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Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes : quels facteurs d'évolutions en 25 ans ?

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  • Clara Champagne
  • Ariane Pailhé
  • Anne Solaz

Abstract

[fre] Au cours des dernières décennies, l’organisation domestique a été affectée par des évolutions majeures, telles que la montée de l’activité féminine et du niveau d’instruction, ou la réduction de la taille des familles. Cet article analyse de quelle manière les temps domestiques et parentaux des hommes et des femmes ont été modifiés par ces transformations depuis 1985. Il étudie les évolutions des moyennes et des distributions de ces deux usages du temps pour l’ensemble des personnes d’âge actif, et il porte un regard particulier sur les changements opérés au sein des couples. Au cours des 25 dernières années, les femmes ont consacré davantage de temps aux activités parentales, mais elles ont sensiblement réduit le temps dédié à l’entretien domestique. Cette baisse tient surtout aux changements de leurs pratiques, et dans une bien moindre mesure à la progression de l’activité féminine et aux changements des structures familiales. La réduction est plus notable pour les femmes qui consacrent le plus de temps à la sphère domestique. Les hommes se sont davantage impliqués dans l’éducation des enfants, les pères peu ou non participants devenant plus rares. Toutefois, la contribution des hommes aux autres tâches domestiques est demeurée stable. En 2010, les femmes effectuent ainsi la majorité des tâches ménagères et parentales – respectivement 71 % et 65 %. Cette inégale répartition montre des résistances à un partage plus égal des tâches. Au sein des couples, les comportements domestiques et parentaux sont liés positivement, mettant en évidence des exigences domestiques et préférences éducatives communes qui vont au‑delà de l’homogamie sociale ainsi qu’une moindre spécialisation des rôles conjugaux au fil du temps. Le nombre de couples dans lesquels l’homme réalise davantage de travail domestique que leur conjointe augmente, ils représentent un quart des couples en 2010.

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  • Clara Champagne & Ariane Pailhé & Anne Solaz, 2015. "Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes : quels facteurs d'évolutions en 25 ans ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 478(1), pages 209-242.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2015_num_478_1_10563
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2015.10563
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2015.10563
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    Cited by:

    1. Lamia Kandil & Hélène Perivier, 2017. "La division sexuée du travail dans les couples selon le statut marital en France - une étude à partir des enquêtes emploi du temps de 1985-1986, 1998-1999, et 2009-2010," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2017-03, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    2. Lamia Kandil & Hélène Périvier, 2017. "La division sexuée du travail dans les couples selon le statut marital en France," Working Papers hal-03457505, HAL.
    3. Tubaro, Paola & Coville, Marion & Le Ludec, Clément & Casilli, Antonio A., 2022. "Hidden inequalities: The gendered labour of women on micro-tasking platforms," Internet Policy Review: Journal on Internet Regulation, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG), Berlin, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26.
    4. Marta Pasqualini & Marta Dominguez Folgueras & Emanuele Ferragina & Olivier Godechot & Ettore Recchi & Mirna Safi, 2022. "Who took care of what? The gender division of unpaid work during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in France," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(34), pages 1007-1036.
    5. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/56j05jth3g9eoq20p24hjbt2um is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Catherine Sofer & Claire Thibout, 2019. "Women’s investment in career and the household division of labour," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(60), pages 6535-6557, December.
    7. Henri Martin & Hélène Périvier, 2018. "Les échelles d'équivalence à l'épreuve des nouvelles configurations familiales," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03604392, HAL.
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/56j05jth3g9eoq20p24hjbt2um is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Lamia Kandil & Hélène Périvier, 2017. "La division sexuée du travail dans les couples selon le statut marital en France," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03457505, HAL.
    10. Fiona Ottaviani, 2018. "Time in the Development of Indicators on Sustainable Wellbeing: A Local Experiment in Developing Alternative Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 53-73, January.
    11. Thomas Amossé & Joanie Cayouette-Remblière, 2022. "A New Nomenclature for French Statistics: The Household PCS [Une nouvelle nomenclature, la PCS Ménage]," Post-Print hal-03770348, HAL.
    12. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/445bs70a2o9ufavlerqnopsvg1 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/445bs70a2o9ufavlerqnopsvg1 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Gregor Bouville, 2019. "Choisir ses horaires et en payer le prix. Les horaires flexibles et la conciliation travail-famille des femmes salariées," Post-Print hal-03227072, HAL.
    15. Henri Martin & Hélène Périvier, 2018. "Les échelles d'équivalence à l'épreuve des nouvelles configurations familiales," Post-Print hal-03604392, HAL.
    16. Delphine Serre, 2017. "Class and Gender Relations in the Welfare State: The Contradictory Dictates of the Norm of Female Autonomy," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-10, May.

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