working papers, Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Sociali e Matematico-Statistiche), University of Torino, number 004, Apr.
• Graziano Abrate & Fabrizio Erbetta & Giovanni Fraquelli & Davide Vannoni, 2012, "Size and Density Economies in Refuse Collection," Working papers, Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Sociali e Matematico-Statistiche), University of Torino, number 009, Jul.
• Diewert, Erwin & Fixler, Dennis & Zieschang, Kimberly, 2012, "Problems with the Measurement of Banking Services in a National Accounting Framework," Economics working papers, Vancouver School of Economics, number erwin_diewert-2012-14, Apr, revised 04 Apr 2012.
• Diewert, Erwin & Yu, Emily, 2012, "A Canadian Business Sector Data Base and New Estimates of Canadian TFP Growth," Economics working papers, Vancouver School of Economics, number erwin_diewert-2012-29, Nov, revised 27 Nov 2012.
• Stefanie Haller, 2012, "Intra-firm trade, exporting, importing and firm performance," Open Access publications, School of Economics, University College Dublin, number 10197/9436, Nov.
• Alí Colina Rojas & Pilar Zarzosa Espina, 2012, "Comparative productivity analysis between labour-managed firms and conventional capitalist companies in Spain," Economía, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (IIES). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, Venezuela, volume 37, issue 33, pages 11-41, January-J.
• José Contreras & Andrés Santeliz & Oscar Carvallo, 2012, "Patterns of technical efficiency in the Venezuelan manufacturing sector (2007)," Economía, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (IIES). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, Venezuela, volume 37, issue 34, pages 121-137, july-dece.
• Claudia Curi & Cinzia Daraio & Patrick Llerena, 2012, "University Technology Transfer: How (in-)efficient are French universities?," Working Papers of BETA, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg, number 2012-02.
• Xi CHEN, 2012, "Estimation of the CES Production Function with Biased Technical Change: A Control Function Approach," Working Papers of BETA, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg, number 2012-20.
• Leonel Muinelo-Gallo, 2012, "Modelo estructural de función de producción. Un estudio empí­rico de la innovación en el sector manufacturero español," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers), Instituto de Economía - IECON, number 12-02, Mar.
• Francisco Galera & Isabel Rodríguez-Tejedo & Juan C. Molero, 2012, "Free Entry and Welfare with Different Firms," Faculty Working Papers, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Navarra, number 17/12, Nov.
• Teerawat Charoenrat & Charles Harvie, 2012, "Technical Efficiency of Thai Manufacturing SMEs: a Comparative Study of North-eastern Provinces," Economics Working Papers, School of Economics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia, number wp12-03.
• Susanto Basu & Luigi Pascali & Fabio Schiantarelli & Luis Serven, 2012, "Productivity and the welfare of nations," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1312, Mar.
• Gregory E. Frey & Hugo E. Fassola & A. Nahuel Pachas & Luis Colcombet & Santiago M. Lacorte & Mitch Renkow & Oscar Pérez & Frederick W. Cubbage, 2012, "A Within-Farm Efficiency Comparison of Silvopasture Systems with Conventional Pasture and Forestry in Northeast Argentina," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 88, issue 4, pages 639-657.
• Hernan J. Moscoso-Boedo & Pablo N. D’Erasmo, 2012, "Misallocation, Informality, and Human Capital," Virginia Economics Online Papers, University of Virginia, Department of Economics, number 401, Feb.
• Dimitriu, Mihail, 2012, "The Real Economy Of Romania In 2005 – 2010," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", volume 16, issue 2, pages 203-227.
• Dimitriu, Mihail, 2012, "The Real Economy Of Romania In 2005 – 2010 (Ii)," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", volume 16, issue 3, pages 158-170.
• Arnold, Jens Matthias & Javorcik, Beata & Lipscomb, Molly & Mattoo, Aaditya, 2012, "Services reform and manufacturing performance : evidence from India," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 5948, Jan.
• Basu, Susanto & Pascali, Luigi & Schiantarelli, Fabio & Serven, Luis, 2012, "Productivity and the welfare of nations," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 6026, Apr.
