IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/111311.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

When government expenditure meets bank regulation: The impact of government expenditure on credit supply

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Boyao

Abstract

I develop a banking model to examine the effects of government expenditures on the credit and money supply under Basel III regulations. Purchases of goods and services from real firms or transfer payments to households as conventional government expenditures (CGEs) inject reserves into banks. Purchases of equity from banks as unconventional government expenditures (UGEs) inject equity into banks. Three Basel III regulations are examined: the capital adequacy ratio, liquidity coverage ratio, and net stable funding ratio. My results demonstrate that the CGE or UGE causes multiplier effects on the credit supply. The multiplier greater (less) than one means that banks amplify (contract) the government expenditure. Multiplier effects on the money supply in response to the CGE or UGE are also presented. My paper sheds considerable light on how government expenditure and bank regulation simultaneously affect the credit and money supply.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Boyao, 2021. "When government expenditure meets bank regulation: The impact of government expenditure on credit supply," MPRA Paper 111311, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:111311
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/111311/1/MPRA_paper_111311.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113664/1/MPRA_paper_113664.pdf
    File Function: revised version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Atif Mian & Amir Sufi, 2018. "Finance and Business Cycles: The Credit-Driven Household Demand Channel," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 32(3), pages 31-58, Summer.
    2. Kollmann, Robert & Ratto, Marco & Roeger, Werner & in′t Veld, Jan, 2013. "Fiscal policy, banks and the financial crisis," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 387-403.
    3. Alan J. Auerbach & Maurice Obstfeld, 2005. "The Case for Open-Market Purchases in a Liquidity Trap," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(1), pages 110-137, March.
    4. Balasubramanyan, Lakshmi & VanHoose, David D., 2013. "Bank balance sheet dynamics under a regulatory liquidity-coverage-ratio constraint," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 53-67.
    5. Gertler, Mark & Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro, 2010. "Financial Intermediation and Credit Policy in Business Cycle Analysis," Handbook of Monetary Economics, in: Benjamin M. Friedman & Michael Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 11, pages 547-599, Elsevier.
    6. Zhiguo He & Arvind Krishnamurthy, 2013. "Intermediary Asset Pricing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(2), pages 732-770, April.
    7. Tobias Adrian & Hyun Song Shin, 2011. "Financial Intermediary Balance Sheet Management," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 3(1), pages 289-307, December.
    8. Buiter, Willem H., 2014. "The simple analytics of helicopter money: Why it works - always," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 8, pages 1-51.
    9. Estrella, Arturo, 2004. "The cyclical behavior of optimal bank capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 1469-1498, June.
    10. Li, Boyao & Xiong, Wanting & Chen, Liujun & Wang, Yougui, 2017. "The impact of the liquidity coverage ratio on money creation: A stock-flow based dynamic approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 193-202.
    11. Schmaltz, Christian & Pokutta, Sebastian & Heidorn, Thomas & Andrae, Silvio, 2014. "How to make regulators and shareholders happy under Basel III," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 311-325.
    12. Werner, Richard A., 2014. "How do banks create money, and why can other firms not do the same? An explanation for the coexistence of lending and deposit-taking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 71-77.
    13. Bezemer, Dirk J., 2010. "Understanding financial crisis through accounting models," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 676-688, October.
    14. Viral V Acharya & Lea Borchert & Maximilian Jager & Sascha Steffen, 2021. "Kicking the Can Down the Road: Government Interventions in the European Banking Sector," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(9), pages 4090-4131.
    15. Natalya Martynova, 2015. "Effect of bank capital requirements on economic growth: a survey," DNB Working Papers 467, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    16. Kopecky, Kenneth J. & VanHoose, David, 2004. "A model of the monetary sector with and without binding capital requirements," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 633-646, March.
    17. Atif Mian & Amir Sufi & Emil Verner, 2020. "How Does Credit Supply Expansion Affect the Real Economy? The Productive Capacity and Household Demand Channels," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(2), pages 949-994, April.
    18. Xavier Freixas & Jean-Charles Rochet, 2008. "Microeconomics of Banking, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262062704, December.
    19. VanHoose, David, 2007. "Theories of bank behavior under capital regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 3680-3697, December.
    20. Li, Boyao & Wang, Yougui, 2020. "Money creation within the macroeconomy: An integrated model of banking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    21. Jakab, Zoltan & Kumhof, Michael, 2015. "Banks are not intermediaries of loanable funds – and why this matters," Bank of England working papers 529, Bank of England.
    22. Werner, Richard A., 2016. "A lost century in economics: Three theories of banking and the conclusive evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 361-379.
    23. Li, Lei, 2013. "TARP funds distribution and bank loan supply," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 4777-4792.
    24. Adrian, Tobias & Song Shin, Hyun, 2010. "Financial Intermediaries and Monetary Economics," Handbook of Monetary Economics, in: Benjamin M. Friedman & Michael Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 12, pages 601-650, Elsevier.
    25. Charles W. Calomiris & Urooj Khan, 2015. "An Assessment of TARP Assistance to Financial Institutions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(2), pages 53-80, Spring.
    26. Heid, Frank, 2007. "The cyclical effects of the Basel II capital requirements," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 3885-3900, December.
