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Does FinTech Substitute for Banks? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Sabrina T. Howell & Theresa Kuchler & David Snitkof & Johannes Stroebel & Jun Wong, 2024. "Lender Automation and Racial Disparities in Credit Access," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1457-1512, April.
  2. Minnis, Michael & Sutherland, Andrew G. & Vetter, Felix W., 2024. "Financial statements not required," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2).
  3. Velic, Adnan, 2025. "Relative finance wages and inequality: A role for intangibles?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  4. Andreas Fuster & Aurel Hizmo & Lauren Lambie-Hanson & James Vickery & Paul S. Willen, 2021. "How Resilient Is Mortgage Credit Supply? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Papers 21-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  5. Berger, Allen N. & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, 2021. "Banking research in the time of COVID-19," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  6. Eric Alexander Sugandi, 2021. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Indonesia’s Fintech Markets," ADBI Working Papers 1281, Asian Development Bank Institute.
  7. Itzhak Ben-David & Mark J. Johnson & René M. Stulz, 2021. "Models Behaving Badly: The Limits of Data-Driven Lending," NBER Working Papers 29205, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  8. Orkun Saka & Barry Eichengreen & Cevat Giray Aksoy, 2022. "Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(7), pages 1913-1940, October.
  9. Hartarska, Valentina M. & Zhang, Jingfang & Nadolnyak, Denis A., 2023. "Scope Economies from Rural and Urban Microfinance Services," 2023 Annual Meeting, July 23-25, Washington D.C. 335439, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  10. Karakaplan, Mustafa U., 2021. "This time is really different: The multiplier effect of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) on small business bank loans," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
  11. Duchin, Ran & Martin, Xiumin & Michaely, Roni & Wang, Hanmeng, 2022. "Concierge treatment from banks: Evidence from the paycheck protection program," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  12. Robert Fairlie, 2024. "The impacts of COVID‐19 on racial inequality in business earnings," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 258-288, January.
  13. Zeynep Alraqeb & Peter Knaack & Camille Macaire, 2022. "Does FinTech Promote Entrepreneurship? Evidence from China," Working papers 895, Banque de France.
  14. Ferreira, Miguel A. & Eça, Afonso & Prado, Melissa Porras & Rizzo, A. Emanuele, 2022. "The real effects of FinTech lending on SMEs: evidence from loan applications," Working Paper Series 2639, European Central Bank.
  15. Robert W. Fairlie & Frank Fossen, 2021. "Did the $660 Billion Paycheck Protection Program and $220 Billion Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program Get Disbursed to Minority Communities in the Early Stages of COVID-19?," NBER Working Papers 28321, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  16. Gregory E. Elliehausen & Simona Hannon, 2023. "FinTech and Banks: Strategic Partnerships That Circumvent State Usury Laws," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-056, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  17. Brandon Goldstein & Julapa Jagtiani & Catharine Lemieux, 2023. "Did Fintech Loans Default More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Were Fintech Firms “Cream-Skimming” the Best Borrowers?," Working Papers 23-26, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  18. Alperovych, Yan & Divakaruni, Anantha & Le Grand, François, 2022. "FinTech Lending under Austerity," SocArXiv atsk9, Center for Open Science.
  19. repec:aei:rpaper:1008582843 is not listed on IDEAS
  20. Cornelli, Giulio & Frost, Jon & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2024. "The impact of fintech lending on credit access for U.S. small businesses," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  21. Tan, Changchun & Mo, Lingyu & Wu, Xiaomeng & Zhou, Peng, 2024. "Fintech development and corporate credit risk: Evidence from an emerging market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  22. Elliehausen, Gregory & Hannon, Simona M., 2024. "FinTech and banks: Strategic partnerships that circumvent state usury laws," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  23. Hannon, Simona, 2024. "Essays on consumer finance," Other publications TiSEM 4958b451-b30a-4957-9763-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  24. Sriya Anbil & Mark A. Carlson & Mary-Frances Styczynski, 2021. "The Effect of the PPPLF on PPP Lending by Commercial Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-030, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  25. Rachel Atkins & Lisa Cook & Robert Seamans, 2022. "Discrimination in lending? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 843-865, February.
