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Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Sentencing: Evidence from the U.S. Federal Courts

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Vickers, Chris, 2016. "Socioeconomic status and judicial disparities in England and Wales, 1870–1910," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 32-53.
  2. Mariana Mart√≠nez & Fabio SÔøΩnchez T. & Holly Kosiewicz, 2007. "Is justice blind? An examination of disparities in homicide sentencing in Colombia, 1980-2000," Documentos CEDE 4460, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  3. Shumway, Clayson & Wilson, Riley, 2022. "Workplace disruptions, judge caseloads, and judge decisions: Evidence from SSA judicial corps retirements," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
  4. Brendon McConnell & Imran Rasul, 2021. "Contagious Animosity in the Field: Evidence from the Federal Criminal Justice System," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 39(3), pages 739-785.
  5. Chris Birdsall & Seth Gershenson & Raymond Zuniga, 2020. "The Effects of Demographic Mismatch in an Elite Professional School Setting," Education Finance and Policy, MIT Press, vol. 15(3), pages 457-486, Summer.
  6. Nadia Campaniello, 2019. "Women in crime," World of Labour, LISER, pages 105-105, July.
  7. Gale Iles, 2009. "The Effects of Race/Ethnicity and National Origin on Length of Sentence in the United States Virgin Islands," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 623(1), pages 64-76, May.
  8. Leonardo Felli & Leeat Yariv & Allan Collard-Wexler & Mariagiovanna Baccara, 2010. "Gender and Racial Biases: Evidence from Child Adoption," 2010 Meeting Papers 273, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  9. Joshua B. Fischman & Max M. Schanzenbach, 2012. "Racial Disparities Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: The Role of Judicial Discretion and Mandatory Minimums," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(4), pages 729-764, December.
  10. Beth A. Freeborn & Monica E. Hartmann, 2010. "Judicial Discretion and Sentencing Behavior: Did the Feeney Amendment Rein in District Judges?," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(2), pages 355-378, June.
  11. Simone Bertoli & Morgane Laouenan & Jérôme Valette, 2022. "Border Apprehensions and Federal Sentencing of Hispanic Citizens in the United States," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03818735, HAL.
  12. Andrew W. Nutting, 2015. "Squealer Dealers: The Market For Information In Federal Drug Trafficking Prosecutions," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 53(1), pages 486-507, January.
  13. Chester L. Britt, 2009. "Modeling the Distribution of Sentence Length Decisions Under a Guidelines System: An Application of Quantile Regression Models," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 341-370, December.
  14. Goulette, Natalie & Wooldredge, John & Frank, James & Travis, Lawrence, 2015. "From Initial Appearance to Sentencing: Do Female Defendants Experience Disparate Treatment?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 43(5), pages 406-417.
  15. Ozkan Eren & Naci H. Mocan, 2020. "Judge Peer Effects in the Courthouse," NBER Working Papers 27713, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  16. Kristin F. Butcher & Kyung H. Park & Anne Morrison Piehl, 2017. "Comparing Apples to Oranges: Differences in Women’s and Men’s Incarceration and Sentencing Outcomes," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 35(S1), pages 201-234.
  17. Sarah Marx Quintanar, 2011. "Do Driver Decisions in Traffic Court Motivate Police Discrimination in Issuing Speeding Tickets?," Departmental Working Papers 2011-13, Department of Economics, Louisiana State University.
  18. Shana M. Judge & Jenna L. Dole, 2022. "Charging sex traffickers under federal law: What dispositions should we expect when applying theories on prosecutorial decision‐making?," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 677-715, September.
  19. Artūras Tereškinas & Rūta Vaičiūnienė & Liubovė Jarutienė, 2022. "Gender and Sentencing in Lithuania: More Mercy for Women?," Laws, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, September.
  20. Shamena Anwar & Patrick Bayer & Randi Hjalmarsson, 2012. "The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 127(2), pages 1017-1055.
  21. Max Schanzenbach, 2005. "Racial and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: The Effect of District-Level Judicial Demographics," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(1), pages 57-92, January.
  22. Xia Wang & Daniel P. Mears, 2010. "A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 191-215, June.
  23. Bjerk, David J. & Helland, Eric, 2017. "Using a Ratio Test to Estimate Racial Differences in Wrongful Conviction Rates," IZA Discussion Papers 10631, IZA Network @ LISER.
