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Marchés avec coûts d'information sur la qualité des biens : une application aux produits écolabellisés

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  • Virginie Piguet
  • Douadia Bougherara

Abstract

[eng] Market-failure theory is often used to argue that eco-labeling is a way of increasing market efficiency. We show that, because of additional costs, this may not always be true. We identify three types of information costs regarding quality that may arise with an eco-label. We then measure the market’s ability to provide high-quality goods and buyers’ behavior toward information purchase in laboratory posted-offer markets with varying information costs. We find that markets with information costs are inefficient. For sellers, the probability of offering high-quality goods increases with expected profits but decreases with information costs. For buyers, even low information costs imply a significant surplus loss. We conclude that the function linking information purchase and product price is non-linear and depends on buyers’ beliefs about the relationship between product prices and quality. The design of eco-labels thus plays a crucial role in their success. [fre] La théorie des défaillances de marché est souvent utilisée pour montrer que les labels sur des biens de croyance augmentent l'efficacité des transactions. Or, ils peuvent avoir l’effet inverse en introduisant des coûts supplémentaires. Nous identifions trois sources potentielles de coûts d’information sur la qualité environnementale des biens. Ensuite, nous montrons expérimentalement l’inefficacité des marchés en présence de ces coûts. Pour les vendeurs, la probabilité de proposer de la qualité supérieure augmente avec l’espérance de gain et diminue avec les coûts d’information. Pour les acheteurs, même un coût faible réduit considérablement les surplus. Leur probabilité de demander l’information sur la qualité dépend du prix des unités dans une relation non linéaire, fonction des croyances sur la relation entre prix et qualité. Ainsi, la manière concrète dont l’écolabel est conçu joue un rôle crucial dans son succès.

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  • Virginie Piguet & Douadia Bougherara, 2008. "Marchés avec coûts d'information sur la qualité des biens : une application aux produits écolabellisés," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 182(1), pages 77-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2008_num_182_1_7753
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2008.7753
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2008.7753
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    1. Frédéric Salladarré & Patrice Guillotreau & Claire-Marine Lesage & Pierrick Ollivier, 2013. "Les préférences des consommateurs pour un écolabel. Le cas des produits de la mer en France," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 94(3), pages 369-363.
    2. Bougherara Douadia & Piguet Virginie, 2009. "Market Behavior with Environmental Quality Information Costs," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 7(2), pages 1-28, December.
    3. Salladarré Frédéric & Guillotreau Patrice & Perraudeau Yves & Monfort Marie-Christine, 2010. "The Demand for Seafood Eco-Labels in France," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-26, December.
    4. Eline Jongmans & Alain Jolibert & Julie Irwin, 2014. "Toujours plus, toujours mieux ? Effet contre-intuitif de l'évaluation des attributs environnementaux du produit par le consommateur," Post-Print halshs-01185784, HAL.

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