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Gender differences in the employment effects of climate policy

Author

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  • Curuk, Malik
  • Rozendaal, Rik
  • Wendler, Tobias

Abstract

This paper investigates gender differences in labor market responses to changes in energy prices in European regions. We use a shift-share instrumental variable approach to exploit exogenous variation in regions’ exposure to energy price shocks, which are a proxy for more stringent climate policy. We document a negative effect of energy prices on the employment rate for women but not for men, which leads to a rise in the gender gap in employment rates and persists beyond the short-run. Exploring the mechanisms, we find evidence that the gendered employment responses are stronger in clerical occupations, for workers with low education and for cohabiting women. Women also exhibit a lower increase in cross-regional commuting in response to energy price increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Curuk, Malik & Rozendaal, Rik & Wendler, Tobias, 2025. "Gender differences in the employment effects of climate policy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:145:y:2025:i:c:s014098832500218x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108394
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