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Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux États-Unis: Évolutions mises en perspective avec celles de la France et de la Suède

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  • Hélène Périvier

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

En s’appuyant sur la littérature existante, cet article décrit les transformations de la position des femmes sur le marché du travail aux États-Unis tant sous l’angle quantitatif que qualitatif. Les tendances sont mises en perspectives avec celles qu’ont connues la France et la Suède. Globalement, les inégalités entre les sexes dans la sphère professionnelle se sont fortement résorbées sur une longue période. Mais en moyenne elles restent plus marquées aux États-Unis qu’en Suède et qu’en France, même si les Américaines les plus qualifiées bénéficient d’un traitement plus favorable du point de vue du déroulement de carrière que leurs homologues françaises et suédoises. Deux traits marquants ressortent de cette étude. Tout d’abord la réduction moyenne des inégalités entre les sexes aux États-Unis s’est appuyée sur l’explosion des inégalités sociales à partir des années 1980. Ensuite, cette réduction des inégalités entre les sexes ne concerne pas toutes les femmes : pour les moins qualifiées les améliorations sont modestes, voire inexistantes sur certains points, et donc les inégalités entre les femmes qualifiées et celles n’ayant pas de diplôme ont augmenté.

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  • Hélène Périvier, 2009. "Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux États-Unis: Évolutions mises en perspective avec celles de la France et de la Suède," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompq, Sciences Po.
    • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09hahqp4sa4
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Emploi des femmes; Maternité; Inégalités entre les sexes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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