  26. repec:osf:socarx:b6nv3_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  27. Glenn Hubbard & Michael R. Strain, 2020. "Has the Paycheck Protection Program Succeeded?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(3 (Fall)), pages 335-390.
  28. Valentina Hartarska & Jingfang Zhang & Denis A. Nadolnyak, 2023. "Scope economies from rural and urban microfinance services," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 89(4), pages 1138-1167, April.
  29. repec:osf:osfxxx:m4tps_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  30. Greenwald, Daniel L. & Howell, Sabrina T. & Li, Cangyuan & Yimfor, Emmanuel, 2024. "Regulatory arbitrage or random errors? Implications of race prediction algorithms in fair lending analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  31. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Mr. Nicola Pierri & Mr. Yannick Timmer, 2021. "Does IT Help? Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," IMF Working Papers 2021/214, International Monetary Fund.
  32. Treu, Johannes, 2022. "FinTech, General Purpose Technology und Wohlfahrt," IU Discussion Papers - Business & Management 5 (Juni 2022), IU International University of Applied Sciences.
  33. Tobias Berg & Andreas Fuster & Manju Puri, 2022. "FinTech Lending," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 187-207, November.
  34. Naoyuki Iwashita, 2022. "Why Fintech Is Not Changing Japanese Banking," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 17(2), pages 297-310, July.
  35. Lopez, Jose A. & Spiegel, Mark M., 2023. "Small business lending under the PPP and PPPLF programs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
  36. Tetyana Balyuk & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Manju Puri, 2020. "Indirect Costs of Government Aid and Intermediary Supply Effects: Lessons From the Paycheck Protection Program," NBER Working Papers 28114, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  37. Allen N. Berger & Onesime Epouhe & Raluca Roman, 2021. "A Tale of Two Bailouts: Effects of TARP and PPP on Subprime Consumer Debt," Working Papers 21-32, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  38. Sally Chen & Derryl D'Silva & Frank Packer & Siddharth Tiwari, 2022. "Virtual banking and beyond," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 120, May.
  39. Anna Cororaton & Samuel Rosen, 2021. "Public Firm Borrowers of the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program [The risk of being a fallen angel and the corporate dash for cash in the midst of COVID]," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 641-693.
  40. Granja, João & Makridis, Christos & Yannelis, Constantine & Zwick, Eric, 2022. "Did the paycheck protection program hit the target?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 725-761.
  41. Rasha Ashraf, 2024. "Bank Customer Churn Prediction Using Machine Learning Framework," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(4), pages 1-5.
  42. Kumuditha D Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage & Denis Nadolnyak & Valentina Hartarska, 2022. "Financial Inclusion of Rural and Urban Households and the Dodd-Frank Act," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(11), pages 1-90, November.
  43. Sergey Chernenko & David S. Scharfstein, 2022. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program," NBER Working Papers 29748, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  44. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Nicola Pierri & Yannick Timmer, 2026. "Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(3), pages 1796-1813, March.
  45. Orkun Saka & Barry Eichengreen & Cevat Giray Aksoy, 2021. "Epidemic Exposure, Fintech Adoption, and the Digital Divide," NBER Working Papers 29006, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  46. Desi Volker, 2022. "The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 28(1), July.
  47. Yuan, Gecheng & Fang, Jie & Sun, Yongping, 2024. "The impact of Fintech on the nexus between household debt and financial crises: A global perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
  48. repec:osf:socarx:atsk9_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  49. Chunyu Qu, 2025. "Structure, Risk, and Access to Credit: Reassessment of the Paycheck Protection Program Effectiveness," Papers 2512.21547, arXiv.org.