• Lubomir Lizal & Kamil Galu??????k, 2012, "The Impact of Capital Measurement Error Correction on Firm-Level Production Function Estimation," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan, number wp1026, Jan.
• Sumon Bhaumik & Ralitza Dimova & Subal C. Kumbhakar & Kai Sun, 2012, "Does Institutional Quality Affect Firm Performance? Insights from a Semi-Parametric Approach," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan, number wp1029, Feb.
• Daisuke Nakamura, 2012, "Social welfare, internal and external economies for integration of public services," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa12p331, Oct.
• Viroj Jienwatcharamongkhol & Mohammad Hossein Tavassoli, 2012, "Bridging Firm’s Innovation, Productivity and Export: An Analysis using Swedish CIS data," ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association, number ersa12p885, Oct.
• Philipp Harms & Oliver Lorz & Dieter Urban, 2012, "Offshoring along the production chain," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, volume 45, issue 1, pages 93-106, February, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2011.01688.x.
• Philipp J.H. Schröder & Allan Sørensen, 2012, "Second thoughts on the exporter productivity premium," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, volume 45, issue 4, pages 1310-1331, November, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2012.01742.x.
• Stefanie A. Haller, 2012, "Intra‐firm trade, exporting, importing, and firm performance," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, volume 45, issue 4, pages 1397-1430, November, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2012.01736.x.
• Qu Feng & William C. Horrace, 2012, "Alternative technical efficiency measures: Skew, bias and scale," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 27, issue 2, pages 253-268, March.
• Daniela Maggioni, 2012, "Learning by Exporting in Turkey: An Investigation for Existence and Channels," Global Economy Journal (GEJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 12, issue 2, pages 1-20, April, DOI: 10.1515/1524-5861.1865.
• Yevgeniya Shevtsova, 2012, "International Trade and Productivity: Does Destination Matter?," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of York, number 12/18, Jul.
• Engel, Dirk & Procher, Vivien, 2012, "Export, FDI and firm productivity," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 44, issue 15, pages 1931-1940.
• Gloede, Oliver & Rungruxsirivorn, Ornsiri, 2012, "Local Financial Development and Household Welfare: Microevidence from Thai Households," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Hannover 2010, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics, number 38 [rev.].
• Schwörer, Tillmann, 2012, "Offshoring, domestic outsourcing, and productivity: Evidence for a number of European countries," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 1786.
• Haug, Peter & Kauffmann, Albrecht & Kloss, M., 2012, "Größenvorteile im Bereich kommunaler Leistungen – Bericht zum 4. Halleschen Kolloquium zur kommunalen Wirtschaft," Wirtschaft im Wandel, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), volume 18, issue 6, pages 188-195.
• Schröder, Christoph, 2012, "Produktivität und Lohnstückkosten der Industrie im internationalen Vergleich," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, volume 39, issue 4, pages 19-37, DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.12-04-02.
• Chen, Shiyi & Härdle, Wolfgang Karl, 2012, "Dynamic activity analysis model based win-win development forecasting under the environmental regulation in China," SFB 649 Discussion Papers, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk, number 2012-002.
• Geys, Benny & Osterloh, Steffen, 2012, "Borders as boundaries to fiscal policy interactions? An empirical analysis of politicians' opinions on rivals in the competition for firms," Discussion Papers, Research Professorship & Project "The Future of Fiscal Federalism", WZB Berlin Social Science Center, number SP II 2012-113.
• Hottenrott, Hanna & Rexhäuser, Sascha & Veugelers, Reinhilde, 2012, "Green innovations and organizational change: Making better use of environmental technology," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 12-043.
• Maria Olivares & Andrea Schenker-Wicki, 2012, "The Dynamics of Productivity in the Swiss and German University Sector: A Non-Parametric Analysis that Accounts for Heterogeneous Production," Working Papers, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 309, Aug.

2011

• Dolores Añón Higón & Miguel Manjón Antolín & Juan A. Mañez, 2011, "Multinationals, R&D, and productivity: evidence for UK manufacturing firms," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, volume 20, issue 2, pages 641-659, April.
• Elena Huergo & Lourdes Moreno, 2011, "Does history matter for the relationship between R&D, innovation, and productivity?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, volume 20, issue 5, pages 1335-1368, October.