  24. Bryan Holmes & Ben Feldmeyer, 2024. "Modeling Matters: Comparing the Presumptive Sentence Versus Base Offense Level Approaches for Estimating Racial/Ethnic Effects on Federal Sentencing," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 395-420, June.
  25. Williams, Jenny & Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo & Smart, Rosanna, 2019. "De Facto or De Jure? Ethnic Differences in Quit Responses to Legal Protections of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries," IZA Discussion Papers 12114, IZA Network @ LISER.
  26. Ramos Maqueda,Manuel & Chen,Daniel Li, 2021. "The Role of Justice in Development : The Data Revolution," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9720, The World Bank.
  27. Shawn D. Bushway & Emily G. Owens & Anne Morrison Piehl, 2012. "Sentencing Guidelines and Judicial Discretion: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from Human Calculation Errors," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(2), pages 291-319, June.
  28. Bekkerman, Anton & Gilpin, Gregory A., 2014. "Can equitable punishment be mandated? Estimating impacts of sentencing guidelines on disciplinary disparities," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 51-61.
  29. Shawn D. Bushway & Anne Morrison Piehl, 2011. "Location, Location, Location: The Impact of Guideline Grid Location on the Value of Sentencing Enhancements," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(s1), pages 222-238, December.
  30. Eduardo Gandelman & Nestor Gandelman & Julie Rothschild, 2008. "Diferencias entre los sexos en los procedimientos judiciales: Pruebas de campo de causas de vivienda en Uruguay," Research Department Publications 3251, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
  31. Samantha Bielen & Wim Marneffe & Naci H. Mocan, 2018. "Racial Bias and In-group Bias in Judicial Decisions: Evidence from Virtual Reality Courtrooms," NBER Working Papers 25355, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  32. Vadim Volkov, 2016. "Legal and Extralegal Origins of Sentencing Disparities: Evidence from Russia's Criminal Courts," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(4), pages 637-665, December.
  33. Ash, Elliott & Asher, Sam & Bhowmick, Aditi & Bhupatiraju, Sandeep & Chen, Daniel L. & Goessmann, Christoph & Novosad, Paul & Siddiqi, Bilal & Devi, Tanaya, 2022. "Measuring Gender and Religious Bias in the Indian Judiciary," TSE Working Papers 22-1395, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  34. John MacDonald & Jeremy Arkes & Nancy Nicosia & Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, 2014. "Decomposing Racial Disparities in Prison and Drug Treatment Commitments for Criminal Offenders in California," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 43(1), pages 155-187.
  35. Philippe, Arnaud, 2017. "Gender disparities in criminal justice," TSE Working Papers 17-762, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  36. Bindler, Anna Louisa & Hjalmarsson, Randi & Machin, Stephen Jonathan & Rubio, Melissa, 2023. "Murphy's Law or luck of the Irish? Disparate treatment of the Irish in 19th century courts," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121339, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  37. Shawn D. Bushway & Allison D. Redlich, 2012. "Is Plea Bargaining in the “Shadow of the Trial” a Mirage?," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 437-454, September.
  38. Ulrika Ahrsjö & Susan Niknami & Mårten Palme, 2024. "Identity in Court Decision-Making," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 142-164, November.
  39. Bjørkheim, Julie Brun & Nygård, Odd E., 2024. "Gender Differences in Tax Evasion: Evidence from Norwegian Administrative Data," Discussion Papers 2024/8, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
  40. Chen, Daniel L., 2018. "Judicial Analytics and the Great Transformation of American Law," TSE Working Papers 18-974, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  41. Andrew W. Nutting, 2013. "The Booker Decision And Discrimination In Federal Criminal Sentences," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 51(1), pages 637-652, January.
  42. Bhati, Avinash, 2009. "Motivational structures underlying judicial discretion: An information theoretic investigation," MPRA Paper 57834, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  43. Arnaud Philippe, 2020. "Gender Disparities in Sentencing," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 87(348), pages 1037-1077, October.
  44. Francis X. Flanagan, 2015. "Peremptory Challenges and Jury Selection," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(2), pages 385-416.
  45. David S. Abrams & Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2012. "Do Judges Vary in Their Treatment of Race?," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 41(2), pages 347-383.
  46. Chen, Daniel L., 2018. "Judicial Analytics and the Great Transformation of American Law," IAST Working Papers 18-87, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST).