  50. Lei Li & Philip Strahan, 2020. "Who Supplies PPP Loans (And Does it Matter)? Banks, Relationships and the COVID Crisis," NBER Working Papers 28286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  51. Hasan, Iftekhar & Li, Xiang & Takalo, Tuomas, 2023. "Technological innovation and the bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission," BOFIT Discussion Papers 9/2023, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
  52. Paul Beaumont & Huan Tang & Eric Vansteenberghe, "undated". "Effets collatéraux : le rôle des Fintechs dans le financement des petites et moyennes entreprises," Analyse et synthèse 157, Banque de France.
  53. Shah, Waheed Ullah & Younis, Ijaz & Missaoui, Ibtissem & Liu, Xiyu, 2025. "Environmental transitions effect of renewable energy and fintech markets on Europe's real estate stock market," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
  54. Feng, Ling & Li, Zhiyuan & Liu, Yixuan & Zhou, Yahong, 2025. "Did FinTech steal the cheese of banks? Evidence from Chinese firm exports," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  55. Arora, Parush & Tran, Derek, 2025. "Central bank intervention and bank liquidity: Evidence from the paycheck protection program," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  56. Malkova, Alina & Weng, Alex, 2024. "Beyond banks: Navigating the shift to peer-to-peer lending for small enterprises," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(4).
  57. repec:ags:aaea22:335439 is not listed on IDEAS
  58. Divakaruni, Anantha & Alperovych, Yan & Le Grand, François, 2022. "FinTech Lending under Austerity," OSF Preprints m4tps, Center for Open Science.
  59. Fabrizio Core & Filippo De Marco, 2024. "Information Technology and Credit: Evidence from Public Guarantees," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(9), pages 6202-6219, September.
  60. Ströbel, Johannes & Howell, Sabrina & Kuchler, Theresa & Snitkof, David, 2021. "Racial Disparities in Access to Small Business Credit: Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," CEPR Discussion Papers 16623, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  61. Karaman, Hakkı Deniz & Savaser, Tanseli & Tiniç, Murat & Tumer-Alkan, Gunseli, 2021. "Financial technology in developing economies: A note on digital lending in Turkey," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
  62. Paul Beaumont & Huan Tang & Éric Vansteenberghe, 2024. "Collateral Effects: The Role of FinTech in Small Business Lending [Effets collatéraux : le rôle des Fintechs dans le financement des petites et moyennes entreprises]," Débats Economiques et financiers 42, Banque de France.
  63. Marcelin, I. & Sun, W. & Teclezion, M. & Junarsin, E., 2022. "Financial inclusion and bank risk-taking: the effect of information sharing," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  64. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  65. Chernoff, Alan & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2024. "The role of bank–FinTech partnerships in creating a more inclusive banking system," Journal of Digital Banking, Henry Stewart Publications, vol. 8(4), pages 330-354, March.
  66. David Glancy, 2025. "Bank Relationships and the Geography of PPP Lending," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 67(3), pages 157-186, June.
  67. David Autor & David Cho & Leland D. Crane & Mita Goldar & Byron Lutz & Joshua Montes & William B. Peterman & David Ratner & Daniel Villar & Ahu Yildirmaz, 2022. "The $800 Billion Paycheck Protection Program: Where Did the Money Go and Why Did It Go There?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 36(2), pages 55-80, Spring.
  68. Imad A. Moosa, 2022. "Fintech," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 21229, June.
  69. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Su, Dan & Yu, Changhua, 2024. "Bigtech credit, small business, and monetary policy transmission: Theory and evidence," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2024.
  70. Orkun Saka & Barry Eichengreen & Cevat Giray Aksoy, 2022. "Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(7), pages 1913-1940, October.
  71. Desi Volker, 2021. "COVID Response: The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility," Staff Reports 978, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
  72. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  73. Teng, Mingming & Shen, Minghao, 2023. "Fintech and energy efficiency: Evidence from OECD countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  74. Iryna Demko & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2023. "Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Amounts," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 211-229, August.
  75. Adnan Velic, 2023. "Wages and the Role of Intangibles in Finance," Trinity Economics Papers tep0323, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
  76. Robert Fairlie & Frank M. Fossen, 2022. "Did the Paycheck Protection Program and Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program get disbursed to minority communities in the early stages of COVID-19?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 829-842, February.
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