• Ryan Kellogg, 2011, "Learning by Drilling: Interfirm Learning and Relationship Persistence in the Texas Oilpatch," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, volume 126, issue 4, pages 1961-2004.
• Paliu - Popa Lucia & Dina Ionela-Claudia, 2011, "Basic Problems Concerning Budgeting in Coal Extraction Units," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 1583-1587, May.
• Srivastava Archana, 2011, "Rising Wage Inequality in India: a Translog Cost Function Analysis," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 1966-1970, May.
• Agoston Simona & Puia Ramona, 2011, "The Semantic Dynamics of the Intellectual Capital Concept," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 46-51, May.
• Golea Pompiliu & Balogh Petru, 2011, "Services Cost Analysis Under Risk," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 835-838, May.
• Anghelache Gabriela-Victoria & Olteanu Ana-Cornelia & Radu Alina-Nicoleta, 2011, "Capital Requirement under the Three Approaches for a Credit Institution in Romania," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 94-99, May.
• Istrate Luminita Gabriela, 2011, "Financing of Investments – A Starting Point for the Economy Development Practical Application of EOP Biodiesel," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 652-656, May.
• Luca Di Corato & Michele Moretto, 2011, "Investing in biogas: timing, technological choice and the value of flexibility from inputs mix," "Marco Fanno" Working Papers, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche "Marco Fanno", number 0134, Jun.
• Paolo Bertoletti & Giorgio Rampa, 2011, "On Marginal Returns and Inferior Inputs," Quaderni di Dipartimento, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, number 145, May.
• Pedro Herrera & Oscar Millones, 2011, "¿Cuál Es El Costo De La Contaminación Ambiental Minera Sobre Los Recursos Hídricos En El Perú?," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, number 2011-321.
• Shavkat Hasanov & Ahmed Mirza Nomman, 2011, "Agricultural efficiency under resources scarcity in Uzbekistan: A Data Envelopment Analysis," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, volume 4, issue 1, pages 81-87, January.
• Sorin-Iuliu Mangu & Carmen Daniela Mangu & Diana Cornelia Csiminga, 2011, "The Mining Projects - An Approach in Terms of Particularities of Use the Factor of Production “Capital”," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 11, issue 1, pages 137-144.
• Maria Nowicka-Skowron & Dejan Erić & Ivonne Grabara & Ioan Cosmescu, 2011, "Networking - The Urban and Regional Development Strategy?," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 11, issue 3, pages 205-218.
• Simon Commander & Zlatko Nikoloski, 2011, "Institutions and Economic Performance: What Can be Explained?," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, volume 2, issue 2.
• Abid A. Burki & Mushtaq A. Khan, 2011, "Formal Participation in a Milk Supply Chain and Technical Inefficiency of Smallholder Dairy Farms in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, volume 50, issue 1, pages 63-81.
• Sahar Amjad Shaikh & Bisma Haseeb Khan, 2011, "Factor Utilisation in Manufacturing: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, volume 50, issue 4, pages 515-529.
• Kox, Henk L.M. & Van Leeuwen, George & Van der Wiel, Henry, 2011, "Being numerous does not yield efficiency - Productivity and entry-exit determinants in European business services," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 106166, revised Sep 2011.
• Пигнастый, Олег, 2011, "Статистическая Двухуровневая Модель Технологического Процесса
  [Statistical two-level model of the production process]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109987, Apr, revised 21 Apr 2011.
• Todorova, Tamara, 2011, "The State as an Instrument of Transaction-Cost Economies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 117878, Nov.
• Harashima, Taiji, 2011, "A Model of Total Factor Productivity Built on Hayek’s View of Knowledge: What Really Went Wrong with Socialist Planned Economies?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 29107, Feb.
• Nathan, Max, 2011, "The Long Term Impacts of Migration in British Cities: Diversity, Wages, Employment and Prices," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 29465, Feb.
• Jiangyong, Lu & Yi, Lu & Zhigang, Tao, 2011, "Pure Exporter: Theory and Evidence," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 29966, Mar.