    27. Jon Danielsson & Hyun Song Shin & Jean-Pierre Zigrand, 2011. "Balance Sheet Capacity and Endogenous Risk," FMG Discussion Papers dp665, Financial Markets Group.
    28. Chang, Su-Hsin & Contessi, Silvio & Francis, Johanna L., 2014. "Understanding the accumulation of bank and thrift reserves during the U.S. financial crisis," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 78-106.
    29. Xiong, Wanting & Li, Boyao & Wang, Yougui & Stanley, H. Eugene, 2020. "The versatility of money multiplier under Basel III regulations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    30. Craig Furfine, 2001. "Bank Portfolio Allocation: The Impact of Capital Requirements, Regulatory Monitoring, and Economic Conditions," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 20(1), pages 33-56, September.
    31. Robert Kollmann & Werner Roeger & Jan in'tVeld, 2012. "Fiscal Policy in a Financial Crisis: Standard Policy vs. Bank Rescue Measure," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2012-008, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    32. Stefano Puddu & Andreas Waelchli, 2015. "TARP Effect on Bank Lending Behaviour: Evidence from the last Financial Crisis," IRENE Working Papers 15-06, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    33. Valerie A. Ramey, 2011. "Can Government Purchases Stimulate the Economy?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 49(3), pages 673-685, September.
    34. Xing, Xiaoyun & Wang, Mingsong & Wang, Yougui & Stanley, H. Eugene, 2020. "Credit creation under multiple banking regulations: The impact of balance sheet diversity on money supply," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 720-735.
    35. Berger, Allen N. & Roman, Raluca A., 2015. "Did TARP Banks Get Competitive Advantages?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(6), pages 1199-1236, December.
    36. Adrian, Tobias & Shin, Hyun Song, 2010. "Liquidity and leverage," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 418-437, July.
    37. Robert Kollmann & Werner Roeger & Jan in't Veld, 2012. "Fiscal Policy in a Financial Crisis: Standard Policy versus Bank Rescue Measures," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 77-81, May.
    38. Hyun, Jung-Soon & Rhee, Byung-Kun, 2011. "Bank capital regulation and credit supply," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 323-330, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Boyao, 2021. "Bank equity, interest payments, and credit creation under Basel III regulations," MPRA Paper 111269, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Li, Boyao, 2022. "How does bank equity affect credit creation? Multiplier effects under Basel III regulations," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 299-324.
    3. Xiong, Wanting & Wang, Yougui, 2022. "A reformulation of the bank lending channel under multiple prudential regulations," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    4. Li, Boyao, 2022. "The macroeconomic effects of Basel III regulations with endogenous credit and money creation," MPRA Paper 113873, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Borio, Claudio & Zhu, Haibin, 2012. "Capital regulation, risk-taking and monetary policy: A missing link in the transmission mechanism?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 236-251.
    6. Xing, Xiaoyun & Wang, Mingsong & Wang, Yougui & Stanley, H. Eugene, 2020. "Credit creation under multiple banking regulations: The impact of balance sheet diversity on money supply," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 720-735.
    7. Berger, Allen N. & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, 2021. "Banking research in the time of COVID-19," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    8. Allen N. Berger & Raluca Roman & John Sedunov, 2016. "Do bank bailouts reduce or increase systemic risk? the effects of TARP on financial system stability," Research Working Paper RWP 16-8, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    9. Kevin T. Jacques & Lakshmi Balasubramanyan, 2011. "Risk Weights in Regulatory Capital Standards: Is It Necessary to 'Get It Right'?," NFI Working Papers 2011-WP-23, Indiana State University, Scott College of Business, Networks Financial Institute.
    10. Ekaterina Pirozhkova, 2017. "Banks' balance sheet, uncertainty and macroeconomy," EcoMod2017 10430, EcoMod.
    11. Allen N. Berger & Raluca Roman, 2015. "Did saving Wall Street really save Main Street : the real effects of TARP on local economic conditions," Research Working Paper RWP 15-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    12. Stijn Claessens & M Ayhan Kose, 2018. "Frontiers of macrofinancial linkages," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 95.
    13. Li, Boyao & Xiong, Wanting & Chen, Liujun & Wang, Yougui, 2017. "The impact of the liquidity coverage ratio on money creation: A stock-flow based dynamic approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 193-202.
    14. Li, Boyao & Wang, Yougui, 2020. "Money creation within the macroeconomy: An integrated model of banking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    15. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/293qice3lj861rvos9ns14n0h0 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Peydró, José-Luis & Polo, Andrea & Sette, Enrico, 2021. "Monetary policy at work: Security and credit application registers evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(3), pages 789-814.
    17. Christina Bui, 2018. "Bank Regulation and Financial Stability," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 5-2018.
    18. Abhishek Kumar & Sushanta Mallick & Madhusudan Mohanty & Fabrizio Zampolli, 2023. "Market Volatility, Monetary Policy and the Term Premium," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 85(1), pages 208-237, February.
    19. Robert Kollmann, 2013. "Global Banks, Financial Shocks, and International Business Cycles: Evidence from an Estimated Model," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(s2), pages 159-195, December.
    20. Jochen Mankart & Alexander Michaelides & Spyros Pagratis, 2020. "Bank capital buffers in a dynamic model," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(2), pages 473-502, June.
    21. Tan, Brandon & Igan, Deniz & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad & Pierri, Nicola & Presbitero, Andrea F., 2021. "Government intervention and bank markups: Lessons from the global financial crisis for the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank credit supply; Government expenditure; Basel III; Multiplier effect; Balance sheet;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:111311. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.