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How to make regulators and shareholders happy under Basel III

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  • Schmaltz, Christian
  • Pokutta, Sebastian
  • Heidorn, Thomas
  • Andrae, Silvio

Abstract

In addition to the Basel II capital ratio, Basel III requires banks to respect additional ratios, such as leverage ratio, liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio. Banks are required to be compliant with all four constraints simultaneously. Our article provides a framework for banks to help their search for an optimal transition from Basel II to Basel III. Recognizing that banks’ return and the four constraints are of linear type, this search can be formulated as a linear program and solved by standard software. Incorporating uncertainty on future defaults, risk weights and withdrawals and formulating the problem as a Chance constrained model does not only yield optimal transition strategies but also determines the internal thresholds for the Basel III-ratios. Our approach needs two standard inputs from controlling: profit margins per product and non-financial adjustment costs to expand or cut back business. The adjustment cost can be used to calibrate the model to the current business mix. This calibration can be done by bank outsiders and allows the model to be used in impact studies to replace ad hoc strategies. To highlight its practicality, we apply our model to a typical German bank with a business mix that complies with Basel II, but not with the Basel III-, capital-, leverage- and net stable funding-ratio. Assuming that its business model is optimal under Basel II, we find that this bank would achieve compliance restructuring its funding side by replacing interbank funding by capital and retail deposits. Additional uncertainty would amplify the magnitude of the changes, but would still affect the same positions. These findings are robust against alternative margin definitions and adjustment cost levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Schmaltz, Christian & Pokutta, Sebastian & Heidorn, Thomas & Andrae, Silvio, 2014. "How to make regulators and shareholders happy under Basel III," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 311-325.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:46:y:2014:i:c:p:311-325
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.05.031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paolo Angelini & Laurent Clerc & Vasco Cúrdia & Leonardo Gambacorta & Andrea Gerali & Alberto Locarno & Roberto Motto & Werner Roeger & Skander Van den Heuvel & Jan Vlček, 2015. "Basel III: Long-term Impact on Economic Performance and Fluctuations," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 83(2), pages 217-251, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. DeYoung, Robert & Distinguin, Isabelle & Tarazi, Amine, 2018. "The joint regulation of bank liquidity and bank capital," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 32-46.
    2. Karlo Kauko, 2017. "A Short Note on the Net Stable Funding Ratio Requirement with Endogenous Money," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(1), pages 105-115, February.
    3. Yiannis Anagnostopoulos & Jackie Kabeega, 2019. "Insider perspectives on European banking challenges in the post-crisis regulation environment," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 136-158, June.
    4. Ivan Gržeta & Saša Žiković & Ivana Tomas Žiković, 2023. "Size matters: analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-28, December.
    5. Le, Minh & Hoang, Viet-Ngu & Wilson, Clevo & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Net stable funding ratio and profit efficiency of commercial banks in the US," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 55-66.
    6. Júdice, Pedro & Zhu, Qiji Jim, 2021. "Bank balance sheet risk allocation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Ananou, Foly & Chronopoulos, Dimitris K. & Tarazi, Amine & Wilson, John O.S., 2021. "Liquidity regulation and bank lending," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    8. Li, Boyao, 2022. "How does bank equity affect credit creation? Multiplier effects under Basel III regulations," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 299-324.
    9. Anureet Virk Sidhu & Shailesh Rastogi & Rajani Gupte & Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, 2022. "Impact of Liquidity Coverage Ratio on Performance of Select Indian Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, May.
    10. Ly, Kim Cuong & Shimizu, Katsutoshi, 2018. "Funding liquidity risk and internal markets in multi-bank holding companies: Diversification or internalization?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 77-89.
    11. Rui Pedro Brito & Pedro Alarcão Judice, 2020. "Asset classification under the IFRS 9 framework for the construction of a banking investment portfolio," CeBER Working Papers 2020-06, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra.
    12. Schmitt, Matthias & Schmaltz, Christian, 2016. "Potential implications of a NSFR on German banks' credit supply and profitability," Discussion Papers 37/2016, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    13. M. Birn & M. Dietsch & D. Durant, 2017. "How to reach all Basel requirements at the same time?," Débats économiques et financiers 28, Banque de France.
    14. Li, Boyao, 2021. "Bank equity, interest payments, and credit creation under Basel III regulations," MPRA Paper 111269, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Li, Boyao, 2021. "When government expenditure meets bank regulation: The impact of government expenditure on credit supply," MPRA Paper 111311, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. de Ramon, Sebastian & Francis, William & Milonas, Kristoffer, 2017. "An overview of the UK banking sector since the Basel Accord: insights from a new regulatory database," Bank of England working papers 652, Bank of England.
    17. Robert Deyoung & Isabelle Distinguin & Amine Tarazi, 2017. "Bank Liquidity Management and Bank Capital Shocks," Working Papers hal-01559053, HAL.
    18. Douglas da Rosa München & Herbert Kimura, 2020. "Regulatory Banking Leverage: what do you know?," Working Papers Series 540, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    19. Torchiani, Ingo & Heidorn, Thomas & Schmaltz, Christian, 2017. "An integrated shortfall measure for Basel III," Discussion Papers 26/2017, Deutsche Bundesbank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Basel III; Linear programming; Capital ratio; Leverage ratio; LCR; NSFR;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

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