  47. Wayne Geerling & Gary Magee & Paul A. Raschky & Russell Smyth, 2020. "Bad News From The Front And From Above: Bombing Raids, Military Fatalities And The Death Penalty In Nazi Germany," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 58(3), pages 1450-1468, July.
  48. Nancy Nicosia & John M. MacDonald & Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, 2017. "Does Mandatory Diversion to Drug Treatment Eliminate Racial Disparities in the Incarceration of Drug Offenders? An Examination of California’s Proposition 36," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 179-205, March.
  49. Ramos-Maqueda, Manuel & Chen, Daniel L., 2025. "The data revolution in justice," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
  50. Anna Bindler & Randi Hjalmarsson & Stephen Machin & Melissa Rubio-Ramos, 2026. "Disparate Treatment of the Irish in 19th Century English Courtrooms," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0087, Berlin School of Economics.
  51. Ryon, Stephanie Bontrager & Chiricos, Ted & Siennick, Sonja E. & Barrick, Kelle & Bales, William, 2017. "Sentencing in light of collateral consequences: Does age matter?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1-11.
  52. Nancy Nicosia & John M. MacDonald & Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, 2012. "Does Mandatory Diversion to Drug Treatment Eliminate Racial Disparities in the Incarceration of Drug Offenders? An Examination of California's Proposition 36," NBER Working Papers 18518, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  53. Eduardo Gandelman & Nestor Gandelman & Julie Rothschild, 2006. "Gender differentials in judicial proceedings: field evidence from housing related cases in Uruguay," Documentos de Investigación 31, Universidad ORT Uruguay. Facultad de Administración y Ciencias Sociales.
  54. Rhys Hester & Todd K. Hartman, 2017. "Conditional Race Disparities in Criminal Sentencing: A Test of the Liberation Hypothesis From a Non-Guidelines State," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 77-100, March.
  55. Anna Bindler & Randi Hjalmarsson, 2020. "The Persistence of the Criminal Justice Gender Gap: Evidence from 200 Years of Judicial Decisions," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(2), pages 297-339.
  56. Thomas J. Miles, 2012. "Racial Disparities in Wiretap Applications before Federal Judges," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 41(2), pages 419-458.
  57. Chen, Daniel L., 2018. "Machine Learning and Rule of Law," IAST Working Papers 18-88, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST).
  58. Bodenhorn, Howard, 2009. "Criminal sentencing in 19th-century Pennsylvania," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 287-298, July.
  59. Stephanie Wallace & Brian Francis, 2025. "Developing a Complete Sentence Severity Scale using Extended Goodman RC models," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 75-102, March.
  60. Chu, Hongli & Sun, Shengmin & Wei, Jian, 2024. "Fiscal pressure and judicial decisions: Evidence from financial penalties for official corruption in China," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  61. Anne Morrison Piehl & Shawn D. Bushway, 2007. "Measuring and Explaining Charge Bargaining," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 105-125, June.
  62. Patrick Bayer & Randi Hjalmarsson & Shamena Anwar, 2010. "Jury Discrimination in Criminal Trials," Working Papers 10-57, Duke University, Department of Economics.
  63. Libman Alexander & Schultz André & Graeber Thomas, 2016. "Tax Return as a Political Statement," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(2), pages 377-445, July.
  64. Sarnikar, Supriya & Sorensen, Todd A. & Oaxaca, Ronald L., 2007. "Do You Receive a Lighter Prison Sentence Because You Are a Woman? An Economic Analysis of Federal Criminal Sentencing Guidelines," IZA Discussion Papers 2870, IZA Network @ LISER.
  65. Chen, Daniel L., 2018. "Machine Learning and the Rule of Law," TSE Working Papers 18-975, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  66. Ward, Jeffrey T. & Hartley, Richard D. & Tillyer, Rob, 2016. "Unpacking gender and racial/ethnic biases in the federal sentencing of drug offenders: A causal mediation approach," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 196-206.
  67. Bontrager Ryon, Stephanie, 2013. "Gender as social threat: A study of offender sex, situational factors, gender dynamics and social control," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 426-437.
  68. Talia Fisher & Tamar Kricheli‐Katz & Issi Rosen‐Zvi & Theodore Eisenberg, 2016. "He Paid, She Paid: Exploiting Israeli Courts' Rulings on Litigation Costs to Explore Gender Biases," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(3), pages 536-561, September.
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