• Liu, Jing & Cao, Shutao, 2011, "Productivity Growth and Ownership Change in China: 1998-2007," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 30571, Apr.
• Mizobuchi, Hideyuki, 2011, "The returns to scale effect in labour productivity growth," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 31152, May.
• Rao, B. Bhaskara & Shankar, Sriram, 2011, "Estimates of the long-run growth rate of Singapore with a CES production function," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 31601, Jun.
• Sharma, Chandan, 2011, "R&D and productivity in the Indian pharmaceutical firms," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 31681, Feb.
• Pohit, Sanjib & Pal, Barun, 2011, "Productivity and technical change in Indian economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 32736, Jul.
• Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont, 2011, "Increasing returns and stability," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 33133, Sep.
• Liu, Jing & Cao, Shutao, 2011, "Productivity growth and ownership change in China: 1998-2007," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 33275, Apr, revised 04 Sep 2011.
• Chilarescu, Constantin & Viasu, Ioana Luciana, 2011, "A Semigroups Approach to the Study of a Second Order Partial Differential Equation Applied in Economics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 33908, Oct.
• Nakanishi, Yasuo, 2011, "It Capital And Economic Growth In Japan," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34178, Oct.
• Herani, Gobind M., 2011, "Mode of compensation to internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Thar coalfields areas of Sindh," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34191, Nov.
• Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont, 2011, "Matter matters: productivity, resources, and prices," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34225, Oct.
• Béjaoui Rouissi, Raoudha, 2011, "Cost and profit efficiency of french commercial banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34245, Oct.
• Liu, Jing & Cao, Shutao, 2011, "Productivity growth and ownership change in China: 1998-2007," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34601, Apr, revised 04 Sep 2011.
• Kox, Henk L.M. & Leeuwen, George van, 2011, "Measuring dynamic market selection by persistent scale inefficiencies - new methodology applied to EU business services," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 34986, Nov.
• Aldieri, Luigi, 2011, "Knowledge spillovers and productivity in Italian manufacturing firms," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 35018, Nov.
• Rana, Tariq Mehmood & Syed, Qamar Ali Zaidi & Muhmmad, Sajid & Herani, Gobind M., 2011, "The impact of human capital outsourcing on human capital management practices in Karachi pharmaceutical industry," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 35625, Dec.
• Faundez, Sebastian & Mulder, Nanno & Carpentier, Nicole, 2011, "Productivity growth in Latin American manufacturing: what role for international trade intensities?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 36507, Nov.
• Jorge Andres, Perdomo Calvo & Darrell Lee, Hueth & Jorge Andres, Perdomo Calvo, 2011, "Funciones de producción, análisis de economías a escala y eficiencia técnica en el eje cafetero colombiano: una aproximación con frontera estocástica
  [Estimation of the Production Functional Form, Returns to Scale and Technical Efficiency in Colom," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 37179, Jan.
• Giraleas, Dimitris & Emrouznejad, Ali & Thanassoulis, Emmanuel, 2011, "Productivity change using growth accounting and frontier-based approaches – Evidence from a Monte Carlo analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 37429, Jul.
• Ghossoub, Mario, 2011, "Monotone equimeasurable rearrangements with non-additive probabilities," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 37629, Oct, revised 23 Mar 2012.
• Vovk, Yuriy Ya., 2011, "Організаційно-Економічний Механізм Управління Раціональним Використанням Ресурсів
  [Organizational and economic mechanisms of rational use of resources]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 38066, May, revised May 2011.
• O’Mahony, Mary & Peng, Fei, 2011, "Intangible training capital and productivity in Europe," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 38648.
• De Nicola, Arianna & Gitto, Simone & Mancuso, Paolo, 2011, "A two-stage DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of the Italian health system," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 39126, Jun.
• Filippou, Miltiades & Zervopoulos, Panagiotis, 2011, "Developing a hybrid comparative optimization model for short-term forecasting: an ‘idle time interval’ roadmap for operational units’ strategic planning," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 41573, Aug.
• Dumitrescu, Constantin Dan & Tent, Ionut Dacian & Cornu, Georgica & Trandafir, Nicoleta & Irimie, Sabin Ioan, 2011, "Same aspects regarding production management in small and medium industries under European Community integration conditions," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50265, revised Sep 2011.
• Pihnastyi, Oleh, 2011, "Statistical two-level model of the production process," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 95698, Aug, revised 07 Aug 2011.
• Пигнастый, Олег, 2011, "Основные Положения Статистического Моделирования Технологических Процессов
  [The fundament of statistical modelling of technological processes]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 96197, Mar, revised 04 Mar 2011.
• Азаренков, Николай & Пигнастый, Олег & Ходусов, Валерий, 2011, "К Вопросу Подобия Технологических Процессов Производственно-Технических Систем
  [To the question of similarity of technological processes of production and technical systems]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 96362, Feb, revised 09 Feb 2011.
• Martin Dlouhý, 2011, "Alternative Production Models in Economic Theory
  [Aternativní modely produkce v ekonomické teorii]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2011, issue 5, pages 34-47, DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.345.
• Jarmila Zimmermannová, 2011, "Corporate Environmental Costs Connected with Legislative Compliance in the Czech Republic
  [Environmentální náklady podniku spojené s plněním legislativy v České republice]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2011, issue 5, pages 48-67, DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.346.
• Jiří Hammer, 2011, "Activity Based Costing as Way to Streamline Government
  [Activity Based Costing jako cesta k zefektivnění veřejných financí]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2011, issue 4, pages 119-130, DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.160.
• Jan Hanousek & Evžen Kočenda, 2011, "Rozsah integrovaného státního vlastnictví a vliv firemní kontroly na výkonnost českých podniků
  [Extent of the Integrated State Ownership and Effect of the State Control on Performance of Czech Firms]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2011, issue 1, pages 82-104, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.773.
• C.J. O’Donnell, 2011, "Econometric Estimation of Distance Functions and Associated Measures of Productivity and Efficiency Change," CEPA Working Papers Series, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia, number WP012011, Mar.
• C.J. O’Donnell & K. Nguyen, 2011, "An Econometric Approach To Estimating Support Prices And Measures Of Productivity Change In Public Hospitals," CEPA Working Papers Series, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia, number WP032011, Mar.
• Rachel Ngai & Roberto Samaniego, 2011, "Accounting for Research and Productivity Growth Across Industries," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, volume 14, issue 3, pages 475-495, July, DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2009.12.002.
• Matthias Kehrig, 2011, "The Cyclicality of Productivity Dispersion," 2011 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 484.
• Hernan J Moscoso Boedo & Asli Senkal & Pablo D'Erasmo, 2011, "Misallocation, Informality and Human Capital," 2011 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 881.
• Hemanta Saikia, 2011, "Economic Underdevelopment and Total Factor Growth in Small Scale Industries: Some Evidences from India," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, volume 14, issue 41, pages 81-105, September.
• Samia GHARBI, 2011, "Les Pme/Pmi En Algerie : Etat Des Lieux ; Sme/Smi In Algeria: Inventory Of Fixtures," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 238.
• Michael Hinton, 2011, "Was Canadian Manufacturing Inefficient before WWI? The Case of the Cotton Textile Industry, 1870-1910," Working Paper series, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, number 44_11, Sep.
• Jens Arnold & Stefano Scarpetta & Giuseppe Nicoletti, 2011, "Regulation, resource reallocation and productivity growth," EIB Papers, European Investment Bank, Economics Department, number 4/2011, Dec.
• Hubert Strauss & Besik Samkharadze, 2011, "ICT capital and productivity growth," EIB Papers, European Investment Bank, Economics Department, number 6/2011, Dec.
• Erik Brynjolfsson, 2011, "ICT, innovation and the e-economy," EIB Papers, European Investment Bank, Economics Department, number 8/2011, Dec.
• Barnes P, 2011, "Multifactor Productivity Growth Cycles at the Industry Level," Staff Working Papers, Productivity Commission, Government of Australia, number 112, Jul.
• Vasile DEAC & Gheorghe CARSTEA & Constantin BAGU & Florea PARVU & Florica BADEA, 2011, "The Management of the Industrial Maintenance at the International Level (I)," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, volume 12, issue 1, pages 30-48, March.